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Moghaddam FD, Zare EN, Hassanpour M, Bertani FR, Serajian A, Ziaei SF, Paiva-Santos AC, Neisiany RE, Makvandi P, Iravani S, Xu Y. Chitosan-based nanosystems for cancer diagnosis and therapy: Stimuli-responsive, immune response, and clinical studies. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 330:121839. [PMID: 38368115 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Cancer, a global health challenge of utmost severity, necessitates innovative approaches beyond conventional treatments (e.g., surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy). Unfortunately, these approaches frequently fail to achieve comprehensive cancer control, characterized by inefficacy, non-specific drug distribution, and the emergence of adverse side effects. Nanoscale systems based on natural polymers like chitosan have garnered significant attention as promising platforms for cancer diagnosis and therapy owing to chitosan's inherent biocompatibility, biodegradability, nontoxicity, and ease of functionalization. Herein, recent advancements pertaining to the applications of chitosan nanoparticles in cancer imaging and drug/gene delivery are deliberated. The readers are introduced to conventional non-stimuli-responsive and stimuli-responsive chitosan-based nanoplatforms. External triggers like light, heat, and ultrasound and internal stimuli such as pH and redox gradients are highlighted. The utilization of chitosan nanomaterials as contrast agents or scaffolds for multimodal imaging techniques e.g., magnetic resonance, fluorescence, and nuclear imaging is represented. Key applications in targeted chemotherapy, combination therapy, photothermal therapy, and nucleic acid delivery using chitosan nanoformulations are explored for cancer treatment. The immunomodulatory effects of chitosan and its role in impacting the tumor microenvironment are analyzed. Finally, challenges, prospects, and future outlooks regarding the use of chitosan-based nanosystems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Dabbagh Moghaddam
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, National Research Council, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mahnaz Hassanpour
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Francesca Romana Bertani
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, National Research Council, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Azam Serajian
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Farnaz Ziaei
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Drug Development and Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Department of Polymer Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar 9617976487, Iran.
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, 324000 Quzhou, Zhejiang, China; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Independent Researcher, W Nazar ST, Boostan Ave, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Science & Technology, Department of Urology, NanoBioMed Group, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China.
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Zaiki Y, Iskandar A, Wong TW. Functionalized chitosan for cancer nano drug delivery. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108200. [PMID: 37331671 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is a biotechnological derivative of chitin receiving a widespread pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. It can be used to encapsulate and deliver cancer therapeutics with inherent pH-dependent solubility to confer drug targeting at tumour microenvironment and anti-cancer activity synergizing cancer cytotoxic drug actions. To further reduce the off-target and by-stander adverse effects of drugs, a high targeted drug delivery efficiency at the lowest possible drug doses is clinically required. The chitosan has been functionalized with covalent conjugates or complexes and processed into nanoparticles to encapsulate and control drug release, to avoid premature drug clearance, to deliver drugs passively and actively to cancer site at tissue, cell or subcellular levels, and to promote cancer cell uptake of nanoparticles through membrane permeabilization at higher specificity and scale. Nanomedicine developed using functionalized chitosan translates to significant preclinical improvements. Future challenges related to nanotoxicity, manufacturability, selection precision of conjugates and complexes as a function of cancer omics and their biological responses from administration site to cancer target need critical assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazid Zaiki
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Athirah Iskandar
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tin Wui Wong
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Sino-Malaysia Molecular Oncology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Delivery Joint Research Centre, Medical College, Yangzhou University, 136, Jiangyang Middle Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Zacaron TM, Silva MLSE, Costa MP, Silva DME, Silva AC, Apolônio ACM, Fabri RL, Pittella F, Rocha HVA, Tavares GD. Advancements in Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Pulmonary Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3849. [PMID: 37765701 PMCID: PMC10536410 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of respiratory diseases represents a considerable public health challenge, as they are among the leading causes of death worldwide. In this sense, in addition to the high prevalence of diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, and lung cancer, emerging respiratory diseases, particularly those caused by members of the coronavirus family, have contributed to a significant number of deaths on a global scale over the last two decades. Therefore, several studies have been conducted to optimize the efficacy of treatments against these diseases, focusing on pulmonary drug delivery using nanomedicine. Thus, the development of nanocarriers has emerged as a promising alternative to overcome the limitations of conventional therapy, by increasing drug bioavailability at the target site and reducing unwanted side effects. In this context, nanoparticles composed of chitosan (CS) show advantages over other nanocarriers because chitosan possesses intrinsic biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and mucoadhesive capacity. Moreover, CS nanoparticles have the potential to enhance drug stability, prolong the duration of action, improve drug targeting, control drug release, optimize dissolution of poorly soluble drugs, and increase cell membrane permeability of hydrophobic drugs. These properties could optimize the performance of the drug after its pulmonary administration. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the potential of chitosan nanoparticles for pulmonary drug delivery, highlighting how their biological properties can improve the treatment of pulmonary diseases, including their synergistic action with the encapsulated drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Medeiros Zacaron
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (T.M.Z.); (M.P.C.); (D.M.e.S.); (A.C.S.); (R.L.F.); (F.P.)
| | | | - Mirsiane Pascoal Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (T.M.Z.); (M.P.C.); (D.M.e.S.); (A.C.S.); (R.L.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Dominique Mesquita e Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (T.M.Z.); (M.P.C.); (D.M.e.S.); (A.C.S.); (R.L.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Allana Carvalho Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (T.M.Z.); (M.P.C.); (D.M.e.S.); (A.C.S.); (R.L.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Ana Carolina Morais Apolônio
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
| | - Rodrigo Luiz Fabri
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (T.M.Z.); (M.P.C.); (D.M.e.S.); (A.C.S.); (R.L.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Frederico Pittella
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (T.M.Z.); (M.P.C.); (D.M.e.S.); (A.C.S.); (R.L.F.); (F.P.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
| | - Helvécio Vinícius Antunes Rocha
- Laboratory of Micro and Nanotechnology—Farmanguinhos, FIOCRUZ—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-361, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
| | - Guilherme Diniz Tavares
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (T.M.Z.); (M.P.C.); (D.M.e.S.); (A.C.S.); (R.L.F.); (F.P.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
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Sharma A, Kaur I, Dheer D, Nagpal M, Kumar P, Venkatesh DN, Puri V, Singh I. A propitious role of marine sourced polysaccharides: Drug delivery and biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 308:120448. [PMID: 36813329 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Numerous compounds, with extensive applications in biomedical and biotechnological fields, are present in the oceans, which serve as a prime renewable source of natural substances, further promoting the development of novel medical systems and devices. Polysaccharides are present in the marine ecosystem in abundance, promoting minimal extraction costs, in addition to their solubility in extraction media, and an aqueous solvent, along with their interactions with biological compounds. Certain algae-derived polysaccharides include fucoidan, alginate, and carrageenan, while animal-derived polysaccharides comprise hyaluronan, chitosan and many others. Furthermore, these compounds can be modified to facilitate their processing into multiple shapes and sizes, as well as exhibit response dependence to external conditions like temperature and pH. All these properties have promoted the use of these biomaterials as raw materials for the development of drug delivery carrier systems (hydrogels, particles, capsules). The present review enlightens marine polysaccharides providing its sources, structures, biological properties, and its biomedical applications. In addition to this, their role as nanomaterials is also portrayed by the authors, along with the methods employed to develop them and associated biological and physicochemical properties designed to develop suitable drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya Sharma
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India; University of Glasgow, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8QQ
| | - Divya Dheer
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - D Nagasamy Venkatesh
- JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vivek Puri
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Inderbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
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Antiproliferative potentials of chitin and chitosan encapsulated gold nanoparticles derived from unhatched Artemia cysts. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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