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Qing L, Wu W. The mechanism of geniposide in patients with COVID-19 and atherosclerosis: A pharmacological and bioinformatics analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39065. [PMID: 39093733 PMCID: PMC11296471 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (which causes coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]), oxidative stress (OS) is associated with disease severity and death. OS is also involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). Previous studies have shown that geniposide has anti-inflammatory and anti-viral properties, and can protect cells against OS. However, the potential target(s) of geniposide in patients with COVID-19 and AS, as well as the mechanism it uses, are unclear. We combined pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis to obtain geniposide against COVID-19/AS targets, and build protein-protein interaction network to filter hub genes. The hub genes were performed an enrichment analysis by ClueGO, including Gene Ontology and KEGG. The Enrichr database and the target microRNAs (miRNAs) of hub genes were predicted through the MiRTarBase via Enrichr. The common miRNAs were used to construct the miRNAs-mRNAs regulated network, and the miRNAs' function was evaluated by mirPath v3.0 software. Two hundred forty-seven targets of geniposide were identified in patients with COVID-19/AS comorbidity by observing the overlap between the genes modulated by geniposide, COVID-19, and AS. A protein-protein interaction network of geniposide in patients with COVID-19/AS was constructed, and 27 hub genes were identified. The results of enrichment analysis suggested that geniposide may be involved in regulating the OS via the FoxO signaling pathway. MiRNA-mRNA network revealed that hsa-miR-34a-5p may play an important role in the therapeutic mechanism of geniposide in COVID-19/AS patients. Our study found that geniposide represents a promising therapy for patients with COVID-19 and AS comorbidity. Furthermore, the target genes and miRNAs that we identified may aid the development of new treatment strategies against COVID-19/AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijin Qing
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Wei Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
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Gong J, Jin Q, Zhu F. Effects of geniposide on innate immunity and antiviral activity of Scyllaparamamosain. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 145:109303. [PMID: 38104694 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the impact of geniposide on the innate immunity of the mud crab Scylla paramamosain, specifically in relation to WSSV infection. Through the use of in vitro cell culture experiments, we assessed the effects of geniposide on various parameters of hemocyte activity in S. paramamosain. Our findings revealed that high doses of geniposide inhibited hemocyte growth, with an optimal dose of 100 mg/kg determined. Additionally, we observed that geniposide increased the total hemocyte counts in S. paramamosain following WSSV infection. Geniposide also enhanced the enzymatic activities in hemolymph following treatment. The enzymes affected by geniposide encompassed ACP (acid phosphatase), POD (phenol oxidase catalase), PO (phenoloxidase), SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), and LZM (lysozyme). Furthermore, the activities of ACP, POD, PO, and LZM were also observed to increase subsequent to infection with WSSV. Notably, geniposide was found to enhance the phagocytosis of V. alginolyticus within the hemocytes. Geniposide can reduce hemocyte apoptosis rates after treatment, as well as hemocytes infected with WSSV. Furthermore, geniposide treatment significantly up-regulated the expression level of Myosin, but expression levels of Astakine, C-type lectin (CTL), STAT, JAK, proPO, minichromosome maintenance protein (MCM7), caspase-3 and crustin were down-regulated in the hemocytes. Additionally, geniposide treatment inhibited WSSV replication in hemocytes of S. paramamosain, and enhanced the survival rates of mud crabs following WSSV infection. These experimental results provide evidence that geniposide can improve the immune response by regulating humoral immunity and cellular immunity, and enhance pathogen resistance in S. paramamosain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Qingri Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 311399, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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Xu X, Chen B, Zhang J, Lan S, Wu S. Whole-genome resequencing analysis of the medicinal plant Gardenia jasminoides. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16056. [PMID: 37744244 PMCID: PMC10512932 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gardenia jasminoides is a species of Chinese medicinal plant, which has high medicinal and economic value and rich genetic diversity, but the study on its genetic diversity is far not enough. Methods In this study, one wild and one cultivated gardenia materials were resequenced using IlluminaHiSeq sequencing platform and the data were evaluated to understand the genomic characteristics of G. jasminoides. Results After data analysis, the results showed that clean data of 11.77G, Q30 reached 90.96%. The average comparison rate between the sample and reference genome was 96.08%, the average coverage depth was 15X, and the genome coverage was 85.93%. The SNPs of FD and YP1 were identified, and 3,087,176 and 3,241,416 SNPs were developed, respectively. In addition, SNP non-synonymous mutation, InDel mutation, SV mutation and CNV mutation were also detected between the sample and the reference genome, and KEGG, GO and COG database annotations were made for genes with DNA level variation. The structural gene variation in the biosynthetic pathway of crocin and gardenia, the main medicinal substance of G. jasminoides was further explored, which provided basic data for molecular breeding and genetic diversity of G. jasminoides in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Xu
- Fujian Academy of Forestry Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Bihua Chen
- Fujian Academy of Forestry Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Fujian Academy of Forestry Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Siren Lan
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shasha Wu
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Luo C, Wang L, Wu Y, Liu M, Chen B, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Fu C, Liu X. Protective effect and possible mechanisms of geniposide for ischemia-reperfusion injury: A systematic review with meta-analysis and network pharmacology of preclinical evidence. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20114. [PMID: 37809705 PMCID: PMC10559851 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Geniposide, as a pharmacologically bioactive component, is derived from a classic and common Chinese herb, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. Geniposide has been shown to be effective for treating I/R injury in recent studies. Current effectively pharmaceutical treatments are scarce, and treatment based on geniposide may become a novel option. As far as we know, this research is the initial systematic evaluation of the protective effects of geniposide in I/R injury. Aim of the study This study is engrossed in evaluating the mechanism of action of geniposide in I/R injury through a preclinical systematic review with meta-analysis and network pharmacology. Materials and methods We built a systematic review which provided a view of effect and mechanism of geniposide for I/R injury. Based on seven databases, an open-ended search from their inception to August 31st, 2022, was conducted. Animal studies on the effects of geniposide in I/R injury were considered. The data was analyzed using Review Manager 5.3, and bias was assessed using the CAMARADES 10-item scale. 13 articles including 279 animals were selected finally. And network pharmacology was joined to elucidate the mechanism. Results According to the meta-analysis, in I/R injury, geniposide can attenuate cardiomyocytes viability and the size of MI, decrease the volume of cerebral infraction and neurological score, decrease serum ALT and AST activity, and downregulated serum Cr and BUN. The review found that geniposide protects against I/R injury by inhibiting apoptosis, oxidation, inflammation and improvement of autophagy and mitochondrial respiration, which is consistent with the results of the network pharmacology screening. Conclusion This preclinical systematic review including meta-analysis and network pharmacology, which was the first one summarizing the relationship between geniposide and ischemia diseases, shows a novel therapy for I/R injury and appears an enticing implication of geniposide in I/R injury, and further research is looked forward. Given the restricted quantity of included researches and the unclear risk of bias of the studies, we should interpret the results with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqin Luo
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lingfeng Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Menghan Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baoxin Chen
- Neurology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqiao Lu
- Office of Academic Research, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yunling Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Fu
- Experimental Center of Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Office of Academic Research, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Zhao Y, Zhang Q, Yan Y, Wang X, Shao Y, Mei C, Zou T. Antidepressant-like effects of geniposide in chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced mice by regulating the circ_0008405/miR-25-3p/Gata2 and Oip5os1/miR-25-3p/Gata2 networks. Phytother Res 2023; 37:1850-1863. [PMID: 36515407 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Evidence exists suggesting the anti-depressive activities of geniposide (GP), a major compound in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. Accordingly, the present study attempts to explore the anti-depressive mechanism of GP in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression-like behaviors of mice. CUMS-induced mice were given GP daily and subjected to behavioral tests to observe the effect of GP on the depression-like behaviors. It was noted that GP administration reduced depression-like behaviors in CUMS mice. Transcriptome sequencing was conducted in three control and three CUMS mice. Differentially expressed circRNAs, lncRNAs and mRNAs were then screened by bioinformatics analyses. Intersection analysis of the transcriptome sequencing results with the bioinformatics analysis results was followed to identify the candidate targets. We found that Gata2 alleviated depression-like behaviors via the metabolism- and synapse-related pathways. Gata2 was a target of miR-25-3p, which had binding sites to circ_0008405 and Oip5os1. circ_0008405 and Oip5os1 competitively bound to miR-25-3p to release the expression of Gata2. GP administration ameliorated depression-like behaviors in CUMS mice through regulation of the circ_0008405/miR-25-3p/Gata2 and Oip5os1/miR-25-3p/Gata2 crosstalk networks. Taken together, GP may exert a potential antidepressant-like effect on CUMS mice, which is ascribed to regulation of the circ_0008405/miR-25-3p/Gata2 and Oip5os1/miR-25-3p/Gata2 crosstalk networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Department of Acupuncture, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture, Second Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yuzhu Yan
- Department of Acupuncture, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xinbo Wang
- Department of Acupuncture, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yin Shao
- Department of Acupuncture, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, PR China
| | - Cheng Mei
- Department of Encephalopathy, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Tianyu Zou
- Department of Encephalopathy, Shenzhen Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China
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Eliopoulos AG, Angelis A, Liakakou A, Skaltsounis LA. In Vitro Anti-Influenza Virus Activity of Non-Polar Primula veris subsp. veris Extract. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121513. [PMID: 36558964 PMCID: PMC9787935 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants have long been recognized as a tremendous source of candidate compounds for the development of pharmaceuticals, including anti-viral agents. Herein, we report the identification of anti-influenza virus activity in non-polar Primula veris L. subsp. veris extracts. We show that P. veris subsp. veris flower extracts, obtained using supercritical fluid or ultrasound-based extraction, possess virucidal/virus inactivation properties and confer prophylactic and therapeutic effects against influenza virus-induced cytolysis in vitro. By GC-MS and UPLC-HRMS analysis of non-polar P. veris subsp. veris extracts we identified terpenes, flavones, tocopherols, and other classes of phytochemicals with known or putative anti-influenza properties. In silico prediction of cellular functions and molecular pathways affected by these phytochemicals suggests putative effects on signal transduction, inflammasome, and cell death pathways that are relevant to influenza virus pathogenesis. Combining P. veris subsp. veris with extracts of medicinal plants with proven anti-influenza activity such as Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench and Cistus creticus L. subsp. creticus achieves an impressive protective effect against infection by influenza virus H1N1 in vitro and reduced progeny virus production by infected cells. Collectively, these findings uncover a previously uncharted biological property of non-polar P. veris flower extracts that warrants further studies to assess clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristides G. Eliopoulos
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (A.G.E.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Apostolis Angelis
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Liakakou
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Leandros A. Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (A.G.E.); (L.A.S.)
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Geniposide Alleviates Neuropathic Pain in CCI Rats by Inhibiting the EGFR/PI3K/AKT Pathway And Ca 2+ Channels. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1057-1069. [PMID: 35699893 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is a common disorder among individuals worldwide, but there is still no effective treatment for NP. The EGFR pathway promotes NP nociceptive sensitization and represents a potential therapeutic target. Geniposide is abundant in natural plants and has various pharmacological activities, such as analgesia and anti-inflammation properties, which can improve NP, but the specific mechanisms have not been elucidated. The present study first predicted and molecularly docked geniposide targets, suggesting that geniposide may play a role in improving NP by targeting EGFR. This study further clarified that geniposide alleviates NP and improves the inflammatory response using a chronic constriction injury (CCI) model, whereas the administration of an EGFR agonist weakens the above effects of geniposide. Analysis of transcriptome data further suggests that geniposide not only improves CCI symptoms by reducing EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway activity but also may exert anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the Ca2+ signaling pathway. The above results affirm the potential value of geniposide in the treatment of NP and lay the foundation for further clinical application.
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