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Huang S, Chen J, Liu X, Xing C, Zhao L, Chan K, Lu G. Evaluation of the Pharmaceutical Activities of Chuanxiong, a Key Medicinal Material in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1157. [PMID: 39338320 PMCID: PMC11434844 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Szechwan lovage rhizome (SLR, the rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., Chuanxiong in Chinese transliteration) is one Chinese materia medica (CMM) commonly used to activate blood circulation and remove blood stasis. SLR is applicable to most blood stasis syndromes. It has significant clinical efficacy in relation to human diseases of the cardiocerebrovascular system, nervous system, respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system, etc. Apart from China, SLR is also used in Singapore, Malaysia, the European Union, and the United States of America. However, the current chemical markers in pharmacopeia or monography for the quality assessment of SLR are not well characterized or specifically characterized, nor do they fully reflect the medicinal efficacy of SLR, resulting in the quality of SLR not being effectively controlled. CMM can only have medicinal efficacy when they are applied in vivo to an organism. The intensity of their pharmaceutical activities can more directly represent the quality of CMM. Therefore, the chemical constituents and pharmacological actions of SLR are reviewed in this paper. In order to demonstrate the medicinal efficacy of SLR in promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, bioassay methods are put forward to evaluate the pharmaceutical activities of SLR to improve hemorheology, hemodynamics, and vascular microcirculation, as well as its anti-platelet aggregation and anticoagulation properties. Through comprehensive analyses of these pharmaceutical properties, the quality and therapeutic value of SLR are ascertained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (S.H.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (C.X.)
- Research Institute of Chinese Medicines as Drug & Food, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jiamei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (S.H.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (C.X.)
- Research Institute of Chinese Medicines as Drug & Food, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (S.H.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (C.X.)
- Research Institute of Chinese Medicines as Drug & Food, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chunxin Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (S.H.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (C.X.)
- Research Institute of Chinese Medicines as Drug & Food, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Sichuan Institute for Drug Control (Sichuan Testing Center of Medical Devices), Chengdu 611731, China;
| | - Kelvin Chan
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 1797, Australia
| | - Guanghua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (S.H.); (J.C.); (X.L.); (C.X.)
- Research Institute of Chinese Medicines as Drug & Food, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
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Wu X, Wei J, Zhang W, Yi Y, Wang T, Gong Q, Liu X, Li H, Gao J. Targeting the PANoptosis signaling pathway for myocardial protection: therapeutic potential of Xian Ling Gu Bao capsule. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1391511. [PMID: 38799163 PMCID: PMC11116727 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1391511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Myocardial infarction (MI), the most prevalent ischemic heart disease, constitutes a primary cause of global cardiovascular disease with incidence and mortality. The pathogenesis of MI is exceedingly intricate, with PANoptosis playing a pivotal role in its pathological process. Xian Ling Gu Bao capsule (XLGB) contains various active components, including flavonoids, terpenes, and phenylpropanoids, and exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activities. However, it remains unclear whether XLGB can protect the myocardium from damage after MI. This study aimed to investigate the impact of XLGB on isoprenaline (ISO)-induced MI in mice and its potential mechanisms. Methods: This study assessed the protective effects of XLGB against ISO-induced MI through techniques such as echocardiography, HE staining, Masson staining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, the potential mechanisms of XLGB's protective effects on MI were explored using bioinformatics, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. These mechanisms were further validated through immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting. Results: The results demonstrated that various doses of XLGB exhibited a significant reduction in myocardial injury induced by myocardial infarction. Intriguingly, higher dosages of XLGB displayed superior therapeutic efficacy compared to the positive control metoprolol. This protective effect is primarily achieved through the inhibition of oxidative stress and the inflammatory processes. Furthermore, we have elucidated that XLGB protected the myocardium from MI-induced damage by suppressing PANoptosis, with a critical role played by the NLRP3/Caspase3/RIP1 signaling pathway. Of particular note, the primary compounds of XLGB were found to directly interact with NLRP3/Caspase3/RIP1, a discovery further validated through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. This suggests that NLRP3/Caspase3/RIP1 may be a therapeutic target for XLGB-induced myocardial protection. Conclusion: In summary, our findings reveal a novel property of XLGB: reverses myocardial damage following MI by inhibiting the NLRP3/Caspase3/RIP1-mediated PANoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jiajia Wei
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Wenfang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qihai Gong
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shenyang, Shenyang, China
| | - Haibo Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shenyang, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianmei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Gao J, Wang N, Song W, Yuan Y, Teng Y, Liu Z. Mechanisms underlying the synergistic effects of chuanxiong combined with Chishao on treating acute lung injury based on network pharmacology and molecular docking combined with preclinical evaluation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117862. [PMID: 38342157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The herb pair of Chuanxiong Rhizome (Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., Chuanxiong in Chinese, CX) and Paeoniae Radix Rubra (Paeonia lactiflora Pall. Or Paeonia veitchii Lynch, Chishao in Chinese, CS) is a famous blood activating and stasis resolving pair that is often found in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas for the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI). However, the relationship of CX-CS herb pair to ALI and its underlying mechanisms are unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The study explored the effect and mechanisms of CX-CS herb pair in LPS induced ALI by network pharmacology and molecular docking combined with preclinical evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The related targets of the active compounds of CX-CS herb pair in regulating ALI were screened by network pharmacology. PPI was constructed and the potential pathways were investigated by GO and KEGG. The contribution of each active ingredient of CX-CS herb pair to ALI were calculated by network-based efficacy. The interactions between potential targets and active ingredients were evaluated by molecular docking. LPS stimulated RAW264.7 cells and mice model experiments were adopted to verify the effect of CX-CS herb pair on ALI. RESULTS A total of 25 compounds and 193 targets were identified in the CX-CS herb pair, of which 19 compounds and 64 targets were associated with ALI, and six compounds including baicalin, ellagic acid, baicalein, beta-sitosterol, paeoniflorin and ferulic acid accounted for 93.12% of the total combination index for ALI prevention. The CX-CS herbal pair against ALI was associated with PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways by GO and KEGG analysis. The screened active compounds showed good affinity for TNF, MAPK, and AKT by molecular docking. In vitro and in vivo tests showed that CX combined with CS synergistically inhibited LPS-induced ALI at 1:3, suppressed the release of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, inhibited the accumulation of ROS, as well as regulated the content of SOD, MDA and GSH. Meanwhile, the herb pair was effective in inhibiting the expression of p38, ERK, IκBα, p65, caspase 3, PARP, and up-regulating the levels of AKT and Bcl-2/Bax. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed the synergistic effect of CX-CS herb pair on the prevention of ALI by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis through MAPK/NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Gao
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Ning Wang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Wenjuan Song
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yajie Yuan
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yuou Teng
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Zhen Liu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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Yang T, Liu X, Zhou Y, Du L, Fu Y, Luo Y, Zhang W, Feng Z, Ge J, Mei Z. Sanpian decoction ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating SIRT1/ERK/HIF-1α pathway through in silico analysis and experimental validation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116898. [PMID: 37467820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a complex pathophysiological process involving multiple factors, and becomes the footstone of rehabilitation after ischemic stroke. Sanpian decoction (SPD) has exhibited protective effects against CIRI, migraine, and other cerebral vascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been completely elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study sought to explore the potential mechanisms underlying the effect of SPD against CIRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) were carried out to determine the chemical constituents of SPD. A network pharmacology approach combined with experimental verification was conducted to elucidate SPD's multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway mechanisms in CIRI occurrence. The pharmacodynamics of the decoction was evaluated by establishing the rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). In vivo and in vitro experiments were carried out, and the therapeutic effects of SPD were performed using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and Nissl staining. We used terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and flow cytometry to evaluate cortex apoptosis. The quantification of mRNA and corresponding proteins were performed using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot respectively. RESULTS Our research showed that pretreatment with SPD improved neurological function and inhibited CIRI. Network pharmacology revealed that the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway-mediated apoptosis may be associated with CIRI. In vivo and in vitro experiments, we confirmed that SPD increased cerebral blood flow, improved neural function, and reduced neural apoptosis via up-regulating the expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and down-regulating phospho-extracellular regulated protein kinases (p-ERK)/ERK and HIF-1α levels in CIRI rats. CONCLUSION Taken together, the present study systematically revealed the potential targets and signaling pathways of SPD in the treatment of CIRI using in silico prediction and verified the therapeutic effects of SPD against CIRI via ameliorating apoptosis by regulating SIRT1/ERK/HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaolu Liu
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Lipeng Du
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Xiangyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangyang, 441000, Hubei, China
| | - Yanan Luo
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Zhitao Feng
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China.
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China; Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China.
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Yang F, Yan Y, Gu Y, Qi K, Chen J, Wang G. Multi-target mechanism of Naoshuantong capsule for treatment of Ischemic stroke based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35771. [PMID: 37933045 PMCID: PMC10627680 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naoshuantong capsule (NST capsule) is a classic Chinese patent medicine, which can treat ischemic stroke (IS) and has good clinical efficacy. However, its pharmacological mechanism remains to be further explored in the treatment of IS. METHODS The bio-active components and potential targets of NST Capsules were obtained by ETCM and TCMSP databases. In addition, the related targets of IS were collected by Genecard, OMIM, DrugBank, TTD and DisGeNET databases. NST-IS common target was obtained by Venn platform. PPI network of NST-IS common target and the composition - target network diagram of NST Capsule were constructed by Cytoscape3.8.1. Finally, AutoDock was used for molecular docking. RESULTS 265 targets were predicted from 32 active compounds in NST Capsule, 109 common targets were identified between NST Capsule and IS. The top 10 key targets of PPI network were ALB, TNF, TP53, VEGFA, CASP3, MYC, etc. Enrichment analysis showed that NST capsules treated IS mainly through lipid and atherosclerosis, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis signaling pathways. CONCLUSION Through the methods of network pharmacology and molecular docking, this study clarified that NST capsules play a role in the treatment of IS, which is multi-target, multi-channel and multi-component regulation. This study further explored the pharmacological mechanism of NST capsule in the treatment of IS, which can provide some references for the subsequent research in the pharmacological mechanism of NST capsule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, PR China
| | - Ya Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, PR China
| | - Yun Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, PR China
| | - Kezhen Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, PR China
| | - Jianjie Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, PR China
| | - Guangming Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, PR China
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Chen L, Zhen Y, Wang X, Wang J, Zhu G. Neurovascular glial unit: A target of phytotherapy for cognitive impairments. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:155009. [PMID: 37573807 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurovascular glial unit (NVGU) dysfunction has been reported to be an early and critical event in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD). Although herbal medicines, with their favorable safety profiles and low adverse effects, have been suggested to be useful for the treatment of cognitive impairment, the potential role of the NVGU as the target of the effects of herbal medicines is still unclear. PURPOSE This review aimed to retrieve evidence from experimental studies of phytopharmaceuticals targeting the NVGU for the treatment of cognitive impairment in AD and VD, and discussed the potential of phytopharmaceuticals to improve cognitive impairment from the perspective of the NVGU. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and CNKI. The keywords used for searching information on the NVGU in the treatment of cognitive impairments included "Alzheimer's disease," "Vascular dementia," "Herbal medicines," "Natural products," "Neurovascular," "Adverse reaction," and "Toxicity, etc." We selected studies on the basis of predefined eligibility criteria. RESULTS NVGU mainly consists of endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and neurons, and damage to these cells can induce cognitive impairment by impairing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) as well as neuronal function. The active components of herbal medicines, including Ginkgo biloba L., Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Epimedium Folium, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Carthami flos, and Acorus tatarinowii Schott, as well as traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions have shown the potential to improve BBB function and increase CBF to prevent cognitive impairment by inhibiting astrocyte and microglia activation, protecting oligodendrocyte myelin function, reducing neuronal apoptosis, and promoting angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Herbal medicines demonstrate great potential to prevent cognitive impairment. Multiple components from herbal medicines may function through different signaling pathways to target the NVGU. Future studies using novel drug-carrier or delivery systems targeting the NVGU will certainly facilitate the development of phytopharmaceuticals for AD and VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Yilan Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Xuncui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Jingji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; The Second Affiliation Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230061, China.
| | - Guoqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
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Li X, Chen S, Zeng J, Cai R, Liang Y, Chen C, Chen B, Li C. Database-aided UHPLC-Q-orbitrap MS/MS strategy putatively identifies 52 compounds from Wushicha Granule to propose anti-counterfeiting quality-markers for pharmacopoeia. Chin Med 2023; 18:116. [PMID: 37689743 PMCID: PMC10492348 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00829-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Wushicha Granule, an over-the-counter-drug (OTC) prescription, consists of 19 traditional Chinese herbals medicines (CHMs), such as Chaihu, Hongcha, Chuanxiong, Houpo, and Gancao. The five however have not been effectively characterized by the quality-markers (Q-markers) system in current Pharmacopoeia. The study therefore established a novel database-aided ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-orbitrap MS/MS) strategy. The strategy has putatively identified 52 compounds from Wushicha Granule, mainly including flavonoids, saponins, alkaloid, lignins, and lactones. Especially, saponin "glycyrrhetinic acid" in the Granule was specifically identified as 18β-configuration (rather than 18α-configuration). Meanwhile, two pairs of isomers were fully discriminated, including vitexin vs isovitexin and daidzein vs 7,4'-dihydroxyflavone. 8β-Glycyrrhetinic acid, together with saponin saikosaponin A, alkaloid caffeine, lactone S-senkyunolide A, and lignin magnolol, were further studied using quantum chemical calculation, UV-vis spectra, and anti-counterfeiting validation experiment. In the validation experiment, they have successfully recognized 6 counterfeit Wushicha Granules, by means of a LC-MS equipped extraction software. Based on these results, 8β-glycyrrhetinic acid is recommended to replace the old Q-marker "glycyrrhetinic acid"; while saikosaponin A, caffeine, S-senkyunolide A, and magnolol are recommended as new Q-markers. These recommendations can not only recognize the counterfeits regarding Chaihu, Hongcha, Chuanxiong, Houpo, and Gancao, but also prevent the possible safety-incident. All these will greatly improve the efficiency and specificity of current Pharmacopoeia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xican Li
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Shaoman Chen
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jingyuan Zeng
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Rongxin Cai
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yilan Liang
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chuanbin Chen
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ban Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education and Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Chunhou Li
- School of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Liao YC, Wang JW, Guo C, Bai M, Ran Z, Wen LM, Ju BW, Ding Y, Hu JP, Yang JH. Cistanche tubulosa alleviates ischemic stroke-induced blood-brain barrier damage by modulating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 309:116269. [PMID: 36863639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ischemic stroke (IS) has both high morbidity and mortality. Previous research conducted by our group demonstrated that the bioactive ingredients of the traditional medicinal and edible plant Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Wight (CT) have various pharmacological effects in treating nervous system diseases. However, the effect of CT on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after IS are still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to identify CT's curative effect on IS and explore its underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS IS injury was established in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Gavage administration of CT at dosages of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day was carried out for seven consecutive days. Network pharmacology was used for predicting the pathways and potential targets of CT against IS, and subsequent studies confirmed the relevant targets. RESULTS According to the results, both neurological dysfunction and BBB disruption were exacerbated in the MCAO group. Moreover, CT improved BBB integrity and neurological function and protected against cerebral ischemia injury. Network pharmacology revealed that IS might involve neuroinflammation mediated by microglia. Extensive follow-up studies verified that MCAO caused IS by stimulating the production of inflammatory factors and microglial infiltration. CT was found to influence neuroinflammation via microglial M1-M2 polarization. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that CT may regulate microglia-mediated neuroinflammation by reducing MCAO-induced IS. The results provide theoretical and experimental evidence for the efficacy of CT therapy and novel concepts for the prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Liao
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China; Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jing-Wen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Min Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zheng Ran
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Li-Mei Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Bo-Wei Ju
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Jun-Ping Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China.
| | - Jian-Hua Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China.
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9
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Wu X, Wei J, Yi Y, Shu G, He Z, Gong Q, Gao J. Epimedium Aqueous Extract Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through Inhibiting ROS/NLRP3-Mediated Pyroptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:999. [PMID: 37237865 PMCID: PMC10215306 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12050999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion causes exacerbated neuronal damage involving excessive neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. ROS is considered a signal molecule to activate NLRP3; thus, the ROS/NLRP3/pyroptosis axis plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). Therefore, targeting the inhibition of the ROS/NLRP3/pyroptosis axis may be a promising therapeutic tactic for CIRI. Epimedium (EP) contains many active ingredients (ICA, ICS II, and ICT), which have a wide range of pharmacological activities. However, whether EP can protect against CIRI remains unknown. Thus, in this study, we designed to investigate the effect and possible underlying mechanism of EP on CIRI. The results showed that treatment with EP dramatically mitigated brain damage in rats following CIRI, which was achieved by suppressing mitochondrial oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Furthermore, we identified the ROS/NLRP3/pyroptosis axis as a vital process and NLRP3 as a vital target in EP-mediated protection. Most interestingly, the main compounds of EP directly bonded with NLRP3, as reflected by molecular docking, which indicated that NLRP3 might be a promising therapeutic target for EP-elicited cerebral protection. In conclusion, our findings illustrate that ICS II protects against neuron loss and neuroinflammation after CIRI by inhibiting ROS/NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jiajia Wei
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Guotao Shu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Zhixu He
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration, Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Qihai Gong
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jianmei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
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10
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Zhai Z, Su PW, Ma LY, Yang H, Wang T, Fei ZG, Zhang YN, Wang Y, Ma K, Han BB, Wu ZC, Yu HY, Zhao HJ. Progress on traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of ischemic stroke via the gut-brain axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114056. [PMID: 36446240 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a common issue that severely affects the human health. Between the central nervous system and the enteric system, the " Gut-Brain " axis, the bidirectional connection involved in the neuro-immuno-endocrine network, is crucial for the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke. Ischemic stroke can lead to change in the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal hormones, which will then reversely affect the disease development. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has unique advantages with reference to the treatment for ischemic stroke. The latest research revealed that a significant portion of medicines and prescriptions of TCM exert their therapeutic effects by improving the gut microbiota and regulating the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones. The present review summarized the Chinese medicines that play a therapeutic role in cerebral ischemia through regulating the "Gut-Brain" axis and described the corresponding mechanisms. This study attempts to provide reference for clinical selection of Chinese medicines and helps better understand the relevant mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhai
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Pei-Wei Su
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lan-Ying Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tong Wang
- School of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zheng-Gen Fei
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ke Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Bing-Bing Han
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhi-Chun Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hua-Yun Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China; Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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11
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Zhang Y, Liu Q, Zhang T, Wang H, Fu Y, Wang W, Li D. The therapeutic role of Jingchuan tablet on ischaemic cerebral stroke via the HIF-1α/EPO/VEGFA signalling pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:2110-2123. [PMID: 36269045 PMCID: PMC9590438 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2134430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Jingchuan tablet (JCT) is a Chinese medicine prescription for treating ischaemic cerebral stroke (ICS). However, its relevant mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To unravel the intrinsic mechanisms of JCT anti-ICS. MATERIALS AND METHODS 'Hongjingtian', 'chuanxiong', 'yanhusuo', 'bingpian', 'cerebral infarction', 'cerebral ischemia' or 'stroke' were used as keywords, and then components, targets and underlying mechanisms of JCT anti-ICS were analysed in TCMSP, TTD, DrugBank, STRING and Metascape databases up to June 2020. Male Sprague-Dawley rats under permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) model, randomly assigned as: model, sham, nimodipine (0.012 g/kg/d) and JCT (0.78, 1.56 and 3.12 g/kg/d) groups, received oral gavage administration for a week. Therapeutic effects were evaluated by detecting the proportion of cerebral infarction, neuronal apoptosis and neurological deficits. Bioactive components were detected by HPLC-MS. Molecular biology and computational docking were used to verify the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Eighty-one components, 166 targets and HIF-1α/EPO/VEGFA pathway contributed to the anti-ICS effect of JCT. JCT treatment effectively reduced the proportion of cerebral infarction (33.13%), apoptosis rate (14.80%) and neurobehavioural score (2.00). JCT increased the protein levels of HIF-1α (0.84), EPO (0.64) and VEGFA (0.69), respectively (p < 0.05). Gallic acid, salidroside, chlorogenic acid, ethyl gallate, ferulic acid and tetrahydropalmatine detected by HPLC-MS showed good interaction and binding with HIF-1α/EPO/VEGFA. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated the mechanisms of JCT anti-ICS associated with the activation of the HIF-1α/EPO/VEGFA pathway, which provided a pharmacological basis for expanding the clinical application and some scientific ideas for further research into the material basis JCT anti-ICS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinghuan Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Wentong Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Tianjin Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin, China
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12
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Tan Q, Shen X, Yang H, Xu X, Guo Y, He J, Liu Q, Du X, Wang D, Zhao L. Buffer Coefficient as a Predictor of the Prognosis of Massive Cerebral Infarction. World Neurosurg 2022; 168:e538-e545. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Zeng P, Su HF, Ye CY, Qiu SW, Shi A, Wang JZ, Zhou XW, Tian Q. A Tau Pathogenesis-Based Network Pharmacology Approach for Exploring the Protections of Chuanxiong Rhizoma in Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:877806. [PMID: 35529440 PMCID: PMC9068950 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.877806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of neurodegenerative dementia and one of the top medical concerns worldwide. Currently, the approved drugs to treat AD are effective only in treating the symptoms, but do not cure or prevent AD. Although the exact causes of AD are not understood, it is recognized that tau aggregation in neurons plays a key role. Chuanxiong Rhizoma (CR) has been widely reported as effective for brain diseases such as dementia. Thus, we explored the protections of CR in AD by a tau pathogenesis–based network pharmacology approach. According to ultra-HPLC with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry data and Lipinski’s rule of five, 18 bioactive phytochemicals of CR were screened out. They were shown corresponding to 127 tau pathogenesis–related targets, among which VEGFA, IL1B, CTNNB1, JUN, ESR1, STAT3, APP, BCL2L1, PTGS2, and PPARG were identified as the core ones. We further analyzed the specific actions of CR-active phytochemicals on tau pathogenesis from the aspects of tau aggregation and tau-mediated toxicities. It was shown that neocnidilide, ferulic acid, coniferyl ferulate, levistilide A, Z-ligustilide, butylidenephthalide, and caffeic acid can be effective in reversing tau hyperphosphorylation. Neocnidilide, senkyunolide A, butylphthalide, butylidenephthalide, Z-ligustilide, and L-tryptophan may be effective in promoting lysosome-associated degradation of tau, and levistilide A, neocnidilide, ferulic acid, L-tryptophan, senkyunolide A, Z-ligustilide, and butylidenephthalide may antagonize tau-mediated impairments of intracellular transport, axon and synaptic damages, and neuron death (especially apoptosis). The present study suggests that acting on tau aggregation and tau-mediated toxicities is part of the therapeutic mechanism of CR against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zeng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Fei Su
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao-Yuan Ye
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo-Wen Qiu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anbing Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Cell Architecture Research Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin-Wen Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xin-Wen Zhou, ; Qing Tian,
| | - Qing Tian
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xin-Wen Zhou, ; Qing Tian,
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