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Chai J, Wu J, Yang J, Ye T, Gao Y, Zeng B, Xiong W, Kotsyfakis M, Dijkgraaf I, Liu J, Chen X, Xu X. Cath-HG improves the survival rates and symptoms in LPS-induced septic mice due to its multifunctional properties. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 143:113332. [PMID: 39395379 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Revised: 10/03/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/14/2024]
Abstract
The clinical syndrome of sepsis arises from severe infection, triggering an abnormal immune response that can lead to multiple organ dysfunction and ultimately the death of the host. Current therapies for sepsis are often limited in efficacy and fail to target the complex interplay of infection, inflammation and coagulation, leading to high mortality rates, which underscores the urgent need for novel therapeutics to combat sepsis. We previously identified Cath-HG, a compound capable of alleviating platelet dysfunction by suppressing GPVI-mediated platelet activation, thereby improving the survival of septic mice subjected to cecal ligation and puncture. Here, we further explored the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, LPS-neutralizing and anticoagulant properties of Cath-HG, as well as its protective effects in LPS-induced septic mice. Our results demonstrated that Cath-HG can bind to LPS, aggregate bacteria, and disrupt bacterial cell membranes, subsequently resulting in microbial death. Unlike most other Cathelicidins, Cath-HG displayed anticoagulation properties by regulating the enzymes plasmin, thrombin, β-tryptase, chymase and tissue plasminogen activator. In septic mice, Cath-HG provided protection against sepsis induced by LPS injection and exhibited bactericidal killing, LPS neutralization and inhibition of coagulation and MAPK signal transduction. Furthermore, Cath-HG obviously reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and improved the pathological manifestations of tissue injury across multiple organs. Thus, Cath-HG emerges as a promising drug candidate for protecting against sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Chai
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Jiena Wu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jianxi Yang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tiaofei Ye
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Yihan Gao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Baishuang Zeng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Weichen Xiong
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Michail Kotsyfakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ingrid Dijkgraaf
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Junfang Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Xueqing Xu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Lu W, Xiao Z, Liao H, Xie J, Gao Y, Xiong W, Zeng Q, Deng Z, Wu J, Chai J, Chen X, Xu X. FS145, the first flea-derived disintegrin, inhibits angiogenesis through specifically binding integrin α vβ 3. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129289. [PMID: 38211910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
FS145, a protein containing a WGD motif, was previously described from the salivary transcriptome of the flea Xenopsylla cheopis. Nevertheless, its biological function and complete structure are still uncertain. Herein, FS145 was confirmed to adopt a common αββ structure with the WGD motif exposed on its surface and located right at the top of a loop composed of residues 72-81. Furthermore, FS145 dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation, adhesion, migration, and tube formation of HUVECs by not only binding to integrin αvβ3 but also by subsequently inactivating the FAK/Src/MAPK pathway along with the reduction of the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, VEGFA, bFGF, Ang2, Tie2, HIF-1α, and FAK. Moreover, FS145 also inhibited aortic vessel sprout and showed strong anti-angiogenic activities as assessed ex vivo, by employing the rat aortic ring assay, chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane, and zebrafish embryo models. Altogether, our results suggest that FS145 suppresses angiogenesis ex vivo and in vitro by blocking integrin αvβ3. The current study reveals the first anti-angiogenesis disintegrin with WGD motif from invertebrates and provides a beneficial pharmacological activity to inhibit abnormal angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wancheng Lu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhijian Xiao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hang Liao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jianpeng Xie
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yihan Gao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Weichen Xiong
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qingye Zeng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhenhui Deng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiena Wu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jinwei Chai
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Xueqing Xu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Sun Y, Li H, Duan X, Ma X, Liu C, Shang D. Chensinin-1b Alleviates DSS-Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Inducing Macrophage Switching from the M1 to the M2 Phenotype. Biomedicines 2024; 12:345. [PMID: 38397947 PMCID: PMC10886634 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Macrophage polarization is involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. Repolarization of macrophage has thus emerged as a novel therapeutic approach for managing IBD. Chensinin-1b, derived from the skin of Rana chensinensis, is a derivative of a native antimicrobial peptide (AMP). It shows anti-inflammatory effects in sepsis models and can potentially modulate macrophage polarization. The objective of this research was to study the role of chensinin-1b in macrophage polarization and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. RAW264.7 macrophages were polarized to the M1 phenotype using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and simultaneously administered chensinin-1b at various concentrations. The ability of chenisnin-1b to reorient macrophage polarization was assessed by ELISA, qRT-PCR, and flow cytometry analysis. The addition of chensinin-1b significantly restrained the expression of M1-associated proinflammatory cytokines and surface markers, including TNF-α, IL-6, NO, and CD86, and exaggerated the expression of M2-associated anti-inflammatory cytokines and surface markers, including IL-10, TGF-β1, Arg-1, Fizz1, Chil3, and CD206. Mechanistically, via Western Blotting, we revealed that chensinin-1b induces macrophage polarization from the M1 to the M2 phenotype by inhibiting the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In mouse models of colitis, intraperitoneal administration of chensinin-1b alleviated symptoms induced by DSS, including weight loss, elevated disease activity index (DAI) scores, colon shortening, colonic tissue damage, and splenomegaly. Consistent with our in vitro data, chensinin-1b induced significant decreases in the expression of M1 phenotype biomarkers and increases in the expression of M2 phenotype biomarkers in the mouse colitis model. Furthermore, chensinin-1b treatment repressesed NF-κB phosphorylation in vivo. Overall, our data showed that chensinin-1b attenuates IBD by repolarizing macrophages from the M1 to the M2 phenotype, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic candidate for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; (Y.S.)
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Huiyu Li
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; (Y.S.)
| | - Xingpeng Duan
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; (Y.S.)
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Ma
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; (Y.S.)
| | - Chenxi Liu
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; (Y.S.)
| | - Dejing Shang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; (Y.S.)
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
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Xiong W, Xie J, Liang Y, Chai J, Guo R, Zeng B, Wu J, Lai S, Zhang H, Huang X, Chen X, Xu X. Cath-DM-NT, a peptide derived from the skin of Duttaphrynus melanostictus, shows dual lectin-like and antioxidant activity. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 956:175941. [PMID: 37536626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Chansu, a mixture extracted from Duttaphrynus melanostictus or Bufo gargarizans Cantor, is a traditional Chinese medicine with a broad range of medical applications. However, the peptides/proteins in it have not received adequate attention. Herein, a Cathelicidin-DM-derived peptide named Cath-DM-NT was identified from the skin of D. melanostictus. Previous studies have shown that Cathelicidin-DM has significant antibacterial activity, while Cath-DM-NT has no antibacterial activity. In this study, Cath-DM-NT is found to have lectin-like activity which can agglutinate erythrocytes and bacteria, and bind to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition, Cath-DM-NT has antioxidant activity, which can scavenge 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and nitric oxide (NO) radicals and reduce Fe3+. Consistently, Cath-DM-NT can protect PC12 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage and carrageenan-induced paw edema, reduce malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and restore superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels. Our study suggests that Cath-DM-NT can serve as a lead compound for the development of drugs with dual lectin and antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichen Xiong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianpeng Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinwei Chai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiyin Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baishuang Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiena Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shian Lai
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Japan
| | - Haiyun Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xueqing Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Li J, Liang Y, Su M, Wu J, Chai J, Xiong W, Mo G, Chen X, Xu X. Characterization of a novel LTA/LPS-binding antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory temporin peptide from the skin of Fejervary limnocharis (Anura: Ranidae). Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 210:115471. [PMID: 36893813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Septic shock caused by Gram-positive bacteria continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units globally. Most Temporins are excellent growth inhibitors of gram-positive bacteria and candidates for developing antimicrobial treatments due to their biological action and small molecular weight. In this study, a novel Temporin peptide from the skin of Fejervarya limnocharis frog, named as Temporin-FL, was characterized. Temporin-FL was found to adopt typical α-helical conformation in SDS solution and to exhibit selective antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria through a membrane destruction mechanism. Accordingly, Temporin-FL showed protective effects against Staphylococcus aureus-induced sepsis in mice. Finally, Temporin-FL was demonstrated to exert anti-inflammatory effects by neutralizing the action of LPS/LTA and by inhibiting MAPK pathway activation. Therefore, Temporin-FL represents a novel candidate for moleculartherapy of Gram-positive bacterial sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiao Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Minhong Su
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Jiena Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jinwei Chai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Weichen Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guoxiang Mo
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China.
| | - Xueqing Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Tian M, Wang K, Liang Y, Chai J, Wu J, Zhang H, Huang X, Chen X, Xu X. The first Brevinin-1 antimicrobial peptide with LPS-neutralizing and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1102576. [PMID: 36937273 PMCID: PMC10020232 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1102576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptide is one important component of the first protective barrier of organisms. They not only have potent antimicrobial activity which can protect the body from the invading pathogens, but also participate in the immune regulation of the body. In this study, a Brevinin-1 peptide named by Brevinin-1GHd was identified from Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, and the similarity of mature peptide sequence among Brevinin-1GHd, Brevinin-1HL and Brevinin-1GHa supported the close species relationship between H. rugulosus, Hylarana latouchii and Hylarana guertheri. Moreover, the secondary structure of Brevinin-1GHd was found to possess α-helical characteristics and high thermal stability. In addition, Brevinin-1GHd could bind to LPS with a Kd value of 6.49 ± 5.40 mM and suppress the release of TNF-α, NO, IL-6 and IL-1β by inactivation of MAPK signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 cells induced by LPS. Furtherly, Brevinin-1GHd had a significant inhibitory effect on acute edema development in the right paw of mice injected by carrageenan. Thus, the significant LPS-neutralizing and anti-inflammatory activities of Brevinin-1GHd were demonstrated in this study, which made it become the first Brevinin-1 family peptide with anti-inflammatory activity reported so far, and the biological activity of Brevinin-1GHd made it promising to be a novel therapeutic drug for infectious inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinwei Chai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiena Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyun Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Xin Chen,
| | - Xueqing Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xueqing Xu,
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S100 Proteins as Novel Therapeutic Targets in Psoriasis and Other Autoimmune Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196640. [PMID: 36235175 PMCID: PMC9572071 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases affecting about 1-3% of the population. One of the characteristic abnormalities in psoriasis is the excessive production of antimicrobial peptides and proteins, which play an essential role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Antimicrobial peptides and proteins can be expressed differently in normal and diseased skin, reflecting their usefulness as diagnostic biomarkers. Moreover, due to their very important functions in innate immunity, members of host defense peptides and proteins are currently considered to be promising new therapeutic targets for many inflammatory diseases. Koebnerisin (S100A15) belongs to an S100 family of antimicrobial proteins, which constitute the multigenetic group of calcium-binding proteins involved in ion-dependent cellular functions and regulation of immune mechanisms. S100A15 was first discovered to be overexpressed in 'koebnerized' psoriatic skin, indicating its involvement in the disease phenotype and the same promising potential as a new therapeutic target. This review describes the involvement of antimicrobial peptides and proteins in inflammatory diseases' development and therapy. The discussion focuses on S100 proteins, especially koebnerisin, which may be involved in the underlying mechanism of the Köebner phenomenon in psoriasis, as well as other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases described in the last decade.
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The Strong Anti-Tumor Effect of Smp24 in Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells Depends on Its Induction of Mitochondrial Dysfunctions and ROS Accumulation. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090590. [PMID: 36136528 PMCID: PMC9502404 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of death in lung cancer due to its aggressiveness and rapid migration. The potent antitumor effect of Smp24, an antimicrobial peptide derived from Egyptian scorpion Scorpio maurus palmatus via damaging the membrane and cytoskeleton have been reported earlier. However, its effects on mitochondrial functions and ROS accumulation in human lung cancer cells remain unknown. In the current study, we discovered that Smp24 can interact with the cell membrane and be internalized into A549 cells via endocytosis, followed by targeting mitochondria and affect mitochondrial function, which significantly causes ROS overproduction, altering mitochondrial membrane potential and the expression of cell cycle distribution-related proteins, mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, MAPK, as well as PI3K/Akt/mTOR/FAK signaling pathways. In summary, the antitumor effect of Smp24 against A549 cells is related to the induction of apoptosis, autophagy plus cell cycle arrest via mitochondrial dysfunction, and ROS accumulation. Accordingly, our findings shed light on the anticancer mechanism of Smp24, which may contribute to its further development as a potential agent in the treatment of lung cancer cells.
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