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Yamashita S, Kimura S, Kiriyama A. Tumoral Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Simulation of Doxorubicin-Encapsulated Polymeric Micelles Using a Tissue-Isolated Tumor Perfusion System. Mol Pharm 2024. [PMID: 39370940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic (PK) elucidation of polymeric micelles delivering anticancer drugs is crucial for accurate antitumor PK-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) simulations. Particularly, establishing a methodology to quantify the tumor inflow and outflow of anticancer drugs encapsulated in polymeric micelles is an essential challenge. General tumor biodistribution experiments are disadvantageous in that inflow quantification is easy, but outflow quantification is challenging. We addressed this issue by proposing a quantification method that combines a tissue-isolated tumor perfusion system with microdialysis. This method aims to determine tumoral drug inflow and outflow by quantifying the drugs released from the polymeric micelles via a tumor-embedded microdialysis probe and perfusate, respectively. Furthermore, we evaluated the feasibility of this method by perfusing pH-sensitive polyethylene glycol-poly(aspartate-hydrazone-doxorubicin/phenylalanine)n (PPDF-Hyd-DOX) in a tissue-isolated tumor perfusion system, and we quantified tumor inflow and outflow released DOX. Based on the quantitative results, we performed compartmental analyses by incorporating the gamma-distributed delay function and calculated the PK rate constants. These parameters were input into a tumor-bearing rat compartment model for ex vivo-in vivo extrapolation (EVIVE) of the rat plasma PPDF-Hyd-DOX concentrations and simulated intratumorally released DOX concentrations. The simulation profiles demonstrated a good fit with the Walker 256 intratumoral released DOX concentration profiles previously reported. This EVIVE-PK model was coupled with the threshold natural-growth tumor PD model, and PK-PD analysis was performed. This model exhibited a better fit to the tumor weight profile of Walker 256-bearing rats treated with PPDF-Hyd-DOX than that of our previously reported PK-PD model. Thus, EVIVE, based on a tissue-isolated tumor perfusion system with microdialysis, is a promising approach for the PK-PD simulation of polymeric micelle anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugo Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kimura
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan
| | - Akiko Kiriyama
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan
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Leasure CS, Neuert G. Modelling patient drug exposure profiles in vitro to narrow the valley of death. NATURE REVIEWS BIOENGINEERING 2024; 2:196-197. [PMID: 38873361 PMCID: PMC11175168 DOI: 10.1038/s44222-024-00160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S. Leasure
- The Office of Biomedical Research Education and Training, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Gregor Neuert
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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Erickson P, Jetley G, Amin P, Mejevdiwala A, Patel A, Cheng K, Parekkadan B. A cell culture system to model pharmacokinetics using adjustable-volume perfused mixing chambers. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 91:105623. [PMID: 37236431 PMCID: PMC10526707 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of a drug is an essential factor in determining its efficacy, yet it is often neglected during in vitro cell culture experiments. Here, we present a system in which standard well plate cultures may be "plugged in" and perfused with PK drug profiles. Timed drug boluses or infusions are passed through a mixing chamber that simulates the PK volume of distribution specific to the desired drug. The user-specified PK drug profile generated by the mixing chamber passes through the incubated well plate culture, exposing cells to in vivo-like PK drug dynamics. The effluent stream from the culture may then optionally be fractionated and collected by a fraction collector. This low-cost system requires no custom parts and perfuses up to six cultures in parallel. This paper demonstrates a range of PK profiles the system can produce using a tracer dye, describes how to find the correct mixing chamber volumes to mimic PK profiles of drugs of interest, and presents a study exploring the effects of differing PK exposure on a model of lymphoma treatment with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Erickson
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Gunjan Jetley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Param Amin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Aamena Mejevdiwala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ashna Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kelli Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Biju Parekkadan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Medicine, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ 08852, USA.
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Fu J, Qiu H, Tan CS. Microfluidic Liver-on-a-Chip for Preclinical Drug Discovery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041300. [PMID: 37111785 PMCID: PMC10141038 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug discovery is an expensive, long, and complex process, usually with a high degree of uncertainty. In order to improve the efficiency of drug development, effective methods are demanded to screen lead molecules and eliminate toxic compounds in the preclinical pipeline. Drug metabolism is crucial in determining the efficacy and potential side effects, mainly in the liver. Recently, the liver-on-a-chip (LoC) platform based on microfluidic technology has attracted widespread attention. LoC systems can be applied to predict drug metabolism and hepatotoxicity or to investigate PK/PD (pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics) performance when combined with other artificial organ-on-chips. This review discusses the liver physiological microenvironment simulated by LoC, especially the cell compositions and roles. We summarize the current methods of constructing LoC and the pharmacological and toxicological application of LoC in preclinical research. In conclusion, we also discussed the limitations of LoC in drug discovery and proposed a direction for improvement, which may provide an agenda for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Fu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hailong Qiu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystal, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Cherie S Tan
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Apical Medium Flow Influences the Morphology and Physiology of Human Proximal Tubular Cells in a Microphysiological System. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9100516. [PMID: 36290484 PMCID: PMC9598399 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of physiologically relevant in vitro human kidney models for disease modelling and detecting drug-induced effects given the limited choice of cells and difficulty implementing quasi-physiological culture conditions. We investigated the influence of fluid shear stress on primary human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs) cultured in the micro-physiological Vitrofluid device. This system houses cells seeded on semipermeable membranes and can be connected to a regulable pump that enables controlled, unidirectional flow. After 7 days in culture, RPTECs maintained physiological characteristics such as barrier integrity, protein uptake ability, and expression of specific transporters (e.g., aquaporin-1). Exposure to constant apical side flow did not cause cytotoxicity, cell detachment, or intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation. However, unidirectional flow profoundly affected cell morphology and led to primary cilia lengthening and alignment in the flow direction. The dynamic conditions also reduced cell proliferation, altered plasma membrane leakiness, increased cytokine secretion, and repressed histone deacetylase 6 and kidney injury molecule 1 expression. Cells under flow also remained susceptible to colistin-induced toxicity. Collectively, the results suggest that dynamic culture conditions in the Vitrofluid system promote a more differentiated phenotype in primary human RPTECs and represent an improved in vitro kidney model.
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Circuit-Based Design of Microfluidic Drop Networks. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13071124. [PMID: 35888941 PMCID: PMC9315978 DOI: 10.3390/mi13071124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic-drop networks consist of several stable drops—interconnected through microfluidic channels—in which organ models can be cultured long-term. Drop networks feature a versatile configuration and an air–liquid interface (ALI). This ALI provides ample oxygenation, rapid liquid turnover, passive degassing, and liquid-phase stability through capillary pressure. Mathematical modeling, e.g., by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), is a powerful tool to design drop-based microfluidic devices and to optimize their operation. Although CFD is the most rigorous technique to model flow, it falls short in terms of computational efficiency. Alternatively, the hydraulic–electric analogy is an efficient “first-pass” method to explore the design and operation parameter space of microfluidic-drop networks. However, there are no direct electric analogs to a drop, due to the nonlinear nature of the capillary pressure of the ALI. Here, we present a circuit-based model of hanging- and standing-drop compartments. We show a phase diagram describing the nonlinearity of the capillary pressure of a hanging drop. This diagram explains how to experimentally ensure drop stability. We present a methodology to find flow rates and pressures within drop networks. Finally, we review several applications, where the method, outlined in this paper, was instrumental in optimizing design and operation.
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