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Pal A, Wu F, Walenga R, Tsakalozou E, Alam K, Gong Y, Zhao L, Fang L. Leveraging Modeling and Simulation to Enhance the Efficiency of Bioequivalence Approaches for Generic Drugs: Highlights from the 2023 Generic Drug Science and Research Initiatives Public Workshop. AAPS J 2024; 26:45. [PMID: 38589695 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-024-00916-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The 2023 Generic Drug Science and Research Initiative Public Workshop organized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) discussed the research needs to improve and enhance bioequivalence (BE) approaches for generic drug development. FDA takes such research needs and panel discussions into account to develop its Generic Drug User Fee Amendments III (GDUFA III) Science and Research Initiatives specific to generics. During the five workshop sessions, presentations and panel discussions focused on identifying and addressing scientific gaps and research needs related to nitrosamine impurity issues, BE assessment for oral products, innovative BE approaches for long-acting injectable products, alternative BE approaches for orally inhaled products, and advanced BE methods for topical products. Specifically, this report highlights the discussions on how to improve BE assessment for developing generic drug products based on research priorities for leveraging quantitative methods and modeling, as well as artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindom Pal
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Fang Wu
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Ross Walenga
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Eleftheria Tsakalozou
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Khondoker Alam
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuqing Gong
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Lanyan Fang
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
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Shuklinova O, Wyszogrodzka-Gaweł G, Baran E, Lisowski B, Wiśniowska B, Dorożyński P, Kulinowski P, Polak S. Can 3D Printed Tablets Be Bioequivalent and How to Test It: A PBPK Model Based Virtual Bioequivalence Study for Ropinirole Modified Release Tablets. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:259. [PMID: 38399313 PMCID: PMC10893163 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
As the field of personalized dosing develops, the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry needs to offer flexibility in terms of tailoring the drug release and strength to the individual patient's needs. One of the promising tools which have such capacity is 3D printing technology. However, manufacturing small batches of drugs for each patient might lead to huge test burden, including the need to conduct bioequivalence trials of formulations to support the change of equipment or strength. In this paper we demonstrate how to use 3D printing in conjunction with virtual bioequivalence trials based on physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. For this purpose, we developed 3D printed ropinirole formulations and tested their bioequivalence with the reference product Polpix. The Simcyp simulator and previously developed ropinirole PBPK model were used for the clinical trial simulations. The Weibull-fitted dissolution profiles of test and reference formulations were used as inputs for the model. The virtual bioequivalence trials were run using parallel design. The study power of 80% was reached using 125 individuals. The study demonstrated how to use PBPK modeling in conjunction with 3D printing to test the virtual bioequivalence of newly developed formulations. This virtual experiment demonstrated the bioequivalence of one of the newly developed formulations with a reference product available on a market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olha Shuklinova
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Łazarza St., 31-530 Kraków, Poland
- Simcyp Division, Certara UK Limited, Level 2-Acero, 1 Concourse Way, Sheffield S1 2BJ, UK;
| | - Gabriela Wyszogrodzka-Gaweł
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (G.W.-G.); (B.L.); (B.W.); (P.D.)
| | - Ewelina Baran
- Institute of Technology, University of the National Education Commission, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland; (E.B.); (P.K.)
| | - Bartosz Lisowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (G.W.-G.); (B.L.); (B.W.); (P.D.)
| | - Barbara Wiśniowska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (G.W.-G.); (B.L.); (B.W.); (P.D.)
| | - Przemysław Dorożyński
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (G.W.-G.); (B.L.); (B.W.); (P.D.)
| | - Piotr Kulinowski
- Institute of Technology, University of the National Education Commission, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland; (E.B.); (P.K.)
| | - Sebastian Polak
- Simcyp Division, Certara UK Limited, Level 2-Acero, 1 Concourse Way, Sheffield S1 2BJ, UK;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (G.W.-G.); (B.L.); (B.W.); (P.D.)
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Walenga RL, Babiskin AH, Bhoopathy S, Clarke JF, De Backer J, Ducharme M, Kelly M, Le Merdy M, Yoon M, Roy P. Use of the Same Model or Modeling Strategy Across Multiple Submissions: Focus on Complex Drug Products. AAPS J 2024; 26:12. [PMID: 38177638 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00879-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows that there is an increasing use of modeling and simulation to support product development and approval for complex generic drug products in the USA, which includes the use of mechanistic modeling and model-integrated evidence (MIE). The potential for model reuse was the subject of a workshop session summarized in this review, where the session included presentations and a panel discussion from members of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), academia, and the generic drug product industry. Concepts such as platform performance assessment and MIE standardization were introduced to provide potential frameworks for model reuse related to mechanistic models and MIE, respectively. The capability of models to capture formulation and product differences was explored, and challenges with model validation were addressed for drug product classes including topical, orally inhaled, ophthalmic, and long-acting injectable drug products. An emphasis was placed on the need for communication between FDA and the generic drug industry to continue to foster maturation of modeling and simulation that may support complex generic drug product development and approval, via meetings and published guidance from FDA. The workshop session provided a snapshot of the current state of modeling and simulation for complex generic drug products and offered opportunities to explore the use of such models across multiple drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross L Walenga
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Andrew H Babiskin
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sid Bhoopathy
- Pharmaron US Lab Services and CGT, Exton, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Murray Ducharme
- Learn and Confirm Inc., St-Laurent, Québec, Canada
- University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Miyoung Yoon
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Partha Roy
- Office of Bioequivalence, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Tsakalozou E, Mohamed MEF, Polak S, Heimbach T. Applications of Modeling and Simulation Approaches in Support of Drug Product Development of Oral Dosage Forms and Locally Acting Drug Products: a Symposium Summary. AAPS J 2023; 25:96. [PMID: 37783902 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00862-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of modeling and simulation applications, including physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, physiologically based biopharmaceutics modeling (PBBM), and empirical models, has been constantly increasing along with the regulatory acceptance of these methodologies. While aiming at minimizing unnecessary human testing, these methodologies are used today to support the development and approval of novel drug products and generics. Modeling approaches are leveraged today for assessing drug-drug interaction, informing dose adjustments in renally or hepatically impaired patients, perform dose selection in pediatrics and pregnant women and diseased populations, and conduct biopharmaceutics-related assessments such as establish clinically relevant specifications for drug products and achieve quality assurance throughout the product life cycle. In the generics space, PBPK analyses are utilized toward virtual bioequivalence assessments within the scope of alternative bioequivalence approaches, product-specific guidance development, and food effect assessments among others. Case studies highlighting the evolving and expanding role of modeling and simulation approaches within the biopharmaceutics space were presented at the symposium titled "Model Informed Drug Development (MIDD): Role in Dose Selection, Vulnerable Populations, and Biowaivers - Chemical Entities" and Prologue "PBPK/PBBM to inform the Bioequivalence Safe Space, Food Effects, and pH-mediated DDIs" at the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) PharmSci 360 Annual Meeting in Boston, MA, on October 16-19, 2022, and are summarized here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Tsakalozou
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards (ORS), Office of Generic Drugs (OGD), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
| | | | - Sebastian Polak
- Certara UK, Simcyp Division, Sheffield, UK
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tycho Heimbach
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, USA
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