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Wu DF, Yin RX, Deng JL. Homocysteine, hyperhomocysteinemia, and H-type hypertension. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2024; 31:1092-1103. [PMID: 38236144 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulphur-containing nonessential amino acid derived from the intermediate metabolites of methionine. Methionine is obtained from dietary proteins, such as poultry, meat, eggs, seafood, and dairy products. Abnormalities in Hcy metabolic pathways, deficiencies in dietary methionine, folate, and vitamins B12, B6, and B2 and genetic defects, polymorphisms, or mutations in Hcy metabolism-related enzymes may lead to an increase in plasma Hcy levels. Generally, a plasma Hcy level higher than 10 or 15 μmol/L has been defined as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). An individual with essential hypertension complicated with HHcy is considered to have H-type hypertension (HTH). Currently, HHcy is considered a novel independent risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases. To provide a useful reference for clinicians, the research progress on Hcy, HHcy, and HTH in recent years was systematically reviewed here, with a focus on the source and metabolic pathways of Hcy, plasma Hcy levels and influencing factors, detection methods for plasma Hcy levels, relationship between Hcy concentration and hypertension, pathogenesis of HTH, cardiovascular complications of HTH, and treatment of HTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Feng Wu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xing Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Long Deng
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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Wu J, Pan H, Shen L, Zhao M. Assessing the safety of bedaquiline: insight from adverse event reporting system analysis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1382441. [PMID: 38783951 PMCID: PMC11111899 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1382441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The development and marketing of Bedaquiline (BDQ) represent significant advancements in treating tuberculosis, particularly multidrug-resistant forms. However, comprehensive research into BDQ's real-world safety remains limited. Purpose We obtained BDQ related adverse event (AE) information from the US Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) to assess its safety and inform drug usage. Methods The AE data for BDQ from 2012 Q4 to 2023 Q3 was collected and standardized. Disproportionality analysis, including Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), Multi-item Gamma Poisson Shrinker (MGPS), and Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN) was used to quantify signals of BDQ-related AEs. Logistic regression was used to analyze the individual data of hepatotoxicity and drug-induced liver injury, and multiple linear regression models were established. Additionally, network pharmacology was employed to identify the potential biological mechanisms of BDQ-induced liver injury. Results We identified 2017 case reports directly related to BDQ. Our analysis identified 341 Preferred Terms (PTs) characterizing these AEs across 27 System Organ Classes (SOC). An important discovery was the identification of AEs associated with ear and labyrinth disorders, which had not been documented in the drug's official leaflet before. Subgroup analysis revealed a negative correlation between BDQ-related liver injury and females (OR: 0.4, 95%CI: 0.3-0.6). In addition, via network pharmacology approach, a total of 76 potential targets for BDQ related liver injury were predicted, and 11 core target genes were selected based on the characterization of protein-protein interactions. The pathway linked to BDQ-induced liver injury was identified, and it was determined that the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway contained the highest number of associated genes. Conclusion The analysis of the FAERS database revealed adverse events linked to BDQ, prompting the use of a network pharmacology approach to study the potential molecular mechanism of BDQ-induced liver injury. These findings emphasized the significance of drug safety and offered understanding into the mechanisms behind BDQ-induced liver injury. BDQ demonstrated distinct advantages, including reduced incidence of certain adverse events compared to traditional treatments such as injectable agents and second-line drugs. However, it is important to acknowledge the limitations of this analysis, including potential underreporting and confounding factors. This study provides valuable insights into the safety of BDQ and its role in the management of MDR-TB, emphasizing the need for continued surveillance and monitoring to ensure its safe and effective use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiang Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi No.5 People’s Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Li H, Wang L, Zhang H, Yu W, Li Y, Jiang H, Wang D, Wang Y. Study on material basis and anti-hypertensive metabolomics of Zhengan-Xifeng-Tang(ZXT): A comparison between ZXT decoction and granules. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1236:124063. [PMID: 38447242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
High blood pressure is a serious human health problem and one of the leading risk factors for fatal complications in cardiovascular disease. The ZXT granules were prepared based on the Zhengan-Xifeng-Tang (ZXT) decoction. However, the therapeutic effects of ZXT granules on spontaneous hypertension and the metabolic pathways in which they may intervene are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the antihypertensive effect of ZXT granules on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and to analyze the metabolic pathway of intervention through chemical composition characterization, pharmacodynamics, and serum metabolomics analysis. After eight weeks of administration, serum and aortic arch samples were collected for biochemical, histopathology and serum metabolomics analysis to assess the effect of ZXT granules on SHR. The results showed that ZXT granules reduced aortic arch injury and blood pressure in SHR rats. Serum data from rats in each group was collected using LC-MS and 74 potential biomarkers were identified that showed significant differences between the model and control groups. Of these, 18 potential biomarkers were found to be deregulated after intervention with ZXT granules. These 18 potential differential metabolic markers are primarily involved in bile acid biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism pathway, and fatty acid degradation. The results demonstrated that ZXT granules significantly affected blood lipids, aortic arch, and metabolic disorders in SHR rats. ZXT granules offer a new possibility for effective and convenient treatment of hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Wenchi Yu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yunlun Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Haiqing Jiang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Danyang Wang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China.
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Shu L, Dai Q, Zhu P, Tan H, Wu T. Banxia Baizhu Tianma Tang decoction and modified Taohong Siwu combined with Western medicine to treat a patient with severe stenosis of the middle cerebral artery: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36949. [PMID: 38241537 PMCID: PMC10798759 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Intracranial artery stenosis is an important cause of ischemic stroke, and MCA is one of the most common vessels causing intracranial artery stenosis. At present, there are 3 main treatments for MCA stenosis: medical drug therapy, surgery, and endovascular interventional therapy. PATIENT CONCERNS We report a patient with severe middle cerebral artery stenosis, including his imaging and clinical manifestations. DIAGNOSIS Severe stenosis of middle cerebral artery. INTERVENTIONS Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction combined with Taohong Siwu decoction combined with western medicine. OUTCOMES The stenosis of M1 segment of middle cerebral artery was significantly improved, the stenosis rate was reduced from 70% to 30%, and the clinical symptoms of the patients basically disappeared. LESSONS Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction combined with Taohong Siwu plus subtraction combined with western medicine is effective in the treatment of middle cerebral artery stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Shu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, China
| | - Qinghai Dai
- The First Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, China
| | - Hongtu Tan
- The First Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Encephalopathy Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, China
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Ying Z, Sui G, Jia L, Yang G. Simultaneous Determination of Three Compounds in Rat Plasma by UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS and Its Application to Pharmacokinetics of Banxia Baizhu Tianma Tang. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2023; 2023:5119997. [PMID: 36691570 PMCID: PMC9867583 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5119997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and highly selective and sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS) method was applied to simultaneously determine ephedrine, gastrodin, and liquiritin in rat plasma. The three analytes and vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside (I.S.) were analyzed on a Waters Acquity UPLC C18 column (1.7 μm, 2.1 mm × 100 mm) at 30°C with gradient mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (A) and acetonitrile (B) after one-step direct protein precipitation with acetonitrile. The detection was performed by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode via electrospray ionization (ESI) source in positive and negative ion modes. The product ions m/z 166.1⟶148.1, 285.1⟶123.1, 417.1⟶255.1, and 579.0⟶433.1 were used for determination of ephedrine, gastrodin, liquiritin, and I.S., respectively. The calibration curves of the three analytes were linear with r 2 greater than 0.994. The intra and interday precision RSD% was less than 11.5 and 13.4. The intra and interday precision RE% was between -10.4% and 9.33%. The average extraction recoveries of the three analytes were no less than 86.88 ± 1.08%. The developed and validated method was for the first time applied to the pharmacokinetics of three compounds in rat plasma after intragastric administration of Banxia Baizhu Tianma Tang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheming Ying
- The First Clinical College of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guoyuan Sui
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lianqun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guanlin Yang
- The First Clinical College of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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