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Ouyang J, Li H, Wu G, Hei B, Liu R. Platycodin D inhibits glioblastoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by regulating DEPDC1B-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 958:176074. [PMID: 37742812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platycodin D (PD) is a potent bioactive constituent in the medicinal herb Platycodon grandiflorum. It has shown anticancer properties, particularly against glioblastoma (GB) and other human malignancies. DEPDC1B (DEP domain-containing protein 1B) is an oncogene associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). It is highly expressed in GB and correlated with tumor grade and patient prognosis. In this study, we investigated whether the antiglioma effect of PD was associated with downregulation of DEPDC1B. METHODS Gene expression and clinical data were obtained from the China Glioma Genome Atlas and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases for glioma samples. In vitro experiments were conducted using Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell assays to assess the impact of PD on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GB cells. mRNA and protein expression was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. RESULTS PD exerted inhibitory effects on the proliferation and motility of GB cells. PD downregulated DEPDC1B protein as well as several markers associated with EMT, namely N-cadherin, vimentin, and Snail. The suppressive effects of PD were enhanced when DEPDC1B was knocked down in GB cells, while overexpression of DEPDC1B in cells reversed the inhibitory effects of PD. CONCLUSION PD exerts an antiglioma effect by regulating DEPDC1B-mediated EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ouyang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Haima Li
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyong Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Hei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruen Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China; Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Yang T, Zhao S, Yuan Y, Zhao X, Bu F, Zhang Z, Li Q, Li Y, Wei Z, Sun X, Zhang Y, Xie J. Platycodonis Radix Alleviates LPS-Induced Lung Inflammation through Modulation of TRPA1 Channels. Molecules 2023; 28:5213. [PMID: 37446875 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Platycodonis Radix (PR), a widely consumed herbal food, and its bioactive constituents, platycodins, have therapeutic potential for lung inflammation. Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), which is essential for the control of inflammation, may be involved in the development of inflammation in the lungs. The aim of this study was to determine the TRPA1-targeted effects of PR against pulmonary inflammation and to investigate the affinity of PR constituents for TRPA1 and their potential mechanisms of action. Using a C57BL/6J mouse lipopolysaccharides (LPS) intratracheal instillation pneumonia model and advanced analytical techniques (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, molecular docking, immuno-fluorescence), five platycodins were isolated from PR, and the interaction between these platycodins and hTRPA1 was verified. Additionally, we analyzed the impact of platycodins on LPS-induced TRPA1 expression and calcium influx in BEAS-2B cells. The results indicated that PR treatment significantly reduced the severity of LPS-triggered inflammation in the mouse model. Interestingly, there was a mild increase in the expression of TRPA1 caused by PR in healthy mice. Among five isolated platycodins identified in the PR extract, Platycodin D3 (PD3) showed the highest affinity for hTRPA1. The interaction between platycodins and TRPA1 was verified through molecular docking methods, highlighting the significance of the S5-S6 pore-forming loop in TRPA1 and the unique structural attributes of platycodins. Furthermore, PD3 significantly reduced LPS-induced TRPA1 expression and calcium ion influx in BEAS-2B cells, substantiating its own role as an effective TRPA1 modulator. In conclusion, PR and platycodins, especially PD3, show promise as potential lung inflammation therapeutics. Further research should explore the precise mechanisms by which platycodins modulate TRPA1 and their broader therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- College of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Fanjie Bu
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yaxin Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zilu Wei
- College of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiuyan Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Junbo Xie
- College of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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Liu P, Zhao M, Lin Y, Jiang X, Xia T, Li Y, Lu Y, Jiang L. Platycodin D induces proliferation inhibition and mitochondrial apoptosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Exp Hematol 2023:S0301-472X(23)00160-1. [PMID: 37085039 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have unsatisfactory outcomes especially when relapse occurs after initial chemotherapy. Platycodin D (PD), a triterpenoid saponin isolated from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC., has demonstrated potent anti-cancer activities. So far, however, information regarding the effect of PD on malignant lymphoma remains unavailable. In the present study, we showed that PD dose-dependently inhibited the viability of a serial of established DLBCL cell lines representing different molecular subtypes, and their sensitivities to PD were comparable. Mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent intrinsic apoptosis were induced by PD, as indicated by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and the increase in the percentage of Annexin Ⅴ positive cells. Mechanistically, PD treatment downregulated expression levels of anti-apoptotic proteins including MCL-1, BCL-2, and BCL-XL, while upregulated the expression level of pro-apoptotic protein BAK, followed by the cleavage of PARP. Moreover, PD synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity of BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax. In a SUDHL-4-derived xenograft mouse model, PD administration significantly constrained the tumor growth without obvious side effects. Therefore, our results provided new insights into the role of PD in lymphoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengting Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Pathogenic Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ye Lin
- Department of Pathology and Pathogenic Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Pathogenic Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China;; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianhao Xia
- Ningbo Institute of Measurement and Testing (Ningbo Inspection and Testing Center for New Materials), Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Youhong Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathogenic Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China;; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Pathogenic Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China;; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China;.
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Xie L, Zhao YX, Zheng Y, Li XF. The pharmacology and mechanisms of platycodin D, an active triterpenoid saponin from Platycodon grandiflorus. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1148853. [PMID: 37089949 PMCID: PMC10117678 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1148853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese doctors widely prescribed Platycodon grandiflorus A. DC. (PG) to treat lung carbuncles in ancient China. Modern clinical experiences have demonstrated that PG plays a crucial role in treating chronic pharyngitis, plum pneumonia, pneumoconiosis, acute and chronic laryngitis, and so forth. Additionally, PG is a food with a long history in China, Japan, and Korea. Furthermore, Platycodin D (PLD), an oleanane-type triterpenoid saponin, is one of the active substances in PG. PLD has been revealed to have anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-oxidation, anti-obesity, anticoagulant, spermicidal, anti-tumor etc., activities. And the mechanism of the effects draws lots of attention, with various signaling pathways involved in these processes. Additionally, research on PLD’s pharmacokinetics and extraction processes is under study. The bioavailability of PLD could be improved by being prescribed with Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. or by creating a new dosage form. PLD has been recently considered to have the potential to be a solubilizer or an immunologic adjuvant. Meanwhile, PLD was discovered to have hemolytic activity correlated. PLD has broad application prospects and reveals practical pharmacological activities in pre-clinical research. The authors believe that these activities of PLD contribute to the efficacy of PG. What is apparent is that the clinical translation of PLD still has a long way to go. With the help of modern technology, the scope of clinical applications of PLD is probable to be expanded from traditional applications to new fields.
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