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Shi L, Luo J, Wei X, Xu X, Tu L. The protective role of ginsenoside Rg3 in heart diseases and mental disorders. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1327033. [PMID: 38469409 PMCID: PMC10926849 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1327033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg3, a compound derived from Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., is increasingly recognized for its wide range of pharmacological effects. Under the worldwide healthcare challenges posed by heart diseases, Rg3 stands out as a key subject in modern research on Chinese herbal medicine, offering a novel approach to therapy. Mental illnesses are significant contributors to global disease mortality, and there is a well-established correlation between cardiac and psychiatric conditions. This connection is primarily due to dysfunctions in the sympathetic-adrenomedullary system (SAM), the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor impairment. This review provides an in-depth analysis of Rg3's therapeutic benefits and its pharmacological actions in treating cardiac and mental health disorders respectively. Highlighting its potential for the management of these conditions, Rg3 emerges as a promising, multifunctional therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Shi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinlan Luo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiupan Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xizhen Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
- Division of Cardiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Tu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
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Noorazar SG, Mirzaei M, Kalejahi P. Iranian Traditional Medicine for Treatment of Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity in Children: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 53:280-292. [PMID: 38894827 PMCID: PMC11182478 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v53i2.14913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex etiology. Stimulants as a first-line treatment are not effective in some cases. In this study, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy of traditional Persian Iranian medicine (TIM) for children and adolescents with ADHD. Methods Data were collected mainly from PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Scopus databases until Dec 2022. The keywords related to ADHD, traditional Persian medicine (TPM), and (TIM) were searched. Two reviewers independently screened 714 abstracts and eventually, eight trials were included in the systematic reviews. Changes in the severity of ADHD symptoms were considered based on the validated cutoff on recognized rating scales as the result of the effect of TIM on ADHD. Results Interventions included herbal extracts of Passiflora incarnate, whey protein, Ginkgo biloba, Crocus sativus L, sweet almond syrup, and horse milk. In all studies, except G. biloba, there was evidence of a reduction in the severity of ADHD. Low evidence could be found for G. biloba. Conclusion Herbal and traditional remedies are an efficient and safe solution to alleviate the symptoms of ADHD. In future studies, TIM as a complementary therapy may be useful to alleviate ADHD symptoms, especially in children who are resistant to stimulant medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Gholamreza Noorazar
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Mirzaei
- Department of Persian Medicine, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parinaz Kalejahi
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Seyedi-Sahebari S, Farhang S, Araj-Khodaei M, Akhondzadeh S, Naseri A, Sanaie S, Frounchi N. The Effects of Crocus sativus (Saffron) on ADHD: A Systematic Review. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:14-24. [PMID: 37864351 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231203176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Crocus sativus also known as saffron, is one of the most popular traditional plants. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of saffron extracts in ADHD. METHOD This study includes clinical trial studies that assessed the efficacy and/or safety of saffron in ADHD patients. Non-English papers, review articles, commentaries, letters, observational studies, thesis, animal studies, in-vitro studies, and conference abstracts were not included. The risk of bias in randomized studies was evaluated based on the Cochrane RoB.2, and risk of bias in pre-post intervention studies was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. RESULTS Four studies met our inclusion criteria with a total of 118 patients. The results manifested an efficient role of saffron as either an adjuvant therapy to MPH or a single therapy against ADHD, without significant safety issues. DISCUSSION Saffron demonstrates promise in improving ADHD symptoms, with an acceptable safety profile. Future well-designed multicentral studies are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Farhang
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Shahin Akhondzadeh
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Naseri
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Iranian EBM Centre: A Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Center of Excellence, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sarvin Sanaie
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Negin Frounchi
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Iranian EBM Centre: A Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Center of Excellence, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Pereira TM, Bonatto CC, Silva LP. Rapid and Versatile Biosensing of Liposome Encapsulation Efficiency Using Electrical Conductivity Sensor. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:878. [PMID: 37754112 PMCID: PMC10526778 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are prominent nanosystems for drug delivery, with potential extending beyond isolated drugs. Ethanol-aqueous plant extracts can be encapsulated within liposomes to protect bioactive compounds (secondary metabolites) from rapid oxidation and enable sustained release. Determining which compound classes are present in each extract and the encapsulation efficiency (EE) of these extracts in liposomes is crucial for nanocarrier functionality. This involves assessing the ratio of bioactive substances within liposomes to the total content. However, quantifying EE for non-isolated compounds poses challenges due to the need for advanced analytical equipment and biosensing approaches. This study introduces an innovative method for EE quantification, using a conductivity electrode (k = 0.842/cm) to establish an EE biosensing technology. By correlating dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential (ZP), and electrical conductivity (Cnd) data with the conductivity meter's calibration curve, a robust relationship between the free extract concentration and Cnd (r2 ≥ 0.950) was established. Lavender-loaded liposomes demonstrated an EE of 56.33%, while wormwood and oregano formulations exhibited high EEs of 94.33% and 91.70%, respectively. In contrast, sage-loaded liposomes exhibited an inadequate EE, encapsulating only approximately 0.57% of the extract. The straightforward quantification of the free extract within liposome formulations, compared to more complex approaches, could facilitate EE determination and support future characterizations.
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Grants
- 001 and 23038.019088/2009- 58 Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
- 311825/2021-4, 307853/2018-7, 408857/2016-1, 306413/2014-0, and 563802/2010-3 National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
- 193.001.392/2016 Foundation for Research Support of the Federal District
- 10.20.03.009.00.00, 23.17.00.069.00.02, 13.17.00.037.00.00, 21.14.03.001.03.05, 13.14.03.010.00.02, 12.16.04.010.00.06, 22.16.05.016.00.04, and 11.13.06.001.06.03 Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Melo Pereira
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia (LNANO), Parque Estação Biológica, Final W5 Norte, Brasília 70770-917, DF, Brazil; (T.M.P.); (C.C.B.)
- Postgraduate Program in Life Sciences (Molecular Biology), University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Cínthia Caetano Bonatto
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia (LNANO), Parque Estação Biológica, Final W5 Norte, Brasília 70770-917, DF, Brazil; (T.M.P.); (C.C.B.)
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Botanical Garden, Curitiba 80210-170, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciano Paulino Silva
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia (LNANO), Parque Estação Biológica, Final W5 Norte, Brasília 70770-917, DF, Brazil; (T.M.P.); (C.C.B.)
- Postgraduate Program in Life Sciences (Molecular Biology), University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Botanical Garden, Curitiba 80210-170, PR, Brazil
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Abed M, Mansureh HH, Masoud GAL, Elaheh H, Mohammad-Hossein NHK, Yamin BD, Abdol-Hossein V. Construction of Meta-Thinking Educational Program Based on Mental-Brain Simulation ( MTMBS) and Evaluating its Effectiveness on Executive Functions, Emotion Regulation, and Impulsivity in Children With ADHD: A Resting-State Functional MRI Study. J Atten Disord 2023; 27:1223-1251. [PMID: 36843348 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231155436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of present research was to make a Meta-Thinking educational program based on mental-brain simulation and to evaluate its effectiveness on executive functions, emotion regulation and impulsivity in children with ADHD. METHODS The research method was Embedded Design: Embedded Experimental Model. The research sample included 32 children with ADHD who were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The intervention was implemented for eight sessions of 1.5 hr for the experimental group, and fMRI images were taken from them, while the control group didn't receive any treatment. Finally, using semi-structured interviews, coherent information was collected from the parents of the experimental group about the changes made. Data were analyzed with SPSS-24, MAXQDA, fMRIprep, and FSL software. RESULTS The Meta-Thinking Educational Program had effect on performance of ADHD children and suppressed brain regions related to DMN. CONCLUSION The Implementation of this educational program plays a vital role in improving psychological problems of children with ADHD.
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Lee J. A National Survey on the Clinical Practice Patterns of Korean Medicine Doctors for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children and Adolescents. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1490. [PMID: 37761451 PMCID: PMC10529033 DOI: 10.3390/children10091490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
To alleviate the symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and reduce the side effects of psychostimulants, parents are opting for complementary and alternative medicine as a therapeutic option. Korean medicine (KM) has been used by Korean medicine doctors (KMDs) to treat ADHD with herbal medication and acupuncture. This study aimed to conduct a cross-sectional survey on the clinical practice patterns of KM for ADHD in children targeting KMDs. The questionnaire included aspects related to patient characteristics, diagnosis, treatment modalities, and perceptions regarding KM. Questionnaires were distributed to all KMDs via e-mail, and the online surveys were conducted from 1 to 15 February 2023. A total 2.1% of KMDs (n = 537/25,574) completed the survey. The predominant diagnostic pattern identification employed was "depressed liver qi transforming into fire" (19.8%). Herbal medicine (HM) was the most common treatment (44.2%). The most frequently used HM prescriptions were Ondam-tang (16.9%), Eokgan-san (15.7%), and Sihogayonggolmoryeo-tang (14.4%). KMDs recognized HM as the most effective among the KM treatments (54.3%). The results of this study elucidate the current clinical practice patterns of KM for ADHD. Based on these findings, a treatment protocol can be developed to provide optimized KM treatment services to patients with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Lee
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, 136 Sinchendong-ro, Suseong-gu, Daegu 42158, Republic of Korea
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Kulić Ž, Lehner MD, Dietz GPH. Ginkgo biloba leaf extract EGb 761® as a paragon of the product by process concept. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1007746. [PMID: 36304165 PMCID: PMC9593214 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1007746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is an often-neglected fact that extracts derived from the very same plant can differ significantly in their phytochemical composition, and thus also in their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties which are the basis for their clinical efficacy and safety. The Ginkgo biloba L. [Ginkgoaceae] special extract EGb 761® is one of the best-studied plant extracts in the world. In the present review, using that extract as a paradigm, we describe insights how climate, the harvest region, processing of the plant material, the drying process, the extraction solvents, and the details of the subsequent process steps substantially impact the quality and uniformity of the final extract. We highlight the importance of regulating active constituent levels and consistent reduction of undesired substances in herbal extracts. This is accomplished by a controlled production process and corresponding analytical specifications. In conclusion, since extracts derived from the same plant can have very different phytochemical compositions, results from pharmacological, toxicological and clinical studies gained with one specific extract cannot be extrapolated to other extracts that were generated using different production processes. We propose that the heterogenous nature of extracts should be meticulously considered when evaluating the efficacy and safety of plant-derived remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žarko Kulić
- Preclinical Research and Development, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH and Co., KG, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martin D. Lehner
- Preclinical Research and Development, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH and Co., KG, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gunnar P. H. Dietz
- Global Medical Affairs, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH and Co., KG, Karlsruhe, Germany
- University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Gunnar P. H. Dietz,
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