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Rodríguez-Nuévalos S, Espinosa M, Leyva-Pérez A. Soluble individual metal atoms and ultrasmall clusters catalyze key synthetic steps of a natural product synthesis. Commun Chem 2024; 7:76. [PMID: 38575790 PMCID: PMC10995175 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal individual atoms and few-atom clusters show extraordinary catalytic properties for a variety of organic reactions, however, their implementation in total synthesis of complex organic molecules is still to be determined. Here we show a 11-step linear synthesis of the natural product (±)-Licarin B, where individual Pd atoms (Pd1) catalyze the direct aerobic oxidation of an alcohol to the carboxylic acid (steps 1 and 6), Cu2-7 clusters catalyze carbon-oxygen cross couplings (steps 3 and 8), Pd3-4 clusters catalyze a Sonogashira coupling (step 4) and Pt3-5 clusters catalyze a Markovnikov hydrosylilation of alkynes (step 5), as key reactions during the synthetic route. In addition, the new synthesis of Licarin B showcases an unexpected selective alkene hydrogenation with metal-free NaBH4 and an acid-catalyzed intermolecular carbonyl-olefin metathesis as the last step, to forge a trans-alkene group. These results, together, open new avenues in the use of metal individual atoms and clusters in organic synthesis, and confirm their exceptional catalytic activity in late stages during complex synthetic programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rodríguez-Nuévalos
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Espinosa
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Leyva-Pérez
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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Liu R, Cao S, Cai Y, Zhou M, Gou X, Huang Y. Brain and serum metabolomic studies reveal therapeutic effects of san hua decoction in rats with ischemic stroke. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1289558. [PMID: 38098862 PMCID: PMC10720749 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1289558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
San Hua Decoction (SHD) is a traditional four-herbal formula that has long been used to treat stroke. Our study used a traditional pharmacodynamic approach combined with systematic and untargeted metabolomics analyses to further investigate the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of SHD on ischemic stroke (IS). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, sham-operated, middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion (MCAO/R) model and SHD groups. The SHD group was provided with SHD (7.2 g/kg, i.g.) and the other three groups were provided with equal amounts of purified water once a day in the morning for 10 consecutive days. Our results showed that cerebral infarct volumes were reduced in the SHD group compared with the model group. Besides, SHD enhanced the activity of SOD and decreased MDA level in MCAO/R rats. Meanwhile, SHD could ameliorate pathological abnormalities by reducing neuronal damage, improving the structure of damaged neurons and reducing inflammatory cell infiltration. Metabolomic analysis of brain and serum samples with GC-MS techniques revealed 55 differential metabolites between the sham and model groups. Among them, the levels of 12 metabolites were restored after treatment with SHD. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that SHD improved the levels of 12 metabolites related to amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism, 9 of which were significantly associated with disease. SHD attenuated brain inflammation after ischemia-reperfusion. The mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of SHD in MCAO/R rats are related to amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruisi Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengxuan Cao
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Research of Chinese Medicine on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Cai
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Research of Chinese Medicine on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Gou
- Central Laboratory, Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Shanghai, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Research of Chinese Medicine on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
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Faysal M, Khan J, Zehravi M, Nath N, Singh LP, Kakkar S, Perusomula R, Khan PA, Nainu F, Asiri M, Khan SL, Das R, Emran TB, Wilairatana P. Neuropharmacological potential of honokiol and its derivatives from Chinese herb Magnolia species: understandings from therapeutic viewpoint. Chin Med 2023; 18:154. [PMID: 38001538 PMCID: PMC10668527 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00846-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Honokiol is a neolignan biphenol found in aerial parts of the Magnolia plant species. The Magnolia plant species traditionally belong to China and have been used for centuries to treat many pathological conditions. Honokiol mitigates the severity of several pathological conditions and has the potential to work as an anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, anticancer, antioxidant, and neurotherapeutic agent. It has a long history of being employed in the healthcare practices of Southeast Asia, but in recent years, a greater scope of research has been conducted on it. Plenty of experimental evidence suggests it could be beneficial as a neuroprotective bioactive molecule. Honokiol has several pharmacological effects, leading to its exploration as a potential therapy for neurological diseases (NDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), cerebral ischemia, anxiety, depression, spinal cord injury, and so on. So, based on the previous experimentation reports, our goal is to discuss the neuroprotective properties of honokiol. Besides, honokiol derivatives have been highlighted recently as possible therapeutic options for NDs. So, this review focuses on honokiol's neurotherapeutic actions and toxicological profile to determine their safety and potential use in neurotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Faysal
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Jishan Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Mehrukh Zehravi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Dentistry & Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, 51418, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nikhil Nath
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Kumira, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Laliteshwar Pratap Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Narayan Institute of Pharmacy, Gopal Narayan Singh University, Jamuhar, Sasaram, (Rohtas), Bihar, 821305, India
| | - Saloni Kakkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Rajashekar Perusomula
- Cognitive Science Research Initiative Lab, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Narsapur, India
| | - Pathan Amanulla Khan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Anwar Ul Uloom College of Pharmacy, New Mallepally, Hyderabad, India
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Mohammed Asiri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharuk L Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, N.B.S. Institute of Pharmacy, Ausa, Maharashtra, 413520, India
| | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Wu W, Huang J, Han P, Zhang J, Wang Y, Jin F, Zhou Y. Research Progress on Natural Plant Molecules in Regulating the Blood-Brain Barrier in Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2023; 28:7631. [PMID: 38005352 PMCID: PMC10674591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. With the aging population and the continuous development of risk factors associated with AD, it will impose a significant burden on individuals, families, and society. Currently, commonly used therapeutic drugs such as Cholinesterase inhibitors, N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists, and multiple AD pathology removal drugs have been shown to have beneficial effects on certain pathological conditions of AD. However, their clinical efficacy is minimal and they are associated with certain adverse reactions. Furthermore, the underlying pathological mechanism of AD remains unclear, posing a challenge for drug development. In contrast, natural plant molecules, widely available, offer multiple targeting pathways and demonstrate inherent advantages in modifying the typical pathologic features of AD by influencing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We provide a comprehensive review of recent in vivo and in vitro studies on natural plant molecules that impact the BBB in the treatment of AD. Additionally, we analyze their specific mechanisms to offer novel insights for the development of safe and effective targeted drugs as well as guidance for experimental research and the clinical application of drugs for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wu
- Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (W.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jiahao Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmacology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Pengfei Han
- Science and Education Section, Zhangjiakou First Hospital, Zhangjiakou 075041, China;
| | - Jian Zhang
- Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (W.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (W.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Fangfang Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (W.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
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Ming-Xin Guo MM, Wu X, Feng YF, Hu ZQ. Research Progress on the Structural Modification of Magnolol and Honokiol and the Biological Activities of Their Derivatives. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300754. [PMID: 37401658 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnolol and Honokiol are the primary active components that have been identified and extracted from Magnolia officinalis, and several investigations have demonstrated that they have significant pharmacological effects. Despite their therapeutic benefits for a wide range of illnesses, research on and the implementation of these compounds have been hindered by their poor water solubility and low bioavailability. Researchers are continually using chemical methods to alter their structures to make them more effective in treating and preventing diseases. Researchers are also continuously developing derivative drugs with high efficacy and few adverse effects. This article summarizes and analyzes derivatives with significant biological activities reported in recent research obtained by structural modification. The modification sites have mainly focused on the phenolic hydroxy groups, benzene rings, and diene bonds. Changes to the allyl bisphenol structure will result in unexpected benefits, including high activity, low toxicity, and good bioavailability. Furthermore, alongside earlier experimental research in our laboratory, the structure-activity relationships of magnolol and honokiol were preliminarily summarized, providing experimental evidence for improving their development and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Ming-Xin Guo
- Department of pharmacy, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, Yixing, 214200, China
- New Drug Research and Development Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xia Wu
- New Drug Research and Development Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yi-Fan Feng
- New Drug Research and Development Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Hu
- Department of pharmacy, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, Yixing, 214200, China
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