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Abdulkareem SJ, Jafari-Gharabaghlou D, Farhoudi-Sefidan-Jadid M, Salmani-Javan E, Toroghi F, Zarghami N. Co-delivery of artemisinin and metformin via PEGylated niosomal nanoparticles: potential anti-cancer effect in treatment of lung cancer cells. Daru 2024; 32:133-144. [PMID: 38168007 PMCID: PMC11087397 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-023-00495-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the advances in treatment, lung cancer is a global concern and necessitates the development of new treatments. Biguanides like metformin (MET) and artemisinin (ART) have recently been discovered to have anti-cancer properties. As a consequence, in the current study, the anti-cancer effect of MET and ART co-encapsulated in niosomal nanoparticles on lung cancer cells was examined to establish an innovative therapy technique. METHODS Niosomal nanoparticles (Nio-NPs) were synthesized by thin-film hydration method, and their physicochemical properties were assessed by FTIR. The morphology of Nio-NPs was evaluated with FE-SEM and AFM. The MTT assay was applied to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of free MET, free ART, their encapsulated form with Nio-NPs, as well as their combination, on A549 cells. Apoptosis assay was utilized to detect the biological processes involved with programmed cell death. The arrest of cell cycle in response to drugs was assessed using a cell cycle assay. Following a 48-h drug treatment, the expression level of hTERT, Cyclin D1, BAX, BCL-2, Caspase 3, and 7 genes were assessed using the qRT-PCR method. RESULTS Both MET and ART reduced the survival rate of lung cancer cells in the dose-dependent manner. The IC50 values of pure ART and MET were 195.2 μM and 14.6 mM, respectively while in nano formulated form their IC50 values decreased to 56.7 μM and 78.3 μM, respectively. The combination of MET and ART synergistically decreased the proliferation of lung cancer cells, compared to the single treatments. Importantly, the combination of MET and ART had a higher anti-proliferative impact against A549 lung cancer cells, with lower IC50 values. According to the result of Real-time PCR, hTERT, Cyclin D1, BAX, BCL-2, Caspase 3, and Caspase 7 genes expression were considerably altered in treated with combination of nano formulated MET and ART compared to single therapies. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that the combination of MET and ART encapsulated in Nio-NPs could be useful for the treatment of lung cancer and can increase the efficiency of lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Jaafar Abdulkareem
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Davoud Jafari-Gharabaghlou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Farhoudi-Sefidan-Jadid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elnaz Salmani-Javan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Toroghi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Science, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Vaghari-Tabari M, Jafari-Gharabaghlou D, Mohammadi M, Hashemzadeh MS. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Cancer Chemotherapy: Helpful Tools for Enhancing Chemo-sensitivity and Reducing Side Effects? Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1878-1900. [PMID: 37639166 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy is still a serious challenge. Chemo-resistance and destructive side effects of chemotherapy drugs are the most critical limitations of chemotherapy. Chemo-resistance is the leading cause of chemotherapy failure. Chemo-resistance, which refers to the resistance of cancer cells to the anticancer effects of chemotherapy drugs, is caused by various reasons. Among the most important of these reasons is the increase in the efflux of chemotherapy drugs due to the rise in the expression and activity of ABC transporters, the weakening of apoptosis, and the strengthening of stemness. In the last decade, a significant number of studies focused on the application of nanotechnology in cancer treatment. Considering the anti-cancer properties of zinc, zinc oxide nanoparticles have received much attention in recent years. Some studies have indicated that zinc oxide nanoparticles can target the critical mechanisms of cancer chemo-resistance and enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs. These studies have shown that zinc oxide nanoparticles can reduce the activity of ABC transporters, increase DNA damage and apoptosis, and attenuate stemness in cancer cells, leading to enhanced chemo-sensitivity. Some other studies have also shown that zinc oxide nanoparticles in low doses can be helpful in minimizing the harmful side effects of chemotherapy drugs. In this article, after a brief overview of the mechanisms of chemo-resistance and anticancer effects of zinc, we will review all these studies in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davoud Jafari-Gharabaghlou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mozafar Mohammadi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sagar S, Pebam M, Sinha R, Rengan AK, Panda TK. Magnesium-Catalyzed Dye-Embedded Polylactide Nanoparticles for the Effective Killing of Highly Metastatic B16F10 Melanoma Cells. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:14860-14866. [PMID: 38585097 PMCID: PMC10993387 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
In the current research, dye-embedded polylactic acid (PLA) conjugate materials were synthesized using one-pot ring-opening polymerization (ROP), i.e., (dtHPLA) (2-[(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) imino]-1(2H)-acenaphthylenone-reduced-PLA) and (dmHPLA) (monoiminoacenaphtheneone-reduced-PLA), and then, nanoparticles (NPs) were engineered in the size range of 150 ± 30 nm. P(dtHPLA) NPs were employed in the treatment of melanoma, an aggressive type of skin cancer, which mandates the development of novel techniques to enhance healing outcomes and eliminate adverse effects related to existing treatments. In addition to exhibiting strong intracellular absorption in the spheroid model, the P(dtHPLA) NPs exhibited a strong cytotoxic effect on B16F10 cells, which resulted in oxidative stress from the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death. Additionally, a live/dead experiment using P(dtHPLA) NPs revealed a notable reduction in cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sagar
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Hyderabad, Kandi 502284, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Monika Pebam
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502284, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Rituparna Sinha
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Hyderabad, Kandi 502284, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Aravind K. Rengan
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502284, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Tarun K. Panda
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Hyderabad, Kandi 502284, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
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Liga S, Paul C, Moacă EA, Péter F. Niosomes: Composition, Formulation Techniques, and Recent Progress as Delivery Systems in Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:223. [PMID: 38399277 PMCID: PMC10892933 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Niosomes are vesicular nanocarriers, biodegradable, relatively non-toxic, stable, and inexpensive, that provide an alternative for lipid-solid carriers (e.g., liposomes). Niosomes may resolve issues related to the instability, fast degradation, bioavailability, and insolubility of different drugs or natural compounds. Niosomes can be very efficient potential systems for the specific delivery of anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antibacterial molecules. This review aims to present an overview of their composition, the most common formulation techniques, as well as of recent utilizations as delivery systems in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Liga
- Biocatalysis Group, Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering of Organic and Natural Compounds, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University Timișoara, Carol Telbisz 6, 300001 Timișoara, Romania; (S.L.); (F.P.)
| | - Cristina Paul
- Biocatalysis Group, Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering of Organic and Natural Compounds, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University Timișoara, Carol Telbisz 6, 300001 Timișoara, Romania; (S.L.); (F.P.)
| | - Elena-Alina Moacă
- Department of Toxicology, Drug Industry, Management and Legislation, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Francisc Péter
- Biocatalysis Group, Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering of Organic and Natural Compounds, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University Timișoara, Carol Telbisz 6, 300001 Timișoara, Romania; (S.L.); (F.P.)
- Research Institute for Renewable Energies, Politehnica University Timișoara, Gavril Muzicescu 138, 300501 Timișoara, Romania
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Abdulzehra S, Jafari-Gharabaghlou D, Zarghami N. Targeted delivery of oxaliplatin via folate-decorated niosomal nanoparticles potentiates resistance reversion of colon cancer cells. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21400. [PMID: 37954331 PMCID: PMC10637978 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent type of cancer, ranking third in incidence and fourth in cancer-related deaths globally. The increase in mortality rates related to colorectal cancer among younger patients is a cause for concern. Chemotherapy is the primary approach for palliative care in colon cancer, but the development of drug resistance limits its effectiveness. Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death that plays a crucial role in regulating normal cell death and abnormal tissue degeneration in cancer. Genes such as caspase-3, caspase-9, p53, and survivin are involved in apoptosis induction. The field of nanotechnology has presented exciting opportunities for controlled drug delivery and addressing drug resistance in cancer. Niosomes are among the nanocarriers known for their impressive features, making them excellent candidates for drug delivery. In the current study, we investigate whether niosomal nanoparticles coated with FA have the ability to deliver oxaliplatin to drug-resistant cells effectively and potentially resistance reversion in colon cancer cells. Methods The niosomal nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated using the thin-film hydration method and characterized using DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), and AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) systems. The drug release and drug encapsulation efficiency of the NPs were also determined. An MTT assay was performed on oxaliplatin-resistant cells to determine the IC50 values of the drug in its pure and nano-encapsulated forms. Gene expression of caspase-3, caspase-9, p53, and survivin was investigated using the qRT-PCR (quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction) technique, and cell apoptosis or necrosis was quantified using flow cytometry. Results Size, PDI, zeta potential, morphology, drug release, and encapsulation efficiency of fabricated niosomal NPs were acceptable. Oxaliplatin anti-cancer drug showed a higher impact on cancerous cells in nano-encapsulated form. The expression level of caspase-3, caspase-9, and p53 was increased which was in confirmation by flow cytometry results. Conclusion Taken together, results of this study demonstrated potential effect of folate decorated oxaliplatin-loaded niosomal NPs to resistance-reversion of Oxaliplatin-resistance colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siham Abdulzehra
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz, University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Davoud Jafari-Gharabaghlou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz, University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz, University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
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