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Yang F, Zhang K, Dai X, Jiang W. Preliminary Exploration of Potential Active Ingredients and Molecular Mechanisms of Yanggan Yishui Granules for Treating Hypertensive Nephropathy Using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS Coupled with Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Strategy. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2024; 2024:7967999. [PMID: 38766523 PMCID: PMC11101260 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7967999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Hypertensive nephropathy (HN) is a prevalent complication of hypertension and stands as the second primary reason for end-stage renal disease. Research in clinical settings has revealed that Yanggan Yishui Granule (YGYSG) has significant therapeutic effects on HN. However, the material basis and action mechanisms of YGYSG against HN remain unclear. Consequently, this study utilized a comprehensive method integrating ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS), network pharmacology, and molecular docking to delineate the active ingredients and potential therapeutic mechanisms of YGYSG for treating HN. Firstly, sixty distinct components were recognized in total as potential active ingredients in YGYSG by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Subsequently, the mechanisms of YGYSG against HN were revealed for the first time using network pharmacology. 23 ingredients played key roles in the complete network and were the key active ingredients, which could affect the renin-angiotensin system, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications by regulating 29 key targets such as TNF, IL6, ALB, EGFR, ACE, and MMP2. YGYSG could treat HN through the suppression of inflammatory response and oxidative stress, attenuating the proliferation of renal vascular smooth muscle cells, lessening glomerular capillary systolic pressure, and ameliorating renal dysfunction and vascular damage through the aforementioned targets and pathways. Molecular docking results revealed that most key active ingredients exhibited a high affinity for binding to the key targets. This study pioneers in clarifying the bioactive compounds and molecular mechanisms of YGYSG against HN and offers scientific reference into the clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Kailun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Xiaohua Dai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Weimin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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Rong X, Wu H, Huang R, Chen C, Fu X, Yang M, Zhou A, Yang Q, Li Z. Rapid identification of chemical constituents and dynamic metabolic profile of Shenqi-Tiaoshen formula in rat plasma based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS E. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 241:115981. [PMID: 38237543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.115981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Shenqi-Tiaoshen formula (SQTSF) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription that has been employed in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Clinical practice has demonstrated that SQTSF is an effective prescription for stable COPD. However, owing to the complexity of TCM prescription, there is a lack of in-depth understanding of the chemical components of SQTSF and its in vivo metabolism studies. In this study, a comprehensive analytical strategy based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was established to identify the chemical components, the absorbed components, and the metabolites of SQTSF given by gavage in rats, and analyze their dynamic changes. As a result, 86 chemical components of SQTSF were characterized, which were mainly categorized into flavonoids, saponins, organic acids, terpenoids, etc. Among them, 13 compounds were confirmed unambiguously by reference standards. Furthermore, 20 prototype components and 46 metabolites were detected in rat plasma at different time points. It was found that one prototype component and thirteen metabolites could be detected during the entire 24 h, indicating that these compounds were slowly eliminated and thus accumulated in vivo over a prolonged duration. Interestingly, the phenomenon that three prototype components and fourteen metabolites reappeared after a period of disappearance from the plasma was found. It was also observed that different prototype components may generate the same metabolite. The metabolic processes of SQTSF in rats mainly included oxidation, reduction, hydration, demethylation, deglycosylation, methylation, acetylation, glucuronidation, glutathionylation, and associated combination reactions. Overall, the present study identified the chemical components of SQTSF and their dynamic metabolic profile in rat plasma, which provided a systematic and applicable strategy for screening and characterization of the prototype components and metabolites of TCM compound preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Rong
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of the Application and Transformation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Prevention and Treatment of Major Pulmonary Diseases, Hefei 230031, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Ruotong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Xiaojie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Mo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - An Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Qinjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of the Application and Transformation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Prevention and Treatment of Major Pulmonary Diseases, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zegeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of the Application and Transformation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Prevention and Treatment of Major Pulmonary Diseases, Hefei 230031, China.
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