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Lei S, Li X, Zuo A, Ruan S, Guo Y. CTRP9 alleviates diet induced obesity through increasing lipolysis mediated by enhancing autophagy-initiation complex formation. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 131:109694. [PMID: 38906337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Recently, emerging evidence has suggested that obesity become a prevalent health threat worldwide. Reportedly, CTRP9 can ameliorate HFD induced obesity. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the role of CTRP9 in obesity remains elusive. In this study, we reported its major function in the regulation of lipolysis. First, we found that the expression of CTRP9 was decreased in mature adipocytes and white adipose tissue of obese mice. Then, we showed that overexpression adipose tissue CTRP9 alleviated diet-induced obesity and adipocytes hypertrophy, improved glucose intolerance and raised energy expenditure. Moreover, CTRP9 increased the lipolysis in vitro and vivo. Additionally, we determined that CTRP9 enhanced autophagy flux in adipocytes. Intriguingly, knock down Beclin1 by SiRNA abolished the effect of CTRP9 on lipolysis. Mechanically, CTRP9 enhanced the expression of SNX26. We demonstrated that SNX26 was a component of the ATG14L-Beclin1-VPS34 complex and enhanced the assembly of the autophagy-initiation complex. Collectively, our results suggested that CTRP9 alleviated diet induced obesity through enhancing lipolysis mediated by autophagy-initiation complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyun Lei
- Department of General Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University,107 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012,Jinan,Shandong, China
| | - Xuehui Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Anju Zuo
- Department of General Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University,107 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012,Jinan,Shandong, China
| | - Shiyan Ruan
- Department of General Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University,107 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012,Jinan,Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Department of General Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University,107 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012,Jinan,Shandong, China.
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Xia N, Xu L, Xu D, Huang M, Li Y, Mei Z, Yu Z. Neuroprotective effect of emodin on Aβ 25-35-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells involves Nrf2/GPX4 and TLR4/p-NF-κB/NLRP3 pathways. Brain Res 2024; 1841:149019. [PMID: 38795791 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effects of emodin in Alzheimer's disease (AD). PC12 cells were used to explore the underlying mechanism and were incubated with Aβ25-35 for 24 h as the model group, incubated with emodin at different concentrations (2.5, 5, 10 μM) as the drug administration groups. The content of MDA and the enzymic activities of CAT, GSH-Px were detected by the corresponding commercial kits. The ROS level in Aβ25-35 induced cells was decreased by emodin dose-dependently, but the MMP in these cells were elevated. The expressions of AChE, TLR4, p-NF-κB, NLRP3, IL-1β, and TNF-α in PC12 cells were increased by Aβ25-35 treatment, the expressions of Nrf2, HO-1, GPX4, xCT were decreased, all the levels of expressions were reversed by emodin. Besides, ultraviolet spectrophotometry and infrared spectrophotometry were ultilized to ascertain the production of emodin-Fe (Ⅱ) complex. The FerroOrange results showed that emodin reduced free Fe2+ in cells. The immunofluorescent intensities of Nrf2, GPX4, and p-NF-κB offered direct visible evidence for emodin's multi-targets in AD treatment. Collectively, emodin could inhibit the activity of AChE and exert neuroprotective effects against AD through antioxidant, anti-ferroptotic, anti-inflammatory properties via Nrf2/GPX4 and TLR4/p-NF-κB/NLRP3 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengyin Xia
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Lingyun Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Dengrui Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Mengyuan Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Zhinan Mei
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zejun Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
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Feng Y, Ren Y, Zhang X, Yang S, Jiao Q, Li Q, Jiang W. Metabolites of traditional Chinese medicine targeting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway for hypoglycemic effect in type 2 diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1373711. [PMID: 38799166 PMCID: PMC11116707 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1373711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance, with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Due to the tightly intertwined connection between the insulin resistance pathway and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway and its associated targets is essential for hypoglycemia and the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In recent years, metabolites isolated from traditional Chinese medicine has received more attention and acceptance for its superior bioactivity, high safety, and fewer side effects. Meanwhile, numerous in vivo and in vitro studies have revealed that the metabolites present in traditional Chinese medicine possess better bioactivities in regulating the balance of glucose metabolism, ameliorating insulin resistance, and preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In this article, we reviewed the literature related to the metabolites of traditional Chinese medicine improving IR and possessing therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes mellitus by targeting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, focusing on the hypoglycemic mechanism of the metabolites of traditional Chinese medicine in type 2 diabetes mellitus and elaborating on the significant role of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In order to provide reference for clinical prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenwen Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Oh J, Ahn S, Zhou X, Lim YJ, Hong S, Kim HS. Effects of Cinnamon ( Cinnamomum zeylanicum) Extract on Adipocyte Differentiation in 3T3-L1 Cells and Lipid Accumulation in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2023; 15:5110. [PMID: 38140369 PMCID: PMC10745629 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids and phenolic acid are two of the rich polyphenols found in cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum). The effects of cinnamon extract on the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 fibroblast cells and prohibitory lipid accumulation in male mice fed a high-fat diet were examined. Upon treating 3T3-L1 cells with cinnamon for 3 days, the cinnamon inhibited lipid accumulation and increased gene expression levels, such as those of adiponectin and leptin. In in vivo experiments, mice were randomized into four groups after a one-week acclimation period, as follows: normal diet, normal diet + 1% cinnamon extract, high-fat diet, and high-fat diet + 1% cinnamon extract. After 14 weeks of supplementation, we found that cinnamon extract increased the expression of lipolysis-related proteins, such as AMPK, p-ACC, and CPT-1, and reduced the expression of lipid-synthesis-related proteins, such as SREBP-1c and FAS, in liver tissue. Our results show that cinnamon extract may exhibit anti-obesity effects via the inhibition of lipid synthesis and adipogenesis and the induction of lipolysis in both 3T3-L1 fibroblast cells and mice fed a high-fat diet. Accordingly, cinnamon extract may have potential anti-obesity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hyun-Sook Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea; (J.O.)
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