Adverse events in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma treated with erdafitinib: a retrospective pharmacovigilance study

Safety profile of isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibitors in cancer therapy: a pharmacovigilance study of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System

BACKGROUND

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) inhibitors hold promise for IDH-mutated cancer patients and demonstrated favorable clinical efficacy. Nonetheless, a comprehensive understanding of the associated toxicities of IDH inhibitors remains notably lacking.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This pharmacovigilance analysis utilized the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database to assess notable adverse events (AEs) attributed to IDH inhibitors (enasidenib and ivosidenib) from January 2018 to December 2023.

RESULTS

In the FAERS database, 2,905 enasidenib-associated and 1,289 ivosidenib-related AEs records were identified, respectively. The toxicity profiles of IDH1 and IDH2 inhibitors exhibited notable similarities. The most commonly significant system-organ classes induced by IDH inhibitors encompassed general disorders and administration site conditions, investigations, gastrointestinal disorders, and infections and infestations. The most common AEs included nausea, fatigue, diarrhea, decreased appetite, decreased platelet count, fever, pneumonia, weakness, sepsis, constipation, vomiting, rash, and reduced hemoglobin levels. Notably, temporal analysis of AEs shows enasidenib and ivosidenib have median onset times of 137 and 75 days, with distinct initial peak frequencies.

CONCLUSION

The reversible nature of the toxicities associated with IDH inhibitors underscores their promise as a therapeutic agent with a favorable safety profile.

Adverse events in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with ra-223: a retrospective pharmacovigilance study

BACKGROUND

Radium-223 (Ra-223) received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for treating castration-resistant prostate cancer with symptomatic bone metastases, excluding visceral metastases. Despite this, the safety profile of Ra-223 in large-scale, population-based use still needs to be explored.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This research assesses the side effects of Ra-223 by analyzing reports of adverse events (AEs) from the FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. Four sequential analysis strategies were employed to assess the significance of these AEs.

RESULTS

In total, 4,228 Ra-223-related AE reports were identified in the FAERS database. These Ra-223-induced AEs were observed in 26 target system organ classes (SOCs). 124 Ra-223-induced AEs were detected in 26 SOCs, predominantly affecting the blood and lymphatic systems. Other notable AEs included diarrhea, nausea, asthenia, fatigue, malaise, and decreased appetite, some of which were not previously documented in product specifications. The median time to onset of AEs was 56 days (Interquartile Range 26-103 days), with the majority of AEs occurring within the first three months after Ra-223 administration.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings align with clinical observations and suggest potential new and unexpected AEs related to Ra-223, underscoring the need for prospective clinical studies to confirm these results and clarify their relationships. These insights provide valuable evidence for further safety studies and the rational use of Ra-223.

Comprehensive Analysis of Mitotane-Related Adverse Events Using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System

OBJECTIVE

Mitotane is currently the only product approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of adrenocortical cancer. However, there is a lack of comprehensive studies on the adverse events of mitotane.

METHODS

Adverse event reports for mitotane in the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System database since 2004 were collected and analyzed to identify mitotane as the primary suspect drug. Reporting ratios, multi-item γ Poisson constrictors, proportional reporting ratios, and Bayesian confidence propagation neural networks were used to analyze the disproportionality of mitotane-related adverse events.

RESULTS

A total of 21 433 114 adverse event reports were retrieved from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System database, with 772 cases identified where mitotane was the primary suspected drug. Positive signals were observed for adverse reactions listed on the drug label, such as nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, dizziness, loss of appetite, and adrenal insufficiency. Additionally, potential adverse reactions not specified on the label were detected, including fatigue, malignant tumor progression, ovarian cysts, chills, amnesia, and Q-T interval prolongation on the electrocardiogram. These findings highlight the critical need for vigilant monitoring of adverse events, particularly during the first few months of treatment.

CONCLUSION

This study provides preliminary safety data on the practical application of mitotane, confirming some known adverse reactions and revealing other potential risks. These findings provide critical safety information for clinicians prescribing mitotane for the treatment of adrenocortical cancer.

Adverse events of tissue plasminogen activators in acute myocardial infarction patients: a real-world and pharmacovigilance database analysis

BACKGROUND

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is recommended as the preferred thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study aimed to explore tPA-related adverse events (AEs) reported in the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), assess the potential safety of three preferred tPA therapies for treating AMI, and provide guidance for selecting tPA for prehospital thrombolysis.

METHOD

Four algorithms, including ROR, PRR, BCPNN, and MGPS, were used to quantify the signals of Tenecteplase, Reteplase, and Alteplase related AEs and compare the differential degrees of the three tPA-associated AEs in the actual data.

RESULT

We detected 18 signals of Tenecteplase-induced AE, 29 signals of Reteplase-induced AE, and 22 signals of Alteplase-induced AE. Among the three drugs, Tenecteplase had the highest signal intensity for intracranial hemorrhage-related AE, followed by Alteplase. Besides, Reteplase had the highest signal intensity for procedure-related AE and Alteplase had the highest signal intensity for arrhythmia-related AE. The time-onset analysis indicates that we should be vigilant for AEs, especially within the first week and the first 1-2 days after medication.

CONCLUSION

This study identified and compared the signals of AE related to Tenecteplase, Reteplase, and Alteplase in AMI patients.

A real-world pharmacovigilance study investigating the toxicities of histone deacetylase inhibitors

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are emerging as promising treatments for hematological malignancies, with potential applications extending to solid tumors in the future. Given their wide-ranging biological effects, there is a pressing need for a thorough understanding of the toxicities linked to HDAC inhibition. In this study, a pharmacovigilance analysis was conducted using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database. Suspected adverse events linked to HDAC inhibitors were detected through various statistical methodologies, including reporting odds ratio, proportional reporting ratio, information component, and Empirical Bayes Geometric Mean. Our study findings have illuminated that, among the total reported cases examined, gastrointestinal disorders accounted for 13% patients of the cohort, while lymphatic system disorders comprised 8% cases of the cohort, all of which manifested as adverse events induced by HDAC inhibitors. Importantly, the usage of HDAC inhibitors was found to be associated with incidents of atrial fibrillation, heart failure, respiratory failure, hepatic dysfunction, and acute kidney injury. Romidepsin and belinostat demonstrated more pronounced signals of adverse events compared to panobinostat and vorinostat, emphasizing the need for vigilant monitoring of adverse events in this particular population. Furthermore, atrial fibrillation (clinical priority score of 7 points) emerged as the paramount medical event warranting utmost clinical attention. Eventually, multiple adverse events were observe to emerge within the initial and second months following the initiation of treatment. Vigilant monitoring and supportive care strategies are critical in addressing the toxicities associated with HDAC inhibitors, particularly those concerning cardiotoxicity, respiratory toxicity, renal toxicity, and hepatotoxicity.

Toxicity burden patterns of MET-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors: evidence from real-world pharmacovigilance

MET exon 14 skipping alterations and MET amplifications are recognized as oncogenic and targetable genetic changes in cancer patients. The treatment of MET-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in this specific population has shown encouraging therapeutic results. However, a comprehensive understanding of the potential toxicities linked to these agents is still lacking. The present pharmacovigilance analysis was carried out using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database to assess notable adverse events associated with MET-selective TKIs. Gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory toxicity, hepatotoxicity, and disturbances in metabolism and nutrition demonstrated a substantial prevalence and significance among the adverse event (AE) categories. Particularly notable were the occurrences of peripheral oedema, nausea, dysphagia, fatigue, and dyspnoea, which emerged as the foremost five reported AEs. The majority of these AEs were observed within the initial months of initiating treatment with MET-selective TKIs and persistently thereafter. Notably, our investigation unveiled a significant correlation between the usage of capmatinib and the incidence of hearing loss and difficulty in swallowing. Diligent monitoring and the implementation of supportive care strategies are essential in managing the toxicities associated with MET-selective TKIs, particularly those related to gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory toxicity, hepatotoxicity, and ototoxicity.