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Aldridge RL, Gibson S, Linthicum KJ. Aedes aegypti Controls AE. Aegypti: SIT and IIT-An Overview. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2024; 40:32-49. [PMID: 38427588 DOI: 10.2987/23-7154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The sterile insect technique (SIT) and the incompatible insect technique (IIT) are emerging and potentially revolutionary tools for controlling Aedes aegypti (L.), a prominent worldwide mosquito vector threat to humans that is notoriously difficult to reduce or eliminate in intervention areas using traditional integrated vector management (IVM) approaches. Here we provide an overview of the discovery, development, and application of SIT and IIT to Ae. aegypti control, and innovations and advances in technology, including transgenics, that could elevate these techniques to a worldwide sustainable solution to Ae. aegypti when combined with other IVM practices.
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Wang X, Liu L, Guo S, Liu B, Zhai Y, Yan S, Shen J, Ullah F, Li Z. Tweedle gene family of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) larva enhances the basal tolerance to cold and hypoxia. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:3012-3021. [PMID: 36966456 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is considered a quarantine pest in the A2 list because it causes serious infection and huge economic losses. Cold and controlled atmosphere treatments have been used to control immature stage pests in fresh fruits. Herein, the basal tolerance response of D. suzukii egg, larva and pupa to cold and hypoxia stress were studied, and underlying transcriptome mechanisms in the larva were pinpointed. RESULTS The third instar was more tolerant than 12-h-old egg and 8-day-old pupa when treated at 3 °C + 1% O2 for 7 days, with 34.00% ± 5.22% larval survival. Hypoxia influenced the effect of cold treatment on D. suzukii. Larval survival decreased at 3 °C + 1% O2 , but increased at 0 °C + 1% O2 . Survival increased with temperature between 0 and 5 °C + 1% O2 , but decreased significantly at 25 °C + 1% O2 . RNA-sequencing results showed that the Tweedle (Twdl) family was upregulated and uniquely enriched in larvae treated at 3 °C + 1% O2 . In addition, RNA interference-mediated silencing of a key Twdl gene reduced the survival rate after cold and hypoxia treatment. CONCLUSION Hypoxia was able to influence the effect of cold treatment on the survival of D. suzukii positively or negatively. Structural constituents of the chitin-based cuticle, in particular Twdl genes, body morphogenesis, and ATP synthesis-coupled proton transport were involved in the tolerance to cold and hypoxia. In future, the Twdl gene could be used as a nanocarrier delivering RNA pesticides to control D. suzukii in the field and so prevent its worldwide spread. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Wang
- Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shaokun Guo
- Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- Institute of Equipment Technology, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Zhai
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Yan
- Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Farman Ullah
- Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
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Guo R, Liu T, Guo C, Chen G, Fan J, Zhang Q. Carotenoid biosynthesis is associated with low-temperature adaptation in Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:319. [PMID: 36564716 PMCID: PMC9789556 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low temperatures greatly limit the growth of microorganisms. Low-temperature adaptation in microorganisms involves multiple mechanisms. Carotenoids are naturally occurring lipid-soluble pigments that act as antioxidants and protect cells and tissues from the harmful effects of free radicals and singlet oxygen. However, studies on the regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis at low temperatures in microorganisms are limited. In this study, we investigated the correlation between carotenoids and low-temperature adaptation in the cold-adapted strain of Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae YM25235. RESULTS Carotenoid biosynthesis in YM25235 was inhibited by knocking out the bifunctional lycopene cyclase/phytoene synthase gene (RKCrtYB) using the established CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system based on endogenous U6 promoters. The carotenoids were extracted with acetone, and the content and composition of the carotenoids were analyzed by spectrophotometry and HPLC. Then, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the growth rate in YM25235 were determined at a low temperature. The results indicated that the carotenoid biosynthesis and ROS levels were increased in the YM25235 strain at a low temperature and inhibition of carotenoid biosynthesis was associated with higher ROS levels and a significant decrease in the growth rate of YM25235 at a low temperature. CONCLUSIONS The regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis was associated with low-temperature adaptation in YM25235. Our findings provided a strong foundation for conducting further studies on the mechanism by which YM25235 can adapt to low-temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- grid.218292.20000 0000 8571 108XFaculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500 China
| | - Tao Liu
- grid.218292.20000 0000 8571 108XFaculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500 China
| | - Caina Guo
- grid.218292.20000 0000 8571 108XFaculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500 China
| | - Gongshui Chen
- grid.218292.20000 0000 8571 108XFaculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500 China
| | - Jingdie Fan
- grid.218292.20000 0000 8571 108XFaculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500 China
| | - Qi Zhang
- grid.218292.20000 0000 8571 108XFaculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500 China
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The MAP-Kinase HOG1 Controls Cold Adaptation in Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae by Promoting Biosynthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Glycerol. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:253. [PMID: 35834133 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02957-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of RKHog1 in the cold adaptation of Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae strain YM25235 and elucidate the correlation of biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and glycerol with its cold adaptation. The YM25235 strain was subjected to salt, osmotic, and cold stress tolerance analyses. mRNA levels of RKhog1, Δ12/15-fatty acid desaturase gene (RKD12), RKMsn4, HisK2301, and RKGPD1 in YM25235 were detected by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR. The contents of PUFAs, such as linoleic acid (LA) and linolenic acid (ALA) was measured using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, followed by determination of the growth rate of YM25235 and its glycerol content at low temperature. The RKHog1 overexpression, knockout, and remediation strains were constructed. Stress resistance analysis showed that overexpression of RKHog1 gene increased the biosynthesis of glycerol and enhanced the tolerance of YM25235 to cold, salt, and osmotic stresses, respectively. Inversely, the knockout of RKHog1 gene decreased the biosynthesis of glycerol and inhibited the tolerance of YM25235 to different stresses. Fatty acid analysis showed that the overexpression of RKHog1 gene in YM25235 significantly increased the content of LA and ALA, but RKHog1 gene knockout YM25235 strain had decreased content of LA and ALA. In addition, the mRNA expression level of RKD12, RKMsn4, RKHisK2301, and RKGPD1 showed an increase at 15 °C after RKHog1 gene overexpression but were unchanged at 30 °C. RKHog1 could regulate the growth adaptability and PUFA content of YM25235 at low temperature and this could be helpful for the cold adaptation of YM25235.
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Garcia MJ, Littler AS, Sriram A, Teets NM. Distinct cold tolerance traits independently vary across genotypes in Drosophila melanogaster. Evolution 2020; 74:1437-1450. [PMID: 32463118 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cold tolerance, the ability to cope with low temperature stress, is a critical adaptation in thermally variable environments. An individual's cold tolerance comprises several traits including minimum temperatures for growth and activity, ability to survive severe cold, and ability to resume normal function after cold subsides. Across species, these traits are correlated, suggesting they were shaped by shared evolutionary processes or possibly share physiological mechanisms. However, the extent to which cold tolerance traits and their associated mechanisms covary within populations has not been assessed. We measured five cold tolerance traits-critical thermal minimum, chill coma recovery, short- and long-term cold tolerance, and cold-induced changes in locomotor behavior-along with cold-induced expression of two genes with possible roles in cold tolerance (heat shock protein 70 and frost)-across 12 lines of Drosophila melanogaster derived from a single population. We observed significant genetic variation in all traits, but few were correlated across genotypes, and these correlations were sex-specific. Further, cold-induced gene expression varied by genotype, but there was no evidence supporting our hypothesis that cold-hardy lines would have either higher baseline expression or induction of stress genes. These results suggest cold tolerance traits possess unique mechanisms and have the capacity to evolve independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Garcia
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40546
| | - Aerianna S Littler
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40546
| | - Aditya Sriram
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40546
| | - Nicholas M Teets
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40546
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Stejskal V, Vendl T, Li Z, Aulicky R. Minimal Thermal Requirements for Development and Activity of Stored Product and Food Industry Pests (Acari, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Psocoptera, Diptera and Blattodea): A Review. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10050149. [PMID: 31126156 PMCID: PMC6571962 DOI: 10.3390/insects10050149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Low temperatures play an important role in arthropods because they affect both the individual and population development of all physiological and behavioural activities. Manipulation with low temperatures is a primary nonchemical pest control method. For stored product and food industry practitioners, a knowledge of pest thermal requirements, in particular threshold temperatures at which development and other activities of a particular pest species cease, is of crucial importance. This review presents summary data regarding the lower temperature thresholds of 121 species of stored product and food industry pests from six arthropod taxa (Acari, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Psocoptera, Diptera, and Blattodea). In particular, this review collected and summarized information regarding the lower development thresholds, lower population thresholds, lower acoustic or respiratory thresholds, lower walking and flying thresholds and lower trap capture thresholds for flying and walking arthropods. The average lower development threshold (LDT) differed among orders: the lowest was reported for Acari (6.8 °C) and Diptera (8.1 °C), followed by Lepidoptera (11.3 °C) and Psocoptera (13.8 °C), and the highest was reported for Coleoptera (14 °C) and Blattodea (15 °C). An exclusion-function was established showing the percentage of pest species (n = 112) that were developmentally suppressed (excluded) due to temperatures reaching the LDT in the range of decreasing temperatures from 25 °C to 0 °C. We scaled various temperature thresholds from the lowest to highest temperature as follows: the walking threshold, the trap capture threshold for walking insects, the lower development threshold, lower population threshold, lower flying threshold and the lower trap capture threshold for flying pests. Important pest species were identified for which information regarding the lower temperature threshold is missing, or for which the information is too variable and should be refined in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaclav Stejskal
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, CZ-16106 Prague 6-Ruzyne, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomas Vendl
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, CZ-16106 Prague 6-Ruzyne, Czech Republic.
| | - Zhiong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Monitoring and Green Management of Crop Pests, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Radek Aulicky
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, CZ-16106 Prague 6-Ruzyne, Czech Republic.
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Cao Y, Xu K, Zhu X, Bai Y, Yang W, Li C. Role of Modified Atmosphere in Pest Control and Mechanism of Its Effect on Insects. Front Physiol 2019; 10:206. [PMID: 30914968 PMCID: PMC6422892 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pests not only attack field crops during the growing season, but also damage grains and other food products stored in granaries. Modified or controlled atmospheres (MAs or CAs) with higher or lower concentrations of atmospheric gases, mainly oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone (O3), and nitric oxide (NO), provide a cost-effective method to kill target pests and protect stored products. In this review, the most recent discoveries in the field of MAs are discussed, with a focus on pest control as well as current MA technologies. Although MAs have been used for more than 30 years in pest control and play a role in storage pest management, the specific mechanisms by which insects are affected by and adapt to low O2 (hypoxia) and high carbon CO2 (hypercapnia) are not completely understood. Insect tolerance to hypoxia/anoxia and hypercapnia involves a decrease in aerobic metabolism, including decreased NADPH enzyme activity, and subsequently, decreases in glutathione production and catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase activities, as well as increases in carboxyl esterase and phosphatase activities. In addition, hypoxia induces energy and nutrient production, and in adapted insects, glycolysis and pyruvate carboxylase fluxes are downregulated, accompanied with O2 consumption and acetate production. Consequently, genes encoding various signal transduction pathway components, including epidermal growth factor, insulin, Notch, and Toll/Imd signaling, are downregulated. We review the changes in insect energy and nutrient sources, metabolic enzymes, and molecular pathways in response to modified O2, CO2, NO, and O3 concentrations, as well as the role of MAs in pest control. This knowledge will be useful for applying MAs in combination with temperature control for pest control in stored food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kangkang Xu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenjia Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Can Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
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8
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Boardman L, Mitchell KA, Terblanche JS, Sørensen JG. A transcriptomics assessment of oxygen-temperature interactions reveals novel candidate genes underlying variation in thermal tolerance and survival. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 106:179-188. [PMID: 29038013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
While single stress responses are fairly well researched, multiple, interactive stress responses are not-despite the obvious importance thereof. Here, using D. melanogaster, we investigated the effects of simultaneous exposures to low O2 (hypoxia) and varying thermal conditions on mortality rates, estimates of thermal tolerance and the transcriptome. We used combinations of 21 (normoxia), 10 or 5kPa O2 with control (23°C), cold (4°C) or hot (31°C) temperature exposures before assaying chill coma recovery time (CCRT) and heat knock down time (HKDT) as measures of cold and heat tolerance respectively. We found that mortality was significantly affected by temperature, oxygen partial pressure (PO2) and the interaction between the two. Cold treatments resulted in low mortality (<5%), regardless of PO2 treatment; while hot treatments resulted in higher mortality (∼20%), especially at 5kPa O2 which was lethal for most flies (∼80%). Both CCRT and HKDT were significantly affected by temperature, but not PO2, of the treatments, and the interaction of temperature and PO2 was non-significant. Hot treatments led to significantly longer CCRT, and shorter HKDT in comparison to cold treatments. Global gene expression profiling provided the first transcriptome level response to the combined stress of PO2 and temperature, showing that stressful treatments resulted in higher mortality and induced transcripts that were associated with protein kinases, catabolic processes (proteases, hydrolases, peptidases) and membrane function. Several genes and pathways that may be responsible for the protective effects of combined PO2 and cold treatments were identified. We found that urate oxidase was upregulated in all three cold treatments, regardless of the PO2. Small heat shock proteins Hsp22 and Hsp23 were upregulated after both 10 and 21kPa O2-hot treatments. Collectively, the data from PO2-hot treatments suggests that hypoxia does exacerbate heat stress, through an as yet unidentified mechanism. Hsp70B and an unannotated transcript (CG6733) were significantly differentially expressed after 5kPa O2-cold and 10kPa O2-hot treatments relative to their controls. Downregulation of these transcripts was correlated with reduced thermal tolerance (longer CCRT and shorter HKDT), suggesting that these genes may be important candidates for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Boardman
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
| | - Katherine A Mitchell
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - John S Terblanche
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Jesper G Sørensen
- Section for Genetics, Ecology & Evolution, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Wang J, Chen W, Nian H, Ji X, Lin L, Wei Y, Zhang Q. Inhibition of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Synthesis Decreases Growth Rate and Membrane Fluidity of Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae at Low Temperature. Lipids 2017; 52:729-735. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kaunisto S, Ferguson LV, Sinclair BJ. Can we predict the effects of multiple stressors on insects in a changing climate? CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2016; 17:55-61. [PMID: 27720074 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The responses of insects to climate change will depend on their responses to abiotic and biotic stressors in combination. We surveyed the literature, and although synergistic stressor interactions appear common among insects, the thin taxonomic spread of existing data means that more multi-stressor studies and new approaches are needed. We need to move beyond descriptions of the effects of multiple stressors to a mechanistic, predictive understanding. Further, we must identify which stressor interactions, and species' responses to them, are sufficiently generalizable (i.e. most or all species respond similarly to the same stressor combination), and thus predictable (for new combinations of stressors, or stressors acting via known mechanisms). We discuss experimental approaches that could facilitate this shift toward predictive understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirpa Kaunisto
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, The University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Laura V Ferguson
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Brent J Sinclair
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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Boardman L, Sørensen JG, Koštál V, Šimek P, Terblanche JS. Cold tolerance is unaffected by oxygen availability despite changes in anaerobic metabolism. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32856. [PMID: 27619175 PMCID: PMC5020647 DOI: 10.1038/srep32856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect cold tolerance depends on their ability to withstand or repair perturbations in cellular homeostasis caused by low temperature stress. Decreased oxygen availability (hypoxia) can interact with low temperature tolerance, often improving insect survival. One mechanism proposed for such responses is that whole-animal cold tolerance is set by a transition to anaerobic metabolism. Here, we provide a test of this hypothesis in an insect model system (Thaumatotibia leucotreta) by experimental manipulation of oxygen availability while measuring metabolic rate, critical thermal minimum (CTmin), supercooling point and changes in 43 metabolites in moth larvae at three key timepoints (before, during and after chill coma). Furthermore, we determined the critical oxygen partial pressure below which metabolic rate was suppressed (c. 4.5 kPa). Results showed that altering oxygen availability did not affect (non-lethal) CTmin nor (lethal) supercooling point. Metabolomic profiling revealed the upregulation of anaerobic metabolites and alterations in concentrations of citric acid cycle intermediates during and after chill coma exposure. Hypoxia exacerbated the anaerobic metabolite responses induced by low temperatures. These results suggest that cold tolerance of T. leucotreta larvae is not set by oxygen limitation, and that anaerobic metabolism in these larvae may contribute to their ability to survive in necrotic fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Boardman
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Jesper G Sørensen
- Section for Genetics, Ecology &Evolution, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Vladimír Koštál
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šimek
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - John S Terblanche
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
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Boardman L, Sørensen JG, Terblanche JS. Physiological and molecular mechanisms associated with cross tolerance between hypoxia and low temperature in Thaumatotibia leucotreta. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 82:75-84. [PMID: 26376454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical adaptations allow insects to withstand exposures to hypoxia and/or hypothermia. Exposure to hypoxia may interact either synergistically or antagonistically with standard low temperature stress responses yet this has not been systematically researched and no clear mechanism has been identified to date. Using larvae of false codling moth Thaumatotibia leucotreta, a pest of southern Africa, we investigated the physiological and molecular responses to hypoxia or temperature stress pre-treatments, followed by a standard low temperature exposure. Survival rates were significantly influenced by pre-treatment conditions, although T. leucotreta shows relatively high basal resistance to various stressors (4% variation in larval survival across all pre-treatments). Results showed that mild pre-treatments with chilling and hypoxia increased resistance to low temperatures and that these responses were correlated with increased membrane fluidity (increased UFA:SFA) and/or alterations in heat shock protein 70 (HSP70); while general mechanical stress (shaking) and heat (2h at 35°C) do not elicit cross tolerance (no change in survival or molecular responses). We therefore found support for some limited cold hardening and cross tolerance responses. Given that combined exposure to hypoxia and low temperature is used to sterilize commodities in post-harvest pest management programs, researchers can now exploit these mechanisms involved in cross tolerance to develop more targeted control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Boardman
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Jesper G Sørensen
- Section for Genetics, Ecology & Evolution, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - John S Terblanche
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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He J, Yang Z, Hu B, Ji X, Wei Y, Lin L, Zhang Q. Correlation of polyunsaturated fatty acids with the cold adaptation of Rhodotorula glutinis. Yeast 2015; 32:683-90. [PMID: 26284451 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the cold adaptation of Rhodotorula glutinis YM25079 and the membrane fluidity, content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and mRNA expression level of the Δ(12)-desaturase gene. The optimum temperature for YM25079 growth was analysed first, then the composition changes of membrane lipid in YM25079 were detected by GC-MS and membrane fluidity was evaluated by 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulphonate (ANS) fluorescence. Meanwhile, the encoding sequence of Δ(12)-fatty acid desaturase in YM25079 was cloned and further transformed into Saccharomyces cerevisiae INVScl for functional analysis. The mRNA expression levels of Δ(12)-fatty acid desaturase at 15°C and 25°C were analysed by real-time PCR. YM25079 could grow at 5-30°C, with the optimum temperature of 15°C. The membrane fluidity of YM25079 was not significantly reduced when the culture temperature decreased from 25°C to 15°C, but the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including linoleic acid and α-Linolenic acid increased significantly from 29.4% to 55.39%. Furthermore, a novel Δ(12)-fatty acid desaturase gene YM25079RGD12 from YM25079 was successfully identified and characterized, and the mRNA transcription level of the Δ(12)-desaturase gene was about five-fold higher in YM25079 cells grown at 15°C than that at 25°C. These results suggests that the cold adaptation of Rhodotorula glutinis YM25079 might result from higher expression of genes, especially the Δ(12)-fatty acid desaturase gene, during polyunsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis, which increased the content of PUFAs in the cell membrane and maintained the membrane fluidity at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China.,Genetic Diagnosis Centre, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojie Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Binbin Hu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuling Ji
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlin Wei
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianbing Lin
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China
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Cui F, Wang H, Zhang H, Kang L. Anoxic stress and rapid cold hardening enhance cold tolerance of the migratory locust. Cryobiology 2014; 69:243-8. [PMID: 25086202 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Anoxia and rapid cold hardening (RCH) can increase the cold tolerance of many animals. However, mechanisms underlying these two kinds of stresses remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship of acclimation to cold stress with acclimation to anoxic stress in the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria. RCH at 0°C for 3h promoted the survival of cold stress-exposed locusts. Anoxic hypercapnia (CO2 anoxic treatment) for 40 min exerted an effect similar to that of RCH. Anoxic hypercapnia within 1h can all promote the cold hardiness of locusts. We investigated the transcript levels of six heat shock protein (Hsp) genes, namely, Hsp20.5, Hsp20.6, Hsp20.7, Hsp40, Hsp70, and Hsp90. Four genes, namely, Hsp90, Hsp40, Hsp20.5, and Hsp20.7, showed differential responses to RCH and anoxic hypercapnia treatments. Under cold stress, locusts exposed to the two regimens showed different responses for Hsp90, Hsp20.5, and Hsp20.7. However, the varied responses disappeared after recovery from cold stress. Compared with the control group, the transcript levels of six Hsp genes were generally downregulated in locusts subjected to anoxic hypercapnia or/and RCH. These results indicate that anoxic stress and RCH have different mechanisms of regulating the transcription of Hsp family members even if the two treatments exerted similar effects on cold tolerance of the migratory locust. However, Hsps may not play a major role in the promotion of cold hardiness by the two treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects & Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects & Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hanying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects & Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Le Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects & Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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