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Venturelli M, Rossman MJ, Ives SJ, Weavil JC, Amann M, Wray DW, Richardson RS. Passive leg movement-induced vasodilation and exercise-induced sympathetic vasoconstriction. Auton Neurosci 2022; 239:102969. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2022.102969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lamotte G, Benarroch EE. What Is the Clinical Correlation of Cardiac Noradrenergic Denervation in Parkinson Disease? Neurology 2021; 96:748-753. [PMID: 33970873 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Saad JM, Prochaska JO. A philosophy of health: life as reality, health as a universal value. PALGRAVE COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 6:45. [PMID: 32226633 PMCID: PMC7097380 DOI: 10.1057/s41599-020-0420-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Emphases on biomarkers (e.g. when making diagnoses) and pharmaceutical/drug methods (e.g. when researching/disseminating population level interventions) in primary care evidence philosophies of health (and healthcare) that reduce health to the biological level. However, with chronic diseases being responsible for the majority of all cause deaths and being strongly linked to health behavior and lifestyle; predominantly biological views are becoming increasingly insufficient when discussing this health crisis. A philosophy that integrates biological, behavioral, and social determinants of health could benefit multidisciplinary discussions of healthy publics. This manuscript introduces a Philosophy of Health by presenting its first five principles of health. The philosophy creates parallels among biological immunity, health behavior change, social change by proposing that two general functions-precision and variation-impact population health at biological, behavioral, and social levels. This higher-level of abstraction is used to conclude that integrating functions, rather than separated (biological) structures drive healthy publics. A Philosophy of Health provides a framework that can integrate existing theories, models, concepts, and constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M. Saad
- Cancer Prevention Research Center, The University of Rhode Island, 130 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 USA
| | - James O. Prochaska
- Cancer Prevention Research Center, The University of Rhode Island, 130 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881 USA
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Teixeira AL, Samora M, Vianna LC. Muscle metaboreflex activation via postexercise ischemia as a tool for teaching cardiovascular physiology for undergraduate students. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2019; 43:34-41. [PMID: 30540204 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00174.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The cardiovascular responses to exercise are mediated by several interactive neural mechanisms, including central command, arterial baroreflex, and skeletal muscle mechano- and metaboreflex. In humans, muscle metaboreflex activation can be isolated via postexercise ischemia (PEI), which increases sympathetic nerve activity and partially maintains the exercise-induced increase in arterial blood pressure. Here, we describe a practical laboratory class using PEI as a simple and useful technique to teach cardiovascular physiology. In an undergraduate exercise physiology class ( n = 47), a traditional 4-h lecture was conducted discussing the neural control mechanisms of cardiovascular regulation during exercise. Thereafter, eight students (4 men and 4 women) were selected to participate as a volunteer of a practical laboratory class. Each participant performed 90 s of isometric handgrip exercise at 40% of maximal voluntary contraction, followed by 3 min of PEI. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate were measured by digital monitors at rest and during isometric handgrip, PEI, and recovery. In addition, blood samples were collected from the tip of the exercising finger for blood lactate analyses. After the laboratory class, a survey was given to determine the perceptions of the students. The findings demonstrate that this laboratory class has proved to be highly popular with students, who self-reported a significant improvement in their understanding of several aspects of cardiovascular regulation during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- André L Teixeira
- NeuroV̇ASQ̇, Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasília , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Milena Samora
- NeuroV̇ASQ̇, Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasília , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Lauro C Vianna
- NeuroV̇ASQ̇, Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasília , Brasília , Brazil
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Vianna LC, Fernandes IA, Barbosa TC, Teixeira AL, Nóbrega ACL. Capsaicin-based analgesic balm attenuates the skeletal muscle metaboreflex in healthy humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:362-368. [PMID: 29698108 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00038.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The exercise pressor reflex (EPR) is comprised of group III and IV skeletal muscle afferents and is one of the principal mediators of the cardiovascular response to exercise. In animals, capsaicin-based analgesic balm (CAP) attenuates the pressor response to muscle contraction, indicating the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPv1) receptor (localized on the group IV afferent neuron) as an important mediator of the EPR. However, whether these findings can be extrapolated to humans remains unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that CAP would attenuate blood pressure (BP) and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) responses to isolated muscle metaboreflex activation in healthy men. MSNA (microneurography) and beat-to-beat heart hate (HR, by electrocardiography), and BP (finger photoplethysmography) were continuously measured in eight healthy males (23 ± 5 yr) at rest, during isometric handgrip exercise, and during postexercise ischemia (PEI). Trials were performed before and 30 and 60 min after the topical application of CAP (0.1%, CAPZASIN-HP) over the volar forearm of the subject's exercising arm. Isometric exercise evoked increases in mean BP (∆32 ± 4 mmHg) and MSNA (∆26 ± 5 bursts/min; ∆19 ± 5 bursts/100 heart beats). The increases in BP during handgrip were not affected by CAP, but the increase in MSNA was lower after 60 min of CAP application. During PEI, the increases in BP and MSNA were all significantly less than those before CAP (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, CAP attenuated BP and sympathetic responses evoked by PEI in humans. These data provide evidence that transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptors potentially contribute to the EPR in humans, via its metabolic component. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found that topical application of capsaicin-based analgesic balm attenuates arterial blood pressure and muscle sympathetic nerve activity during isolated muscle metaboreflex activation following isometric handgrip exercise in healthy humans. These findings suggest that the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 may contribute to the exercise pressor reflex in humans via its metabolic component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauro C Vianna
- NeuroVASQ - Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasília , Brasilia, Federal District , Brazil
| | - Igor A Fernandes
- NeuroVASQ - Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasília , Brasilia, Federal District , Brazil.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University , Niterói, Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Thales C Barbosa
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, Texas
| | - André L Teixeira
- NeuroVASQ - Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasília , Brasilia, Federal District , Brazil
| | - Antonio C L Nóbrega
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University , Niterói, Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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Serna LY, Mañanas MA, Hernández AM, Rabinovich RA. An Improved Dynamic Model for the Respiratory Response to Exercise. Front Physiol 2018; 9:69. [PMID: 29467674 PMCID: PMC5808356 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory system modeling has been extensively studied in steady-state conditions to simulate sleep disorders, to predict its behavior under ventilatory diseases or stimuli and to simulate its interaction with mechanical ventilation. Nevertheless, the studies focused on the instantaneous response are limited, which restricts its application in clinical practice. The aim of this study is double: firstly, to analyze both dynamic and static responses of two known respiratory models under exercise stimuli by using an incremental exercise stimulus sequence (to analyze the model responses when step inputs are applied) and experimental data (to assess prediction capability of each model). Secondly, to propose changes in the models' structures to improve their transient and stationary responses. The versatility of the resulting model vs. the other two is shown according to the ability to simulate ventilatory stimuli, like exercise, with a proper regulation of the arterial blood gases, suitable constant times and a better adjustment to experimental data. The proposed model adjusts the breathing pattern every respiratory cycle using an optimization criterion based on minimization of work of breathing through regulation of respiratory frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidy Y Serna
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre (CREB), Automatic Control Department, ESAII, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Mañanas
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre (CREB), Automatic Control Department, ESAII, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alher M Hernández
- Bioinstrumentation and Clinical Engineering Research Group - GIBIC, Bioengineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Roberto A Rabinovich
- ELEGI and COLT Laboratories, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Shoemaker JK, Klassen SA, Badrov MB, Fadel PJ. Fifty years of microneurography: learning the language of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system in humans. J Neurophysiol 2018; 119:1731-1744. [PMID: 29412776 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00841.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As a primary component of homeostasis, the sympathetic nervous system enables rapid adjustments to stress through its ability to communicate messages among organs and cause targeted and graded end organ responses. Key in this communication model is the pattern of neural signals emanating from the central to peripheral components of the sympathetic nervous system. But what is the communication strategy employed in peripheral sympathetic nerve activity (SNA)? Can we develop and interpret the system of coding in SNA that improves our understanding of the neural control of the circulation? In 1968, Hagbarth and Vallbo (Hagbarth KE, Vallbo AB. Acta Physiol Scand 74: 96-108, 1968) reported the first use of microneurographic methods to record sympathetic discharges in peripheral nerves of conscious humans, allowing quantification of SNA at rest and sympathetic responsiveness to physiological stressors in health and disease. This technique also has enabled a growing investigation into the coding patterns within, and cardiovascular outcomes associated with, postganglionic SNA. This review outlines how results obtained by microneurographic means have improved our understanding of SNA outflow patterns at the action potential level, focusing on SNA directed toward skeletal muscle in conscious humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kevin Shoemaker
- School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
| | - Stephen A Klassen
- School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
| | - Mark B Badrov
- School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
| | - Paul J Fadel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington, Texas
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Dubey P, Tiwari S, Bajpai M, Singh K, Jha P. Effect of Metaboreflex on Cardiovascular System in Subjects of Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:CC01-CC04. [PMID: 28892884 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/27583.10178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metaboreflex is a reflex in which muscle receptors send signals regarding metabolic (metabolites accumulation like lactic acid, potassium, adenosine) conditions of the muscles to nucleus tractus solitarius via afferent III and IV fibres to cause haemodynamic adjustments in order to regulate blood flow on the basis of the status of contracting muscle. Dysregulation in its mechanism in metabolic syndrome is demonstrated. AIM To study the effect of metaboreflex by both isometric and rhythmic handgrip exercise on CVS parameters {Blood Pressure (BP), Cardiac Output (CO) and Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)} in subjects of metabolic syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, 27 subjects aged 25 to 45 years were enrolled after ethical clearance and proper consent. They were divided into: a) subjects without metabolic syndrome; and b) subjects with metabolic syndrome. Impedance cardiovasography was done to assess cardiac parameters (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance). Pre-exercise parameters were assessed followed by isometric exercise and post-isometric exercise parameter measurement. Again after rest, rhythmic exercise was followed. Finally post exercise parameters were assessed. Student paired t-test for comparison between pre and post exercise parameters were done. RESULTS Changes in diastolic BP following exercise were statistically significant in subjects without metabolic syndrome (p-value 0.01 and 0.001 following isometric and rhythmic exercise respectively). In subjects with metabolic syndrome also these changes were significant, but to a lesser extent (p-value 0.1 and 0.01 respectively for isometric and rhythmic exercise). Changes in systolic BP following exercise were statistically significant in subjects without metabolic syndrome (p-value 0.001 and 0.001 following isometric and rhythmic exercise respectively). In subjects with metabolic syndrome also these changes were significant (p-value 0.01 and 0.001 respectively for isometric and rhythmic exercise). CONCLUSION Diminished pressor response is found after exercise in subjects with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramita Dubey
- Junior Resident, Department of Physiology, KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sunita Tiwari
- Professor and Head, Department of Physiology, KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Bajpai
- Professor, Department of Physiology, KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kalpana Singh
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, KGMU, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Praveen Jha
- Senior Resident, Department of Gastroenterology, RMLIMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Methods of assessment of the post-exercise cardiac autonomic recovery: A methodological review. Int J Cardiol 2017; 227:795-802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Costalat G, Coquart J, Castres I, Joulia F, Sirost O, Clua E, Lemaître F. The oxygen-conserving potential of the diving response: A kinetic-based analysis. J Sports Sci 2016; 35:678-687. [PMID: 27167834 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1183809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the oxygen-conserving potential of the human diving response by comparing trained breath-hold divers (BHDs) to non-divers (NDs) during simulated dynamic breath-holding (BH). Changes in haemodynamics [heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO)] and peripheral muscle oxygenation [oxyhaemoglobin ([HbO2]), deoxyhaemoglobin ([HHb]), total haemoglobin ([tHb]), tissue saturation index (TSI)] and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) were continuously recorded during simulated dynamic BH. BHDs showed a breaking point in HR kinetics at mid-BH immediately preceding a more pronounced drop in HR (-0.86 bpm.%-1) while HR kinetics in NDs steadily decreased throughout BH (-0.47 bpm.%-1). By contrast, SV remained unchanged during BH in both groups (all P > 0.05). Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) results (mean ± SD) expressed as percentage changes from the initial values showed a lower [HHb] increase for BHDs than for NDs at the cessation of BH (+24.0 ± 10.1 vs. +39.2 ± 9.6%, respectively; P < 0.05). As a result, BHDs showed a [tHb] drop that NDs did not at the end of BH (-7.3 ± 3.2 vs. -3.0 ± 4.7%, respectively; P < 0.05). The most striking finding of the present study was that BHDs presented an increase in oxygen-conserving efficiency due to substantial shifts in both cardiac and peripheral haemodynamics during simulated BH. In addition, the kinetic-based approach we used provides further credence to the concept of an "oxygen-conserving breaking point" in the human diving response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeremy Coquart
- a CETAPS Laboratory , Normandie University , Mont Saint-Aignan , France
| | - Ingrid Castres
- a CETAPS Laboratory , Normandie University , Mont Saint-Aignan , France
| | - Fabrice Joulia
- b UMR MD2, Aix Marseille University and IRBA , Marseille , France
| | - Olivier Sirost
- a CETAPS Laboratory , Normandie University , Mont Saint-Aignan , France
| | - Eric Clua
- c NRS-EPHE , USR3278 , Papetoai , French Polynesia
| | - Frédéric Lemaître
- a CETAPS Laboratory , Normandie University , Mont Saint-Aignan , France
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