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Alsaigh H, Alrashdi M. Morphometric analysis of tooth morphology among different malocclusion groups in a hispanic population. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:199. [PMID: 37013534 PMCID: PMC10071771 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02882-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been reports of unique dental morphological features amongst Latin American and Hispanic populations, and this might invalidate the use of current orthodontic diagnostic tools within this population. There are no tooth size/tooth ratio normative standards for the Hispanic population, despite overwhelming evidence about differences in tooth size between racial groups. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether there are significant differences in 3-D tooth shape between patients with Angle Class I, Class II, and Class III dental malocclusion in the Hispanic population. METHODOLOGY Orthodontic study models representing Hispanic orthodontic patients with Angle Class I, II, and III dental malocclusions scanned using an intra-oral scanner. The scanned models were digitized and transferred to a geometric morphometric system. Tooth size shape were determined, quantified, and visualized using contemporary geometric morphometric computational tools using MorphoJ software. General Procrustes Analysis (GPA) and canonical variates analysis (CVA) used to delineate the features of shape that are unique to each group. RESULT The study revealed differences in tooth shape between the different dental malocclusion groups on all twenty-eight teeth that were studied; the pattern of shape differences varied between the teeth and the dental malocclusions. The MANOVA test criteria, F approximations, and P-values show that shape in all the groups was significantly different < 0.05. CONCLUSION This study revealed differences in tooth shape between the different dental malocclusions on all teeth, and the pattern of shape differences varied between the different dental malocclusions group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Alsaigh
- Orthodontics Section, Dentistry Administration, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Murad Alrashdi
- Department of Orthodontic and Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Oeschger ES, Kanavakis G, Cocos A, Halazonetis DJ, Gkantidis N. Number of Teeth Is Related to Craniofacial Morphology in Humans. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040544. [PMID: 35453743 PMCID: PMC9029740 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In modern humans, congenital absence of one or more permanent teeth has a prevalence of 22.6% when considering the third molars and of 6.4% when not. Its high prevalence, in conjunction with evolutionary findings pinpointing to a steady reduction in teeth number, raises the question whether the congenital absence of teeth in modern humans is an evolutionary trend rather than an anomaly. Previous studies have shown that modern humans with less teeth also have smaller faces; however, the association between teeth number and craniofacial morphology remains unclear. Here, we show that less teeth are associated with a flatter profile and a decreased facial height. These findings support the claim of a broader relationship between number of teeth and overall craniofacial development and have evolutionary implications, since face reduction comprises also an evolutionary trend in humans. Abstract One of the most common dental anomalies in humans is the congenital absence of teeth, referred to as tooth agenesis. The association of tooth agenesis to craniofacial morphology has been previously investigated but remains unclear. We investigated this association by applying geometric morphometric methods in a large sample of modern humans. In line with previous studies, we report here that a reduced teeth number is linked to a less convex profile, as well as to a shorter face. The effects were similar for males and females; they increased as the severity of the tooth agenesis increased and remained unaltered by the inclusion of third molars and of allometry in the analysis. Furthermore, in cases with tooth agenesis only in the maxilla, there was no detectable effect in mandibular shape, whereas maxillary shape was affected independently of the location of missing teeth. The robustness of the present sample along with the shape analysis and the statistical approach applied, allowed for thorough testing of various contributing factors regarding the presence but also the magnitude of effects. The present findings suggest a relationship between number of teeth and overall craniofacial development and have evolutionary implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias S. Oeschger
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Georgios Kanavakis
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB—University School of Dental Medicine, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland;
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Alina Cocos
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (A.C.); (D.J.H.)
| | - Demetrios J. Halazonetis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (A.C.); (D.J.H.)
| | - Nikolaos Gkantidis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Correspondence:
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Mesiodistal dimensions of teeth in Serbian orthodontic patients with hypodontia. SRP ARK CELOK LEK 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/sarh200410007z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction/Objective. Hypodontia is a common dental anomaly that occurs
either in a non-syndromic form or as a part of various syndromes. It is
considered a multifactorial condition with genetic, epigenetic and
environmental influences, the interplay of which can lead to various
anomalies in tooth size and number. The aim of this study was to assess
mesiodistal tooth dimensions in Serbian hypodontia orthodontic patients and
compare them to healthy controls using digital study models. Methods. Fifty
subjects (30 females, 20 males) divided into two groups - 25 with hypodontia
(15 females, 10 males) and 25 gender-matched controls (15 females, 10 males)
were included in the study. Alginate impressions were taken and plaster
models poured, digitized and imported into the software where mesiodistal
dimensions were obtained. Results. Intra-operator reliability was high. All
teeth in the hypodontia group had smaller mesiodistal dimensions compared to
controls. Statistical significance was noted for all teeth except for upper
canines. No statistically significant differences were found between males
and females in neither the hypodontia nor the control group, except for
lower canines, which were significantly smaller in both hypodontia and
control females. The most commonly missing teeth were upper lateral
incisors, and lower and upper premolars. Conclusion. Hypodontia group
presented with smaller mesiodistal dimensions compared to controls. The
greatest difference in mesiodistal dimensions was found in upper lateral
incisors and lower first molars. Lower canines were significantly larger in
males compared to females in both groups.
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Abstract
During human evolution there has been an increase in the size of the brain and the cranium, whereas the size of the face, as well as the size and number of teeth have decreased. In modern humans, the occurrence of missing permanent teeth, namely tooth agenesis, is common. It could be attributed to a biological mechanism of tooth number reduction that has evolved during time and might still be active. Although, if evident, it would add support to this theory, the relationship between this phenotype and craniofacial size remains largely unknown. The present case-control study shows that modern individuals with tooth agenesis have indeed smaller facial configurations. For example, a 15-year-old female with no, one, or ten missing teeth would have a facial centroid size of 511.83, 510.81, or 501.70 mm, respectively. No such effect was observable in the cranial base and the cranium. Our results suggest that common gene regulatory mechanisms that have evolved over time, continue to regulate the number of teeth and facial size of modern humans in a coordinated manner. We anticipate our findings to enrich our understanding of the evolution and development of the human head and kindle future developmental research on this field.
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Leonardi R, Muraglie S, Rugeri M, Barbato E. Three-dimensional evaluations of the digital casts of morphologic maxillary teeth symmetry in patients with unilateral palatally displaced canines. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019; 155:339-346. [PMID: 30826036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The goal of this study was to compare the size and morphologic symmetry of the maxillary teeth in subjects with and without unilateral palatally displaced canines (PDCs). METHODS Plaster casts of 38 subjects (mean age 14.75 ± 0.95 y) with unilateral PDCs were selected (study group [SG]) and compared with casts from an age- and sex-matched control group (CG). Then dental casts of both groups were scanned into 3-dimensional (3D) models. Tooth sizes (mesiodistal [MD] and buccolingual [BL] widths and volumes) for SG and CG were measured. Afterward, 3D deviation analysis was carried out with the use of Geomagic Control X software. All of the data were normally distributed according to parametric tests. RESULTS All of the maxillary tooth diameters were smaller in SG than in CG. Statistically significant differences (P ≤ 0.001) were obtained when comparing the widths and volumes of the PDC quadrant and the unaffected quadrant of the same patient. Morphologic tooth symmetry by surface-to-surface matching for SG (PDC side vs non-PDC side) and CG (right vs left quadrant) demonstrated significant (P ≤ 0.001) but small differences, except for the lateral upper incisors (71.27%). CONCLUSIONS Unlike control subjects, PDC patients showed high mismatching of lateral incisor crowns of ∼30%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Leonardi
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Simone Muraglie
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Rugeri
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Ersilia Barbato
- Department of Orthodontics, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
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Woods C, Fernee C, Browne M, Zakrzewski S, Dickinson A. The potential of statistical shape modelling for geometric morphometric analysis of human teeth in archaeological research. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186754. [PMID: 29216199 PMCID: PMC5720725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper introduces statistical shape modelling (SSM) for use in osteoarchaeology research. SSM is a full field, multi-material analytical technique, and is presented as a supplementary geometric morphometric (GM) tool. Lower mandibular canines from two archaeological populations and one modern population were sampled, digitised using micro-CT, aligned, registered to a baseline and statistically modelled using principal component analysis (PCA). Sample material properties were incorporated as a binary enamel/dentin parameter. Results were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively using anatomical landmarks. Finally, the technique’s application was demonstrated for inter-sample comparison through analysis of the principal component (PC) weights. It was found that SSM could provide high detail qualitative and quantitative insight with respect to archaeological inter- and intra-sample variability. This technique has value for archaeological, biomechanical and forensic applications including identification, finite element analysis (FEA) and reconstruction from partial datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Woods
- Bioengineering Sciences Research Group, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Highfield, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Christianne Fernee
- Department of Archaeology, University of Southampton, Avenue Campus, Highfield, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Browne
- Bioengineering Sciences Research Group, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Highfield, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Zakrzewski
- Department of Archaeology, University of Southampton, Avenue Campus, Highfield, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Dickinson
- Bioengineering Sciences Research Group, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Highfield, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Gkantidis N, Katib H, Oeschger E, Karamolegkou M, Topouzelis N, Kanavakis G. Patterns of non-syndromic permanent tooth agenesis in a large orthodontic population. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 79:42-47. [PMID: 28288390 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to explore patterns of non-syndromic permanent tooth agenesis in a large orthodontic patient group. DESIGN A record review was performed in various orthodontic clinics to identify white patients with non-syndromic permanent tooth agenesis, excluding 3rd molars. Four hundred and fourteen subjects fulfilled the inclusion criteria. RESULTS In the 414 subjects with tooth agenesis, approximately 70% presented 1-2 missing teeth. Symmetric agenesis patterns were often observed in the sample (by jaw, by side, or crossed quadrants), with prevalence approaching 30% for cases with contralateral tooth agenesis within a jaw. In cases with 1 or 2 missing teeth, from the total number of potential tooth agenesis patterns in the sample, a certain part was evident, limiting the variation to 27.8% (44/158). In the entire sample, both in the maxilla and the mandible a certain incisor/premolar agenesis phenotype was observed in 59.0% of cases in isolated form. CONCLUSIONS Although there was variation in the tooth agenesis patterns, our findings suggest the involvement of particular genetic, epigenetic, and/or environmental factors in the formation of the entire dentition, which often lead to specific tooth agenesis phenotypes in cases where this process is disrupted. The present study provides a comprehensive categorization of orthodontic cases with tooth agenesis and can assist in planning future epidemiological and genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Gkantidis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Hattan Katib
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elias Oeschger
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marina Karamolegkou
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, 2 Thivon Str, 115 27, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Topouzelis
- Department of Orthodontics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54 124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Kanavakis
- Department of Orthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, 1 Kneeland Street, MA 02111, Boston, USA
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Miller SF, Vela KC, Levy SM, Southard TE, Gratton DG, Moreno Uribe LM. Patterns of morphological integration in the dental arches of individuals with malocclusion. Am J Hum Biol 2016; 28:879-889. [PMID: 27292446 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In humans, there is a large range of variation in the form of the maxillary and mandibular dental arches. This variation can manifest as either prognathism or retrognathism in either or both arches, which can cause malocclusion and lead to abnormal masticatory function. This study aims to identify aspects of variation and morphological integration existing in the dental arches of individuals with different types of malocclusion. METHODS Coordinate landmark data were collected along the gingival margins of 397 scanned dental casts and then analyzed using geometric morphometric techniques to explore arch form variation and patterns of morphological integration within each malocclusion type. RESULTS Significant differences were identified between Class II forms (increased projection of upper arch relative to the lower arch) and Class III forms (lower arch projection beyond the upper arch) in symmetrical shape variation, including anteroposterior arch discrepancies and abnormal anterior arch divergence or convergence. Partial least squares analysis demonstrated that Class III dental arches have higher levels of covariance between upper and lower arches (RV = 0.91) compared to the dental arches of Class II (RV = 0.78) and Class I (RV = 0.73). These high levels of covariance, however, are on the lower end of the overall range of possible masticatory blocks, indicating weaker than expected levels of integration. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for patterns of variation in dental arch shape found in individuals with Class II and Class III malocclusions. Moreover, differences in integration found between malocclusion types have ramifications for how such conditions should be studied and treated. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:879-889, 2016. © 2016Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven F Miller
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
| | - Kaci C Vela
- Orthodontics Private Practice, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
| | - Steven M Levy
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242.,Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
| | - Thomas E Southard
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
| | - David G Gratton
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
| | - Lina M Moreno Uribe
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242.,Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
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