1
|
Fernández MS, Cueto GR, Manteca-Acosta M, Salomón OD. Nyssomyia whitmani (Diptera: Psychodidae) Activity From Sunset to Sunrise: A Two-Year Study in a Rural Area in Northeast Argentina. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 60:51-61. [PMID: 36308521 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We model the nocturnal patterns of the main vector of Leishmania braziliensis (Vianna) in the Paranaense region of South America, Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho). Occurrence and abundance variation were analyzed by hourly periods, and in relation to sunrise and sunset to avoid differences in luminosity at fixed times throughout the year. The possible role of climatic and environmental variables on nocturnal activity curves was explored. A rotating light trap was operated biweekly in the peridomestic henhouse of a farm in Puerto Iguazú, from May 2016 to May 2018. Ny. whitmani, is the predominant Phlebotominae species (6,720 specimens captured), and is present throughout the night and seasons. Generalized additive models of nocturnal abundance of Ny. whitmani show a bell shape with an acrophase in the early evening. Models of abundance distribution as a function of total abundance showed significant nonlinear variations, only for the tertile of highest vector abundance, in the curves by hourly periods, and related to dawn, while female abundance relative to total abundance showed an asymptotic increasing curve, suggesting density-dependent events with abundance thresholds. Finally, temperature was the variable that best explained the pattern of abundance distribution of Ny. whitmani during the night, although triggers for scotophase activity due to internal clocks or luminosity could not be ruled out. The relationship of activity and abundance with climatic variables would also explain the nights of extraordinary abundance, and therefore of greater probability of vector-human and vector-reservoir contacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María S Fernández
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires e Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerardo R Cueto
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires e Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Manteca-Acosta
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias (CeNDIE), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios de Investigación en Salud (ANLIS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar D Salomón
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, (INMeT), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios de Investigación en Salud, Puerto Iguazú, Argentina (ANLIS) y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tan MK, Robillard T, ter Hofstede H. The circadian calling activity of a lebinthine cricket with high-frequency calls is unaffected by cicada choruses in the day. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14641. [PMID: 36650831 PMCID: PMC9840852 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many factors can influence circadian rhythms in animals. For acoustically communicating species, both abiotic cues (such as light and temperature) and biotic cues (such as the activity of other animals), can influence the timing of signalling activity. Here we compare the 24-h singing activity of the cricket Lebinthus luae in the laboratory and field to assess whether the presence of other singing insects influences circadian rhythm. Methods Acoustic monitors were placed in four localities in Singapore and the number of L. luae calls were counted for 10 min of each hour. Individuals from the same localities were captured and recorded in the laboratory in silence but with similar abiotic conditions (temperature and light cycle) as they experience in the field, and the number of calls over 24 h was quantified. Results The 24-h pattern of L. luae singing was not significantly different between laboratory and field recordings. Singing activity peaked in the morning, with a secondary peak in the afternoon and a smaller peak at night. In the field, L. luae sang in the same locations and at the same time as diurnally singing cicadas, suggesting that the sympatric cicada chorus did not affect the circadian rhythm of communication in this species. Acoustic niche partitioning could potentially explain the ability of this cricket to call alongside cicadas: L. luae sings at higher frequencies than sympatric cicadas, unlike nocturnally singing cricket species that overlap with cicadas in frequency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Kai Tan
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, SU, EPHE, UA, Paris, France
| | - Tony Robillard
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, SU, EPHE, UA, Paris, France
| | - Hannah ter Hofstede
- Dartmouth College, Department of Biological Sciences, New Hampshire, United States of America,Graduate Program in Ecology, Evolution, Environment and Society, Dartmouth College, New Hampshire, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Seki M, Ito H. Evolution of self-sustained circadian rhythms is facilitated by seasonal change of daylight. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220577. [PMID: 36416042 PMCID: PMC9682437 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-sustained oscillation is a fundamental property of circadian rhythms and has been repeatedly tested since the early days of circadian research, resulting in the discovery of almost all organisms possessing self-sustained circadian oscillations. However, the evolutionary advantage of self-sustainability has been only speculatively discussed. In this theoretical study, we sought the environmental constraints and selection pressure that drive the acquisition or degeneration of self-sustainability through the process of evolution. We considered the dynamics of a gene regulatory network having a light input pathway under 12 h light and 12 h dark cycles or multiple day length conditions and then optimized the network structure using an evolutionary algorithm. By designing the fitness function in the evolutionary algorithm, we investigated the environmental conditions that led to the evolution of the self-sustained oscillators. Then, we found that self-sustained oscillation is rarer than damped oscillation and hourglass-type behaviour. Moreover, networks with self-sustainability have a markedly high fitness score when we assume that a network has to generate a constantly periodic expression profile regardless of day length. This study is, to our knowledge, the first to show that seasonality facilitated the evolution of the self-sustained circadian clock, which was consistent with empirical records.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motohide Seki
- Faculty of Design, Kyushu Univesity, Fukuoka 815-8540, Japan
- Institute for Asian and Oceanian Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Faculty of Design, Kyushu Univesity, Fukuoka 815-8540, Japan
- Institute for Asian and Oceanian Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Males of Aedes aegypti show different clock gene expression profiles in the presence of conspecific females. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:374. [PMID: 36258200 PMCID: PMC9578191 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study of behavioral and physiological traits in mosquitoes has been mainly focused on females since males are not hematophagous and thus do not transfer the parasites that cause diseases in human populations. However, the performance of male mosquitoes is key for the expansion of populations and the perpetuation of mosquito species. Pre-copulatory communication between males and females is the initial and essential step for the success of copulation and studying the male facet of this interaction provides fertile ground for the improvement of vector control strategies. Like in most animals, reproduction, feeding, and oviposition are closely associated with locomotor activity in mosquitoes. Rhythmic cycles of locomotor activity have been previously described in Aedes aegypti, and in females, they are known to be altered by blood-feeding and arbovirus infection. In previous work, we found that males in the presence of females significantly change their locomotor activity profiles, with a shift in the phase of the activity peak. Here, we investigated whether this shift is associated with changes in the expression level of three central circadian clock genes. Methods Real-time PCR reactions were performed for the gene period, cycle, and cryptochrome 2 in samples of heads, antennae, and abdominal tips of solitary males and males in the presence of females. Assays with antennae-ablated males were also performed, asking whether this is an essential organ mediating the communication and the variation in activity profiles. Results The gene period showed a conserved expression pattern in all tissues and conditions, while the other two genes varied according to the male condition. A remarking pattern was observed in cry2, where the difference between the amplitude of expression at the beginning of photophase and the expression peak in the scotophase was greater when males were in the presence of females. Antennae ablation in males did not have a significant effect on the expression profiles, suggesting that female recognition may involve other senses besides hearing and olfaction. Conclusion Our results suggest that the expression of gene cryptochrome 2 varies in association with the interaction between males and females. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05529-8.
Collapse
|
5
|
Teles-de-Freitas R, Rivas GBS, Peixoto AA, Bruno RV. The Summer Is Coming: nocte and timeless Genes Are Influenced by Temperature Cycles and May Affect Aedes aegypti Locomotor Activity. Front Physiol 2020; 11:614722. [PMID: 33424639 PMCID: PMC7786104 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.614722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes exhibit activity rhythms, crucial for the transmission of pathogens, under the control of a circadian clock. Aedes aegypti is one of the world’s leading vectors. For decades, several studies have linked the rise in ambient temperature with the increase in their activity. Here, we identify candidate genes whose expression is influenced by temperature cycles and may affect Aedes locomotor activity. We observed that timeless completely lost its rhythmic expression in light/dark, with out-of-phase temperature cycles, and by RNAi mediated knockdown of nocte, an important gene for Drosophila circadian synchronization by temperature cycles. Thus, timeless and nocte are important genes for synchronization by temperature cycles in Aedes aegypti. To reinforce our findings, we simulated in the laboratory the gradual temperature fluctuations that were as close as possible to daily temperature variations in Brazil. We observed that the activity and the expression of the molecular circadian clock of Ae. aegypti differs significantly from that of mosquitoes subjected to constant or rectangular abrupt changes in temperature. We suggest that for understanding the circadian behavior of Aedes with possible implications for intervention strategies, the seminatural paradigm needs to replace the traditional laboratory study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rayane Teles-de-Freitas
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo B S Rivas
- Department of Biology, Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Alexandre A Peixoto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM)/CNPq, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Vieira Bruno
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM)/CNPq, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Carabids Influenced by Small-Scale Admixture of Oak Trees in Pine Stands. DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12100398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In a region with poor soil fertility, low annual precipitation and large areas of homogenous Pinus sylvestris L. forests, conservation of old sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) trees is one option to enrich structure and species richness. We studied the affinities of Carabus coriaceus, C. violaceus, C. hortensis and C. arvensis for specific tree species and the resultant intra- and interspecific interactions. We focused on their temporal and spatial distributions. Pitfall traps were used as a surface-related capture method on a grid over an area of three hectares. Generalised linear models and generalised linear geostatistical models were used to analyse carabid activity densities related to distance-dependent spatial effects corresponding to tree zones (oak, oak–pine, pine). The results demonstrated significant spatial affinities among these carabids, especially for females and during the period of highest activity. Individuals of C. coriaceus showed a tendency to the oak zone and C. hortensis exhibited a significant affinity to the oak–pine mixture. Imagines of C. arvensis and C. violaceus were more closely related to pine. The observed temporal and spatial coexistence of the different Carabus species reveals that single admixed old oak trees can support greater diversity within pine-dominated forests.
Collapse
|
7
|
Tarrant AM, Helm RR, Levy O, Rivera HE. Environmental entrainment demonstrates natural circadian rhythmicity in the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.205393. [PMID: 31611292 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.205393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Considerable advances in chronobiology have been made through controlled laboratory studies, but distinct temporal rhythms can emerge under natural environmental conditions. Lab-reared Nematostella vectensis sea anemones exhibit circadian behavioral and physiological rhythms. Given that these anemones inhabit shallow estuarine environments subject to tidal inputs, it was unclear whether circadian rhythmicity would persist following entrainment in natural conditions, or whether circatidal periodicity would predominate. Nematostella were conditioned within a marsh environment, where they experienced strong daily temperature cycles as well as brief tidal flooding around the full and new moons. Upon retrieval, anemones exhibited strong circadian (∼24 h) activity rhythms under a light-dark cycle or continuous darkness, but reduced circadian rhythmicity under continuous light. However, some individuals in each light condition showed circadian rhythmicity, and a few individuals showed circatidal rhythmicity. Consistent with the behavioral studies, a large number of transcripts (1640) exhibited diurnal rhythmicity compared with very few (64) with semidiurnal rhythmicity. Diurnal transcripts included core circadian regulators, and 101 of 434 (23%) genes that were previously found to be upregulated by exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Together, these behavioral and transcriptional studies show that circadian rhythmicity predominates and suggest that solar radiation drives physiological cycles in this sediment-dwelling subtidal animal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Tarrant
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole MA 02543, USA
| | - Rebecca R Helm
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole MA 02543, USA.,Biology Department, University of North Carolina Asheville, Asheville NC 28804, USA
| | - Oren Levy
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Hanny E Rivera
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole MA 02543, USA.,Biology Department, Boston University, Boston MA 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Simões T, Novais SC, Natal-da-Luz T, Renaud M, Leston S, Ramos F, Römbke J, Roelofs D, van Straalen NM, Sousa JP, Lemos MFL. From laboratory to the field: Validating molecular markers of effect in Folsomia candida exposed to a fungicide-based formulation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 127:522-530. [PMID: 30981023 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Under controlled laboratory conditions, toxicity data tend to be less variable than in more realistic in-field studies and responses may thus differ from those in the natural environment, creating uncertainty. The validation of data under environmental conditions is therefore a major asset in environmental risk assessment of chemicals. The present study aimed to validate the mode of action of a commercial fungicide formulation in the soil invertebrate F. candida, under more realistic exposure scenarios (in-field bioassay), by targeting specific molecular biomarkers retrieved from laboratory experiments. Organisms were exposed in soil cores under minimally controlled field conditions for 4 days to a chlorothalonil fungicide dosage causing 75% reduction of reproduction in a previous laboratory experiment (127 mg a.i. kg-1) and half this concentration (60 mg a.i. kg-1). After exposure, organisms were retrieved and RNA was extracted from each pool of organisms. According to previous laboratorial omics results with the same formulation, ten genes were selected for gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR, corresponding to key genes of affected biological pathways including glutathione metabolism, oxidation-reduction, body morphogenesis, and reproduction. Six of these genes presented a dose-response trend with higher up- or down-regulation with increasing pesticide concentrations. Highly significant correlations between their expression patterns in laboratory and in-field experiments were observed. This work shows that effects of toxicants can be clearly demonstrated in more realistic conditions using validated biomarkers. Our work outlines a set of genes that can be used to assess the early effects of pesticides in a realistic agricultural scenario.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Simões
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal; Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Sara C Novais
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal; Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tiago Natal-da-Luz
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mathieu Renaud
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sara Leston
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal; Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ramos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jörg Römbke
- ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Flörsheim, Germany
| | - Dick Roelofs
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nico M van Straalen
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - José P Sousa
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marco F L Lemos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rivas GBS, Teles-de-Freitas R, Pavan MG, Lima JBP, Peixoto AA, Bruno RV. Effects of Light and Temperature on Daily Activity and Clock Gene Expression in Two Mosquito Disease Vectors. J Biol Rhythms 2018; 33:272-288. [DOI: 10.1177/0748730418772175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo B. S. Rivas
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | - Rayane Teles-de-Freitas
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz – Fiocruz & Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Márcio G. Pavan
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José B. P. Lima
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz – Fiocruz & Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM)/CNPq, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A. Peixoto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM)/CNPq, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Vieira Bruno
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM)/CNPq, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chahad-Ehlers S, Arthur LP, Lima ALA, Gesto JSM, Torres FR, Peixoto AA, de Brito RA. Expanding the view of Clock and cycle gene evolution in Diptera. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 26:317-331. [PMID: 28234413 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We expanded the view of Clock (Clk) and cycle (cyc) gene evolution in Diptera by studying the fruit fly Anastrepha fraterculus (Afra), a Brachycera. Despite the high conservation of clock genes amongst insect groups, striking structural and functional differences of some clocks have appeared throughout evolution. Clk and cyc nucleotide sequences and corresponding proteins were characterized, along with their mRNA expression data, to provide an evolutionary overview in the two major groups of Diptera: Lower Diptera and Higher Brachycera. We found that AfraCYC lacks the BMAL (Brain and muscle ARNT-like) C-terminus region (BCTR) domain and is constitutively expressed, suggesting that AfraCLK has the main transactivation function, which is corroborated by the presence of poly-Q repeats and an oscillatory pattern. Our analysis suggests that the loss of BCTR in CYC is not exclusive of drosophilids, as it also occurs in other Acalyptratae flies such as tephritids and drosophilids, however, but it is also present in some Calyptratae, such as Muscidae, Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae. This indicates that BCTR is missing from CYC of all higher-level Brachycera and that it was lost during the evolution of Lower Brachycera. Thus, we can infer that CLK protein may play the main role in the CLK\CYC transcription complex in these flies, like in its Drosophila orthologues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Chahad-Ehlers
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - L P Arthur
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - A L A Lima
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - J S M Gesto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - F R Torres
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - A A Peixoto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - R A de Brito
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Circadian Rhythm Neuropeptides in Drosophila: Signals for Normal Circadian Function and Circadian Neurodegenerative Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040886. [PMID: 28430154 PMCID: PMC5412466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is a ubiquitous phenomenon in many organisms ranging from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. During more than four decades, the intrinsic and exogenous regulations of circadian rhythm have been studied. This review summarizes the core endogenous oscillation in Drosophila and then focuses on the neuropeptides, neurotransmitters and hormones that mediate its outputs and integration in Drosophila and the links between several of these (pigment dispersing factor (PDF) and insulin-like peptides) and neurodegenerative disease. These signaling molecules convey important network connectivity and signaling information for normal circadian function, but PDF and insulin-like peptides can also convey signals that lead to apoptosis, enhanced neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in flies carrying circadian mutations or in a senescent state.
Collapse
|