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Yao H, Dou Z, Zhao Z, Liang X, Yue H, Ma W, Su Z, Wang Y, Hao Z, Yan H, Wu Z, Wang L, Chen G, Yang J. Transcriptome analysis of the Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) reveals candidate genes affecting milk production traits. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:660. [PMID: 37919661 PMCID: PMC10621195 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09703-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Milk production traits are complex traits with vital economic importance in the camel industry. However, the genetic mechanisms regulating milk production traits in camels remain poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to identify candidate genes and metabolic pathways that affect milk production traits in Bactrian camels. METHODS We classified camels (fourth parity) as low- or high-yield, examined pregnant camels using B-mode ultrasonography, observed the microscopic changes in the mammary gland using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and used RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways. RESULTS The average standard milk yield over the 300 days during parity was recorded as 470.18 ± 9.75 and 978.34 ± 3.80 kg in low- and high-performance camels, respectively. Nine female Junggar Bactrian camels were subjected to transcriptome sequencing, and 609 and 393 DEGs were identified in the low-yield vs. high-yield (WDL vs. WGH) and pregnancy versus colostrum period (RSQ vs. CRQ) comparison groups, respectively. The DEGs were compared with genes associated with milk production traits in the Animal Quantitative Trait Loci database and in Alashan Bactrian camels, and 65 and 46 overlapping candidate genes were obtained, respectively. Functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction network analyses of the DEGs and candidate genes were conducted. After comparing our results with those of other livestock studies, we identified 16 signaling pathways and 27 core candidate genes associated with maternal parturition, estrogen regulation, initiation of lactation, and milk production traits. The pathways suggest that emerged milk production involves the regulation of multiple complex metabolic and cellular developmental processes in camels. Finally, the RNA sequencing results were validated using quantitative real-time PCR; the 15 selected genes exhibited consistent expression changes. CONCLUSIONS This study identified DEGs and metabolic pathways affecting maternal parturition and milk production traits. The results provides a theoretical foundation for further research on the molecular mechanism of genes related to milk production traits in camels. Furthermore, these findings will help improve breeding strategies to achieve the desired milk yield in camels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaibing Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Street, Urumqi, 830017, Xinjiang, PR China
- Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Zhihua Dou
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Street, Urumqi, 830017, Xinjiang, PR China
- Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Zhongkai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Street, Urumqi, 830017, Xinjiang, PR China
- Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Xiaorui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Street, Urumqi, 830017, Xinjiang, PR China
- Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Haitao Yue
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Street, Urumqi, 830017, Xinjiang, PR China
- Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Wanpeng Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Zhanqiang Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Xinjiang Altai Regional Animal Husbandry Veterinary Station, Altay, 836500, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zelin Hao
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Street, Urumqi, 830017, Xinjiang, PR China
- Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Street, Urumqi, 830017, Xinjiang, PR China
- Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Zhuangyuan Wu
- Xinjiang Altai Regional Animal Husbandry Veterinary Station, Altay, 836500, Xinjiang, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi, 830017, China
- Bactrian Camel Academy of Xinjiang, Xinjiang Wangyuan Camel Milk Limited Company, Altay, 836500, Xinjiang, China
| | - Gangliang Chen
- Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi, 830017, China
- Bactrian Camel Academy of Xinjiang, Xinjiang Wangyuan Camel Milk Limited Company, Altay, 836500, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 777 Huarui Street, Urumqi, 830017, Xinjiang, PR China.
- Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi, 830017, China.
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Fang X, Gu B, Chen M, Sun R, Zhang J, Zhao L, Zhao Y. Genome-Wide Association Study of the Reproductive Traits of the Dazu Black Goat ( Capra hircus) Using Whole-Genome Resequencing. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1960. [PMID: 37895309 PMCID: PMC10606515 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproductive traits are the basic economic traits of goats and important indicators in goat breeding. In this study, Dazu black goats (DBGs; n = 150), an important Chinese local goat breed with excellent reproductive performance, were used to screen for important variation loci and genes of reproductive traits. Through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), 18 SNPs were found to be associated with kidding traits (average litter size, average litter size in the first three parity, and average litter size in the first six parity), and 10 SNPs were associated with udder traits (udder depth, teat diameter, teat length, and supernumerary teat). After gene annotation of the associated SNPs and in combination with relevant references, the candidate genes, namely ATP1A1, LRRC4C, SPCS2, XRRA1, CELF4, NTM, TMEM45B, ATE1, and FGFR2, were associated with udder traits, while the ENSCHIG00000017110, SLC9A8, GLRB, GRIA2, GASK1B, and ENSCHIG00000026285 genes were associated with litter size. These SNPs and candidate genes can provide useful biological information for improvement of the reproductive traits of goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqiang Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.F.); (B.G.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Bowen Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.F.); (B.G.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Meixi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.F.); (B.G.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ruifan Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.F.); (B.G.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jipan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.F.); (B.G.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Le Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.F.); (B.G.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yongju Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.F.); (B.G.); (M.C.); (R.S.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing 400715, China
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Draghi S, Pavlovic R, Pellegrini A, Fidani M, Riva F, Brecchia G, Agradi S, Arioli F, Vigo D, Di Cesare F, Curone G. First Investigation of the Physiological Distribution of Legacy and Emerging Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Raw Bovine Milk According to the Component Fraction. Foods 2023; 12:2449. [PMID: 37444187 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine milk is a pillar of the human diet and plays a key role in the nutrition of infants. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are well-recognized highly stable organic compounds that are able to pollute ecosystems persistently and threaten both human and animal health. The study aimed to analyze the distribution of 14 PFASs within the milk matrix by comparing their content in whole milk, and its skimmed and creamed fractions. Raw milk samples were individually collected from 23 healthy cows (10 primiparous and 13 multiparous) reared on a farm in Northern Italy not surrounded by known point sources of PFASs. Each sample was fractioned in whole, skim, and cream components to undergo PFAS analysis using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. All samples contained at least one PFAS, with perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) being the primary contaminant in all three fractions, followed by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). PFOS was shown to be significantly (p < 0.001) more concentrated in cream than in raw and skimmed milk. Multiparous cows showed a higher frequency of positive samples in all analyzed fractions. Further research is necessary to assess the risk of dairy diets and high-fat dairy products and to investigate the toxicological effects of PFASs on cattle, even in environments without known PFAS sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Draghi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Radmila Pavlovic
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility (ProMeFa), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marco Fidani
- UNIRELAB Srl, Via Gramsci 70, 20019 Settimo Milanese, Italy
| | - Federica Riva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Gabriele Brecchia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Stella Agradi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Francesco Arioli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Daniele Vigo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Federica Di Cesare
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Giulio Curone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
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Kumar TVC, Verma SK, Sharma D, Kumar LK, Veerappa VG, Singh D, Onteru SK. Meprin A1 subunit beta gene polymorphism is associated with the length of post-partum anestrus interval in Murrah buffaloes. Gene 2022; 827:146456. [PMID: 35358656 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Postpartum anestrus interval (PPAI) is the interval between parturition and the first postpartum estrus exhibition in animals. Appearance of both normal and PPA buffaloes under the same farm conditions indicates the role of possible genetic predisposition to PPA. To identify the genetic and non-genetic factors associated with PPA in buffaloes, we collected data on PPAI and other 38 non-genetic variables from 575 Murrah buffaloes in the field conditions and identified the PPA associated non-genetic factors in our previous study. To explore the genetic factors associated with the unexplained variation in PPAI residuals, the present study identified 41 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 13 candidate genes using Sanger sequencing. Exploration of their association with the PPAI residuals of 50 extreme PPA and 50 normal buffaloes identified the significant (P < 0.01) association of the SNP (g.37219977A>G) in the 3'-UTR region of the Meprin A 1 subunit beta (Mep1b) gene with PPAI, which was further validated (P = 0.058) in a large population sample (n = 417). Bioinformatics analysis of the 3'-UTR region has identified three miRNA, bta-miR-2420, bta-miR-2325b and bta-miR-453 that could regulate Igf-1 in the plasma of animals with different genotypes (GG, AG and AA). The higher Igf-1 levels in the GG genotypes than that of AA and AG genotypes of this SNP (g.37219977A>G) further suggest the association of Mep1b gene with PPA condition in Murrah buffaloes. As a result of this study, we propose that buffaloes with protective alleles at this SNP be selected to improve the herd's reproductive efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thota Venkata Chaitanya Kumar
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Surya Kant Verma
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Davinder Sharma
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Lal Krishan Kumar
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Vedamurthy G Veerappa
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Dheer Singh
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Suneel Kumar Onteru
- Molecular Endocrinology, Functional Genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India.
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Liu X, Shen J, Zong J, Liu J, Jin Y. Beta-Sitosterol Promotes Milk Protein and Fat Syntheses-Related Genes in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113238. [PMID: 34827970 PMCID: PMC8614283 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The levels of milk fats and proteins are important indexes used to evaluate milk quality. Generally, feed additives are used to improve milk quality. This study aimed to investigate the effect of β-sitosterol on milk fat and protein gene expression in bovine mammary epithelial cells. β-sitosterol increased the β-casein levels in bovine mammary epithelial cells and promoted the expression of milk fat and protein synthesis-related genes, suggesting the use of β-sitosterol as a potential feed additive to improve milk quality in dairy cows. Abstract β-sitosterol, a phytosterol with multiple biological activities, has been used in the pharmaceutical industry. However, there are only a few reports on the use of β-sitosterol in improving milk synthesis in dairy cows. This study aimed to investigate the effects of β-sitosterol on milk fat and protein syntheses in bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) and its regulatory mechanism. MAC-T cells were treated with different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, or 40 μM) of β-sitosterol, and the expression levels of milk protein and fat synthesis-related genes and proteins were analyzed. β-sitosterol at 0.1, 1, and 10 μM concentrations promoted the mRNA and protein expression of β-casein. β-sitosterol (0.1, 1, 10 μM) increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of signal transducer activator of transcription 5 (STAT5), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (S6K1) of the JAK2/STAT5 and mTOR signaling pathways. It also stimulated the milk fat synthesis-related factors, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and stearyl CoA desaturase (SCD). β-sitosterol (0.1, 1, 10 μM) also significantly increased the expression of growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) axis and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)-related genes. Notably, the compound inhibited the expression of the negative regulator, the suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) at the two lower concentrations (0.1, 1 μM), but significantly promoted the expression at the highest concentration (30 μM). These results highlight the role of β-sitosterol at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 μM in improving milk protein and fat syntheses, regulating milk quality. Therefore, β-sitosterol can be used as a potential feed additive to improve milk quality in dairy cows.
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Li Y, Sun J, Ling Y, Ming H, Chen Z, Fang F, Liu Y, Cao H, Ding J, Cao Z, Zhang X, Bondioli K, Jiang Z, Zhang Y. Transcription profiles of oocytes during maturation and embryos during preimplantation development in vivo in the goat. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 32:714-725. [PMID: 32317096 DOI: 10.1071/rd19391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA sequencing performed on goat matured oocytes and preimplantation embryos generated invivo enabled us to define the transcriptome for goat preimplantation embryo development. The largest proportion of changes in gene expression in goat was found at the 16-cell stage, not as previously defined at the 8-cell stage, and is later than in other mammalian species. In all, 6482 genes were identified to be significantly differentially expressed across all consecutive developmental stage comparisons, and the important signalling pathways involved in each development transition were determined. In addition, we identified genes that appear to be transcribed only at a specific stage of development. Using weighted gene coexpression network analysis, we found nine stage-specific modules of coexpressed genes that represent the corresponding stage of development. Furthermore, we identified conserved key members (or hub genes) of the goat transcriptional networks. Their association with other embryo genes suggests that they may have important regulatory roles in embryo development. Our cross-mammalian species transcriptomic comparisons demonstrate both conserved and goat-specific features of preimplantation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsheng Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jiangwen Sun
- Department of Computer Science, College of Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Yinghui Ling
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hao Ming
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Zhen Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Fugui Fang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hongguo Cao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jianping Ding
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zubing Cao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Kenneth Bondioli
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Zongliang Jiang
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; and Corresponding authors. Emails: ;
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; and Corresponding authors. Emails: ;
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El-Komy SM, Saleh AA, Abdel-Hamid TM, El-Magd MA. Association of GHR Polymorphisms with Milk Production in Buffaloes. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10071203. [PMID: 32679878 PMCID: PMC7401641 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The present study reported two missense mutations in the buffalo GHR gene: A novel (c.380G>A) and (c.836T>A) which was described in previous studies. These two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found to be associated with milk yield, fat %, protein %, and 305 day-milk, fat and protein yield, with higher performance for AA haplotype animals. Therefore, selection of buffaloes with AA haplotype would more likely improve milk production traits. Consequently, this would allow breeders to take more precise selection decisions, leading to significantly higher productivity and profitability within the Egyptian buffalo herds. Abstract For its role in the mediation of growth hormone (GH) galactopoietic effect, growth hormone receptor (GHR) was considered a functional candidate gene for milk performance in cattle. However, its genetic variation and potential effect have not been investigated in Egyptian buffaloes. This study aimed to screen GHR for polymorphisms and study their associations with milk traits in Egyptian buffaloes. Polymerase chain reaction, single-strand conformation polymorphism, and sequencing were used to identify mutations in 4 exons (E4–E6 and E8) of the GHR gene in 400 Egyptian buffaloes. No polymorphisms were found in E4, while 2 SNPs (c.380G>A/p.Arg127Lys and c.387C>T/p.Gly129) in E5, one silent mutation (c.435A>G/p.Pro145) in E6, and another missense mutation (c.836T>A/p.Phe279Tyr) in E8 were detected. The c.380G>A SNP in the extracellular domain was associated with milk yield, fat %, protein %, and 305-day milk, fat and protein yield, with higher levels in animals carrying the mutant A allele. The c.836T>A SNP in the transmembrane domain was associated with milk yield, fat %, protein %, and 305-day milk, fat and protein yield, with higher milk yield and lower fat %, protein %, fat and protein yield in the mutant A allele-animals. Interestingly, animals with the two mutant AA alleles produced higher milk yield, fat %, protein %, fat and protein yield, accompanied with upregulated expressions of GHR, GH, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), prolactin (PRL), prolactin receptor (PRLR), β-casein (encoded by CSN2 gene), and diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1 (DGAT1) genes and proteins in milk somatic cells. Therefore, selection of Egyptian buffaloes with mutant AA haplotypes for the novel c.380G>A SNP and the well-known c.836T>A SNP could improve milk yield and quality in buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shymaa M. El-Komy
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Ayman A. Saleh
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Veterinary Genetics & Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Tamer M. Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Animal Breeding and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Mohammed A. El-Magd
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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Dangat K, Khaire A, Joshi S. Cross talk of vascular endothelial growth factor and neurotrophins in mammary gland development. Growth Factors 2020; 38:16-24. [PMID: 32646254 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2020.1792469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During the period of lactation, there is extensive growth and development of the mammary gland in order to fulfil the increased demands of milk for the growing infant. Angiogenesis plays a key role in alveolar development and facilitates optimal milk production. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the key growth factors regulating angiogenesis in mammary gland. Apart from VEGF, neurotrophins are also known to regulate angiogenesis through direct or indirect mechanisms. Few studies have demonstrated mRNA levels of neurotrophins and their receptors in mammary gland both in humans and rodents. A cross talk between VEGF and neurotrophins has been described in placental development. The enteric and central nervous system are not fully developed at birth, making it imperative to have appropriate levels of angiogenic factors and neurotrophins during postnatal period. The current review summarises studies which describe the role of neurotrophins and angiogenic factors in the mammary gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamini Dangat
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, India
| | - Amrita Khaire
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, India
| | - Sadhana Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, India
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Ling YH, Zheng Q, Li YS, Sui MH, Wu H, Zhang YH, Chu MX, Ma YH, Fang FG, Xu LN. Identification of lncRNAs by RNA Sequencing Analysis During in Vivo Pre-Implantation Developmental Transformation in the Goat. Front Genet 2019; 10:1040. [PMID: 31708972 PMCID: PMC6823246 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-implantation development is a dynamic, complex and precisely regulated process that is critical for mammalian development. There is currently no description of the role of the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) during the pre-implantation stages in the goat. The in vivo transcriptomes of oocytes (n = 3) and pre-implantation stages (n=19) at seven developmental stages in the goat were analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). The major zygotic gene activation (ZGA) event was found to occur between the 8- and 16-cell stages in the pre-implantation stages. We identified 5,160 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) in developmental stage comparisons and functional analyses of the major and minor ZGAs. Fourteen lncRNA modules were found corresponding to specific pre-implantation developmental stages by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). A comprehensive analysis of the lncRNAs at each developmental transition of high correlation modules was done. We also identified lncRNA-mRNA networks and hub-lncRNAs for the high correlation modules at each stage. The extensive association of lncRNA target genes with other embryonic genes suggests an important regulatory role for lncRNAs in embryonic development. These data will facilitate further exploration of the role of lncRNAs in the developmental transformation in the pre-implantation stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hui Ling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Biobreeding Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Biobreeding Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Yun-Sheng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Biobreeding Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Meng-Hua Sui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Biobreeding Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Biobreeding Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Yun-Hai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Biobreeding Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Ming-Xing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Hui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Gui Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Biobreeding Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Li-Na Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
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10
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Nowak M, Rehrauer H, Ay SS, Findik M, Boos A, Kautz E, Kowalewski MP. Gene expression profiling of the canine placenta during normal and antigestagen-induced luteolysis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 282:113194. [PMID: 31145892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The domestic dog is the only domestic animal species that does not produce steroids in the placenta and instead relies on luteal steroids throughout pregnancy. Nevertheless, the canine placenta is highly responsive to steroids, and withdrawal of progesterone (P4) affects the feto-maternal unit, initializing the parturition cascade. Similar effects can be observed during antigestagen-induced abortion. Here, aiming to provide new insights into mechanisms involved in the termination of canine pregnancy, next generation sequencing (NGS, RNA-seq) was applied. Placental transcriptomes derived from natural prepartum and antigestagen-induced abortions were analyzed and compared with fully developed mid-gestation placentas. The contrast "prepartum luteolysis over mid-gestation" revealed 1973 differentially expressed genes (DEG). Terms associated with apoptosis, impairment of vascular function and activation of signaling of several cytokines (e.g., IL-8, IL-3, TGF-β) were overrepresented at natural luteolysis. When compared with mid-term, antigestagen treatment revealed 135 highly regulated DEG that were involved in the induced luteolysis and showed similar associations with functional terms and expression patterns as during natural luteolysis. The contrast "antigestagen-induced luteolysis over prepartum luteolysis" revealed that, although similar changes occur in both conditions, they are more pronounced during natural prepartum. Among P4-regulated DEG were those related to immune system and cortisol metabolism. It appears that, besides inducing placental PGF2α output, both natural and induced P4 withdrawal is associated with disruption of the feto-maternal interface, leading to impaired vascular functions, apoptosis and controlled modulation of the immune response. The time-related maturation of the feto-maternal interface needs to be considered because it may be clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Nowak
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Rehrauer
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich (FGCZ), ETH Zurich/University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Serhan S Ay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Murat Findik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Alois Boos
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ewa Kautz
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz P Kowalewski
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland.
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11
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Reynolds CM, Perry JK, Vickers MH. Manipulation of the Growth Hormone-Insulin-Like Growth Factor (GH-IGF) Axis: A Treatment Strategy to Reverse the Effects of Early Life Developmental Programming. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081729. [PMID: 28786951 PMCID: PMC5578119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from human clinical, epidemiological, and experimental animal models has clearly highlighted a link between the early life environment and an increased risk for a range of cardiometabolic disorders in later life. In particular, altered maternal nutrition, including both undernutrition and overnutrition, spanning exposure windows that cover the period from preconception through to early infancy, clearly highlight an increased risk for a range of disorders in offspring in later life. This process, preferentially termed “developmental programming” as part of the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) framework, leads to phenotypic outcomes in offspring that closely resemble those of individuals with untreated growth hormone (GH) deficiency, including increased adiposity and cardiovascular disorders. As such, the use of GH as a potential intervention strategy to mitigate the effects of developmental malprogramming has received some attention in the DOHaD field. In particular, experimental animal models have shown that early GH treatment in the setting of poor maternal nutrition can partially rescue the programmed phenotype, albeit in a sex-specific manner. Although the mechanisms remain poorly defined, they include changes to endothelial function, an altered inflammasome, changes in adipogenesis and cardiovascular function, neuroendocrine effects, and changes in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Similarly, GH treatment to adult offspring, where an adverse metabolic phenotype is already manifest, has shown efficacy in reversing some of the metabolic disorders arising from a poor early life environment. Components of the GH-insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-IGF binding protein (GH-IGF-IGFBP) system, including insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), have also shown promise in ameliorating programmed metabolic disorders, potentially acting via epigenetic processes including changes in miRNA profiles and altered DNA methylation. However, as with the use of GH in the clinical setting of short stature and GH-deficiency, the benefits of treatment are also, in some cases, associated with potential unwanted side effects that need to be taken into account before effective translation as an intervention modality in the DOHaD context can be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare M Reynolds
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Jo K Perry
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Mark H Vickers
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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12
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Meyer Z, Höflich C, Wirthgen E, Olm S, Hammon HM, Hoeflich A. Analysis of the IGF-system in milk from farm animals - Occurrence, regulation, and biomarker potential. Growth Horm IGF Res 2017; 35:1-7. [PMID: 28544872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
IGFs and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) are abundantly present in milk and in dairy products. Compared to the IGFs, the IGFBP have received less attention in milk, although truncated IGFBPs and IGFBP-glycosylation have been described in milk. Thereby, complex control of local IGF-effects can be assumed on the levels of IGFBPs, proteases, and protease inhibitors. The present review collects the current knowledge both on presence and regulation of IGFs and IGFBPs in milk particularly from dairy animal species. As a rule higher levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBPs are measured around parturition if compared to later time-points of lactation. In all farm animal species included in this review, it is found that the relative abundancies of IGFBPs in milk and serum are similar, with IGFBP-3 and -2 characterized by higher concentrations if compared to IGFBP-4 or -5. The concentrations of IGFs and IGFBPs in milk or dairy products can be altered by hormones, dairy processing, or fermentation. Because milk can be used for non-invasive biomarker research, quality management, and health monitoring, we discuss novel directions of IGF-analysis and potential on-site biomarker research in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zianka Meyer
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | | | - Elisa Wirthgen
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany; Ligandis GbR, Gülzow-Prüzen, Germany
| | - Sven Olm
- MQD M-V mbH, Institut für Analytik und Hygiene, Güstrow, Germany
| | - Harald M Hammon
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Hoeflich
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.
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