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Gao Y, Li S, Liu X, Si D, Chen W, Yang F, Sun H, Yang P. RyR2 Stabilizer Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy by Downregulating TNF-α/NF-κB/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway through Inhibiting Calcineurin. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:481-495. [PMID: 38652413 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The effect of Ryanodine receptor2 (RyR2) and its stabilizer on cardiac hypertrophy is not well known. C57/BL6 mice underwent transverse aortic contraction (TAC) or sham surgery were administered dantrolene, the RyR2 stabilizer, or control drug. Dantrolene significantly alleviated TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice, and RNA sequencing was performed implying calcineurin/NFAT3 and TNF-α/NF-κB/NLRP3 as critical signaling pathways. Further expression analysis and Western blot with heart tissue as well as neonatal rat cardiomyocyte (NRCM) model confirmed dantrolene decreases the activation of calcineurin/NFAT3 signaling pathway and TNF-α/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway, which was similar to FK506 and might be attenuated by calcineurin overexpression. The present study shows for the first time that RyR2 stabilizer dantrolene attenuates cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting the calcineurin, therefore downregulating the TNF-α/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/metabolism
- Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/genetics
- Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/drug effects
- Calcineurin/metabolism
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Down-Regulation
- Dantrolene/pharmacology
- Male
- Calcineurin Inhibitors/pharmacology
- NFATC Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cardiomegaly/metabolism
- Cardiomegaly/prevention & control
- Cardiomegaly/pathology
- Cardiomegaly/drug therapy
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Rats
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gao
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease Precision Medicine, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genetic Diagnosis, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xueyan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease Precision Medicine, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genetic Diagnosis, Changchun, China
| | - Daoyuan Si
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease Precision Medicine, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genetic Diagnosis, Changchun, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease Precision Medicine, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genetic Diagnosis, Changchun, China
| | - Fenghua Yang
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
- Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease Precision Medicine, Changchun, China.
- Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genetic Diagnosis, Changchun, China.
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
- Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease Precision Medicine, Changchun, China.
- Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genetic Diagnosis, Changchun, China.
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2
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Niloy SI, Shen Y, Guo L, O'Rourke ST, Sun C. Loss of IP3R-BK Ca Coupling Is Involved in Vascular Remodeling in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10903. [PMID: 37446080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms by which BKCa (large-conductance calcium-sensitive potassium) channels are involved in vascular remodeling in hypertension are not fully understood. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and vascular morphology were compared between hypertensive and normotensive rats. BKCa channel activity, protein expression, and interaction with IP3R (inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor) were examined using patch clamp, Western blot analysis, and coimmunoprecipitation. On inside-out patches of VSMCs, the Ca2+-sensitivity and voltage-dependence of BKCa channels were similar between hypertensive and normotensive rats. In whole-cell patch clamp configuration, treatment of cells with the IP3R agonist, Adenophostin A (AdA), significantly increased BKCa channel currents in VSMCs of both strains of rats, suggesting IP3R-BKCa coupling; however, the AdA-induced increases in BKCa currents were attenuated in VSMCs of hypertensive rats, indicating possible IP3R-BKCa decoupling, causing BKCa dysfunction. Co-immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis demonstrated that BKCa and IP3R proteins were associated together in VSMCs; however, the association of BKCa and IP3R proteins was dramatically reduced in VSMCs of hypertensive rats. Genetic disruption of IP3R-BKCa coupling using junctophilin-2 shRNA dramatically augmented Ang II-induced proliferation in VSMCs of normotensive rats. Subcutaneous infusion of NS1619, a BKCa opener, to reverse BKCa dysfunction caused by IP3R-BKCa decoupling significantly attenuated vascular hypertrophy in hypertensive rats. In summary, the data from this study demonstrate that loss of IP3R-BKCa coupling in VSMCs induces BKCa channel dysfunction, enhances VSMC proliferation, and thus, may contribute to vascular hypertrophy in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeman Islam Niloy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Yue Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Lirong Guo
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Stephen T O'Rourke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Chengwen Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
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3
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Sun ZH, Liu F, Kong LL, Ji PM, Huang L, Zhou HM, Sun R, Luo J, Li WZ. Interruption of TRPC6-NFATC1 signaling inhibits NADPH oxidase 4 and VSMCs phenotypic switch in intracranial aneurysm. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114480. [PMID: 37002575 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a frequent cerebrovascular disorder with unclear pathogenesis. The vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) phenotypic switch is essential for IA formation. It has been reported that Ca2+ overload and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in VSMCs phenotypic switch. The transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) are the main pathway to participate in Ca2+ overload and ROS production in VSMCs. Ca2+ overload can activate calcineurin (CN), leading to nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) dephosphorylation to regulate the target gene's transcription. We hypothesized that activation of TRPC6-NFATC1 signaling may upregulate NOX4 and involve in VSMCs phenotypic switch contributing to the progression of IA. Our results showed that the expressions of NOX4, p22phox, p47phox, TRPC6, CN and NFATC1 were significantly increased, and VSMCs underwent a significant phenotypic switch in IA tissue and cellular specimens. The VIVIT (NFATC1 inhibitor) and BI-749327 (TRPC6 inhibitor) treatment reduced the expressions of NOX4, p22phox and p47phox and the production of ROS, and significantly improved VSMCs phenotypic switch in IA rats and cells. Consistent results were obtained from IA Trpc6 knockout (Trpc6-/-) mice. Furthermore, the results also revealed that NFATC1 could regulate NOX4 transcription by binding to its promoter. Our findings reveal that interrupting the TRPC6-NFATC1 signaling inhibits NOX4 and improves VSMCs phenotypic switch in IA, and regulating Ca2+ homeostasis may be an important therapeutic strategy for IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Liang-Liang Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Peng-Min Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hui-Min Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ran Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Wei-Zu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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4
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RhoA Signaling in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091520. [PMID: 35563826 PMCID: PMC9103838 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) is a small GTPase of the Rho family involved in regulating multiple signal transduction pathways that influence a diverse range of cellular functions. RhoA and many of its downstream effector proteins are highly expressed in the nervous system, implying an important role for RhoA signaling in neurons and glial cells. Indeed, emerging evidence points toward a role of aberrant RhoA signaling in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of RhoA regulation and downstream cellular functions with an emphasis on the role of RhoA signaling in neurodegenerative diseases and the therapeutic potential of RhoA inhibition in neurodegeneration.
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El Atab O, Ghantous CM, El-Zein N, Farhat R, Agouni A, Korashy HM, Djouhri L, Kamareddine L, Zibara K, Zeidan A. Involvement of caveolae in hyperglycemia-induced changes in adiponectin and leptin expressions in vascular smooth muscle cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 919:174701. [PMID: 34954233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia exerts various harmful effects on the vasculature. Studies have shown an association between the levels of the adipokines leptin and adiponectin (APN) and vascular complications in diabetes mellitus. The aim of our study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms mediated by APN and leptin that are involved in hyperglycemia-induced vascular remodeling, especially at the level of oxidative stress and actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Rat aorta organ culture was used to investigate the effect of hyperglycemia on APN and leptin protein expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) using Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Hyperglycemia lead to a significant increase in APN synthesis in VSMCs, mainly through caveolae, but this increase failed to provide vascular protection because of the decreased expression of APN receptors, especially AdipoR2, which was assessed by qPCR. In addition, hyperglycemia significantly upregulated leptin expression in VSMCs through caveolae and the RhoA/ROCK pathway. These variations lead to a marked increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, detected by dihydroethidium (DHE) staining, and in NADPH oxidase type 4 (Nox4) expression. Moreover, Nox4 mediated the synthesis of APN in hyperglycemia in VSMCs. Finally, hyperglycemia activated the RhoA/ROCK pathway and subsequently induced the polymerization of globular actin (G-actin) into filamentous actin (F-actin), decreasing the G/F-actin ratio. Taken together, these data show that hyperglycemia increases oxidative stress and changes actin cytoskeleton dynamics in the aorta via caveolae, favoring vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola El Atab
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; PRASE and Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Crystal M Ghantous
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Keserwan, Lebanon
| | - Nabil El-Zein
- PRASE and Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rima Farhat
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Qatar
| | - Hesham M Korashy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Qatar
| | - Laiche Djouhri
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Qatar; Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Layla Kamareddine
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Qatar; Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Kazem Zibara
- PRASE and Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Qatar; Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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6
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Ranadive SM, Dillon GA, Mascone SE, Alexander LM. Vascular Health Triad in Humans With Hypertension-Not the Usual Suspects. Front Physiol 2021; 12:746278. [PMID: 34658930 PMCID: PMC8517241 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.746278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) affects more than one-third of the US population and remains the top risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Identifying the underlying mechanisms for developing HTN are of critical importance because the risk of developing CVD doubles with ∼20 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure (BP). Endothelial dysfunction, especially in the resistance arteries, is the primary site for initiation of sub-clinical HTN. Furthermore, inflammation and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) not only influence the endothelium independently, but also have a synergistic influence on each other. Together, the interplay between inflammation, ROS and vascular dysfunction is referred to as the vascular health triad, and affects BP regulation in humans. While the interplay of the vascular health triad is well established, new underlying mechanistic targets are under investigation, including: Inducible nitric oxide synthase, hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen sulfide, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and nuclear factor activated T cells. This review outlines the role of these unusual suspects in vascular health and function in humans. This review connects the dots using these unusual suspects underlying inflammation, ROS and vascular dysfunction especially in individuals at risk of or with diagnosed HTN based on novel studies performed in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushant M Ranadive
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Gabrielle A Dillon
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Sara E Mascone
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Lacy M Alexander
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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7
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Kamareddine L, Ghantous CM, Allouch S, Al-Ashmar SA, Anlar G, Kannan S, Djouhri L, Korashy HM, Agouni A, Zeidan A. Between Inflammation and Autophagy: The Role of Leptin-Adiponectin Axis in Cardiac Remodeling. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5349-5365. [PMID: 34703273 PMCID: PMC8528546 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s322231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling is the process by which the heart adapts to stressful stimuli, such as hypertension and ischemia/reperfusion; it ultimately leads to heart failure upon long-term exposure. Autophagy, a cellular catabolic process that was originally considered as a mechanism of cell death in response to detrimental stimuli, is thought to be one of the main mechanisms that controls cardiac remodeling and induces heart failure. Dysregulation of the adipokines leptin and adiponectin, which plays essential roles in lipid and glucose metabolism, and in the pathophysiology of the neuroendocrine and cardiovascular systems, has been shown to affect the autophagic response in the heart and to contribute to accelerate cardiac remodeling. The obesity-associated protein leptin is a pro-inflammatory, tumor-promoting adipocytokine whose elevated levels in obesity are associated with acute cardiovascular events, and obesity-related hypertension. Adiponectin exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects, and its reduced levels in obesity correlate with the pathogenesis of obesity-associated cardiovascular diseases. Leptin- and adiponectin-induced changes in autophagic flux have been linked to cardiac remodeling and heart failure. In this review, we describe the different molecular mechanisms of hyperleptinemia- and hypoadiponectinemia-mediated pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling and the involvement of autophagy in this process. A better understanding of the roles of leptin, adiponectin, and autophagy in cardiac functions and remodeling, and the exact signal transduction pathways by which they contribute to cardiac diseases may well lead to discovery of new therapeutic agents for the treatment of cardiovascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Kamareddine
- Department Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Crystal M Ghantous
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Keserwan, Lebanon
| | - Soumaya Allouch
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sarah A Al-Ashmar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gulsen Anlar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Surya Kannan
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Laiche Djouhri
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hesham M Korashy
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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8
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Hariri MA, Jaffa MA, Saoud R, Zhao J, Zhu R, Jaffa AA, El-Achkar GA, Moussa M, Kobeissy F, Hassan A, Ziyadeh FN, Mechref Y, Jaffa AA. Vascular Cells Proteome Associated with Bradykinin and Leptin Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Signals. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121251. [PMID: 33316969 PMCID: PMC7764689 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the primary contributors to cardiovascular diseases are inflammation and oxidative imbalance within the vessel walls as well as the fibrosis of rat aortic smooth muscle cell (RASMC). Bradykinin (BK) and leptin are inflammatory modulators that are linked to vascular injury. In this study, we employed tandem LC-MS/MS to identify protein signatures that encompass protein abundance in RASMC treated with BK or leptin followed by systems biology analyses to gain insight into the biological pathways and processes linked to vascular remodeling. In the study, 1837 proteins were identified in control untreated RASMC. BK altered the expression of 72 (4%) and 120 (6.5%) proteins, whereas leptin altered the expression of 189 (10.2%) and 127 (6.5%) proteins after 24 and 48 h, respectively, compared to control RASMC. BK increased the protein abundance of leptin receptor, transforming growth factor-β. On the other hand, leptin increased the protein abundance of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 but decreased the protein abundance of cofilin. BK and leptin induced the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and pathway analysis revealed the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and AKT pathways. The proteome profile in response to BK and leptin revealed mechanistic interplay of multiple processes that modulate inflammation and oxidative stress signals in the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa Al Hariri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (M.A.H.); (R.S.); (G.A.E.-A.); (M.M.); (F.K.); (F.N.Z.)
| | - Miran A. Jaffa
- Epidemiology and Population Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon;
| | - Richard Saoud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (M.A.H.); (R.S.); (G.A.E.-A.); (M.M.); (F.K.); (F.N.Z.)
| | - Jingfu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (J.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (J.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Aneese A. Jaffa
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon;
| | - Ghewa A. El-Achkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (M.A.H.); (R.S.); (G.A.E.-A.); (M.M.); (F.K.); (F.N.Z.)
| | - Mayssam Moussa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (M.A.H.); (R.S.); (G.A.E.-A.); (M.M.); (F.K.); (F.N.Z.)
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (M.A.H.); (R.S.); (G.A.E.-A.); (M.M.); (F.K.); (F.N.Z.)
| | - Anwarul Hassan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Fuad N. Ziyadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (M.A.H.); (R.S.); (G.A.E.-A.); (M.M.); (F.K.); (F.N.Z.)
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (J.Z.); (R.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (A.A.J.); Tel.: +1812-219-1972 (Y.M.); +961-1-350000 (A.A.J.)
| | - Ayad A. Jaffa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon; (M.A.H.); (R.S.); (G.A.E.-A.); (M.M.); (F.K.); (F.N.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (A.A.J.); Tel.: +1812-219-1972 (Y.M.); +961-1-350000 (A.A.J.)
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9
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Ghantous CM, Kamareddine L, Farhat R, Zouein FA, Mondello S, Kobeissy F, Zeidan A. Advances in Cardiovascular Biomarker Discovery. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120552. [PMID: 33265898 PMCID: PMC7759775 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Among them, hypertension and its pathological complications pose a major risk for the development of other cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure and stroke. Identifying novel and early stage biomarkers of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases is of paramount importance in predicting and preventing the major morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases. Biomarkers of such diseases or predisposition to their development are identified by changes in a specific indicator’s expression between healthy individuals and patients. These include changes in protein and microRNA (miRNA) levels. Protein profiling using mass spectrometry and miRNA screening utilizing microarray and sequencing have facilitated the discovery of proteins and miRNA as biomarker candidates. In this review, we summarized some of the different, promising early stage protein and miRNA biomarker candidates as well as the currently used biomarkers for hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Although a number of promising markers have been identified, it is unlikely that a single biomarker will unambiguously aid in the classification of these diseases. A multi-marker panel-strategy appears useful and promising for classifying and refining risk stratification among patients with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal M. Ghantous
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Keserwan 72, Lebanon;
| | - Layla Kamareddine
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Rima Farhat
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon;
| | - Fouad A. Zouein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon;
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon;
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +97-431-309-19
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10
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Stachydrine hydrochloride suppresses phenylephrine-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting the calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cell signalling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 883:173386. [PMID: 32712088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The calcineurin (CaN)/nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFAT) signalling pathway plays an important role in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Here, we investigated the potential effects of stachydrine hydrochloride, a bioactive constituent extracted from the Chinese herb Leonurus japonicus Houtt. (Yimucao), on pathological cardiac hypertrophy during chronic α1-adrenergic receptor (α1-AR) activation and the underlying mechanisms. First, by transcriptome analysis, we determined that pathological hypertrophy models could be prepared after phenylephrine stimulation. In primary cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, stachydrine hydrochloride reduced phenylephrine-induced cardiomyocyte surface area and the mRNA expression of cardiac hypertrophy biomarkers (atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and β-myosin heavy chain/α-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC/α-MHC)). In addition, phenylephrine stimulation potently induced activation of the CaN/NFAT pathway. Interestingly, stachydrine hydrochloride inhibited CaN activation and reduced NFATc3 nuclear translocation in phenylephrine-stimulated neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. In mice treated with phenylephrine, stachydrine hydrochloride treatment decreased cardiac hypertrophy and regulated heart function. Collectively, our data show that stachydrine hydrochloride decreases cardiac hypertrophy in phenylephrine-stimulated hearts by inhibiting the CaN/NFAT pathway, which might contribute to alleviation of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction by stachydrine hydrochloride after phenylephrine stimulation This also indicated that governing of CaN/NFAT pathway might serve as a preventive or therapeutic strategy for pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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11
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Roy-Vallejo E, Galván-Román JM, Moldenhauer F, Real de Asúa D. Adults with Down syndrome challenge another paradigm: When aging no longer entails arterial hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2020; 22:1127-1133. [PMID: 32644285 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The paradigmatic relationship between aging and atherosclerotic cardiovascular events does not apply to all patient populations. Though trisomy 21 (T21) and its phenotypic expression, Down syndrome (DS), are conditions that involve premature aging, the cardiovascular system of adults with DS appears to be particularly spared from this early senescence. Despite a higher prevalence of some classic cardiovascular risk factors in adults with DS than in the general population, such as dyslipidemia, obesity, or sedentarism, these individuals do not develop hypertension or suffer major cardiovascular events as they age. The protective factors that prevent the development of hypertension in T21 are not well established. Genes like RCAN1 and DYRK1A, both on chromosome 21 and over-expressed in adults with DS, appear to play a major role in cardiovascular prevention. Their regulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and neprilysin synthesis could underlie the constitutive protection against arterial hypertension in adults with DS and explain the absence of increased arterial stiffness in this population. A better understanding of these molecular pathways could have enormous implications for the clinical management of adults with DS and might foster the development of novel therapeutic targets in cardiovascular prevention for the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Roy-Vallejo
- Adult Down Syndrome Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Galván-Román
- Adult Down Syndrome Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Moldenhauer
- Adult Down Syndrome Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Real de Asúa
- Adult Down Syndrome Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Molecular Mechanisms of Adiponectin-Induced Attenuation of Mechanical Stretch-Mediated Vascular Remodeling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6425782. [PMID: 32566092 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6425782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension induces vascular hypertrophy, which changes blood vessels structurally and functionally, leading to reduced tissue perfusion and further hypertension. It is also associated with dysregulated levels of the circulating adipokines leptin and adiponectin (APN). Leptin is an obesity-associated hormone that promotes vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) hypertrophy. APN is a cardioprotective hormone that has been shown to attenuate hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of hypertension-induced VSMC remodeling and the involvement of leptin and APN in this process. To mimic hypertension, the rat portal vein (RPV) was mechanically stretched, and the protective effects of APN on mechanical stretch-induced vascular remodeling and the molecular mechanisms involved were examined by using 10 μg/ml APN. Mechanically stretching the RPV significantly decreased APN protein expression after 24 hours and APN mRNA expression in a time-dependent manner in VSMCs. The mRNA expression of the APN receptors AdipoR1, AdipoR2, and T-cadherin significantly increased after 15 hours of stretch. The ratio of APN/leptin expression in VSMCs significantly decreased after 24 hours of mechanical stretch. Stretching the RPV for 3 days increased the weight and [3H]-leucine incorporation significantly, whereas APN significantly reduced hypertrophy in mechanically stretched vessels. Stretching the RPV for 10 minutes significantly decreased phosphorylation of LKB1, AMPK, and eNOS, while APN significantly increased p-LKB1, p-AMPK, and p-eNOS in stretched vessels. Mechanical stretch significantly increased p-ERK1/2 after 10 minutes, whereas APN significantly reduced stretch-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Stretching the RPV also significantly increased ROS generation after 1 hour, whereas APN significantly decreased mechanical stretch-induced ROS production. Exogenous leptin (3.1 nM) markedly increased GATA-4 nuclear translocation in VSMCs, whereas APN significantly attenuated leptin-induced GATA-4 nuclear translocation. Our results decipher molecular mechanisms of APN-induced attenuation of mechanical stretch-mediated vascular hypertrophy, with the promising potential of ultimately translating this protective hormone into the clinic.
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Zhang Q, Hu C, Huang J, Liu W, Lai W, Leng F, Tang Q, Liu Y, Wang Q, Zhou M, Sheng F, Li G, Zhang R. ROCK1 induces dopaminergic nerve cell apoptosis via the activation of Drp1-mediated aberrant mitochondrial fission in Parkinson's disease. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-13. [PMID: 31578315 PMCID: PMC6802738 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0318-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine deficiency is mainly caused by apoptosis of dopaminergic nerve cells in the substantia nigra of the midbrain and the striatum and is an important pathologic basis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recent research has shown that dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-mediated aberrant mitochondrial fission plays a crucial role in dopaminergic nerve cell apoptosis. However, the upstream regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Our study showed that Drp1 knockdown inhibited aberrant mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. Importantly, we found that ROCK1 was activated in an MPP+-induced PD cell model and that ROCK1 knockdown and the specific ROCK1 activation inhibitor Y-27632 blocked Drp1-mediated aberrant mitochondrial fission and apoptosis of dopaminergic nerve cells by suppressing Drp1 dephosphorylation/activation. Our in vivo study confirmed that Y-27632 significantly improved symptoms in a PD mouse model by inhibiting Drp1-mediated aberrant mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. Collectively, our findings suggest an important molecular mechanism of PD pathogenesis involving ROCK1-regulated dopaminergic nerve cell apoptosis via the activation of Drp1-induced aberrant mitochondrial fission. Researchers in China have revealed how a protein molecule plays an early part in the molecular steps that can lead to Parkinson’s disease, which is caused by the death of nerve cells that make the neurotransmitter dopamine. Disruption of mitochondria, the energy-generating bodies inside cells, was already known to lead to the death of dopamine-producing cells. Rong Zhang, Guobing Li and colleagues at The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University in Chongqing, China traced the chain of cause and effect back to a protein called ROCK-1. Using a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease, they found that ROCK-1 activates another protein previously shown to trigger the disruption of mitochondria. ROCK-1’s early role in the sequence might make it a suitable target for treatment using drugs that inhibit its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Changpeng Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingbin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Wuyi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Faning Leng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangfang Sheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Guobing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China.
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China.
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Mechanick JI, Zhao S, Garvey WT. Leptin, An Adipokine With Central Importance in the Global Obesity Problem. Glob Heart 2017; 13:113-127. [PMID: 29248361 DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin has central importance in the global obesity and cardiovascular disease problem. Leptin is principally secreted by adipocytes and acts in the hypothalamus to suppress appetite and food intake, increase energy expenditure, and regulate body weight. Based on clinical translation of specific and networked actions, leptin affects the cardiovascular system and may be a marker and driver of cardiometabolic risk factors with interventions that are actionable by cardiologists. Leptin subnetwork analysis demonstrates a statistically significant role for ethnoculturally and socioeconomically appropriate lifestyle intervention in cardiovascular disease. Emergent mechanistic components and potential diagnostic or therapeutic targets include hexokinase 3, urocortins, clusterin, sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 6, C-reactive protein, platelet glycoprotein VI, albumin, pentraxin 3, ghrelin, obestatin prepropeptide, leptin receptor, neuropeptide Y, and corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1. Emergent associated symptoms include weight change, eating disorders, vascular necrosis, chronic fatigue, and chest pain. Leptin-targeted therapies are reported for lipodystrophy and leptin deficiency, but they are investigational for leptin resistance, obesity, and other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey I Mechanick
- Division of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Shan Zhao
- Basepaws Inc., Redondo Beach, CA, USA
| | - W Timothy Garvey
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Diabetes Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Yu QP, Feng DY, He XJ, Wu F, Xia MH, Dong T, Liu YH, Tan HZ, Zou SG, Zheng T, Ou XH, Zuo JJ. Effects of a traditional Chinese medicine formula and its extraction on muscle fiber characteristics in finishing pigs, porcine cell proliferation and isoforms of myosin heavy chain gene expression in myocytes. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017; 30:1620-1632. [PMID: 28728382 PMCID: PMC5666198 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study evaluated the effects of a traditional Chinese medicine formula (TCMF) on muscle fiber characteristics in finishing pigs and the effects of the formula’s extract (distilled water, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extraction) on porcine cell proliferation and isoforms of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) gene expression in myocytes. Methods In a completely randomized design, ninety pigs were assigned to three diets with five replications per treatment and six pigs per pen. The diets included the basal diet (control group), TCMF1 (basal diet+2.5 g/kg TCMF) and TCMF2 (basal diet+5 g/kg TCMF). The psoas major muscle was obtained from pigs at the end of the experiment. Muscle fiber characteristics in the psoas major muscle were analyzed using myosin ATPase staining. Cell proliferation was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) dye and cytometry. Isoforms of MyHC gene expression were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results The final body weight and carcass weight of finishing pigs were increased by TCMF1 (p<0.05), while the psoas major muscle cross-sectional area was increased by TCMF (p<0.05). The cross-sectional area and diameter of psoas major muscle fiber I, IIA, and IIB were increased by TCMF2 (p<0.05). The cross-sectional area and fiber diameter of psoas major muscle fiber IIA and IIB were increased by diet supplementation with TCMF1 (p<0.05). Psoas major muscle fiber IIA and IIB fiber density from the pigs fed the TCMF1 diet and the type IIB fiber density from the pigs fed the TCMF2 diet were lower compared to pigs fed the control diet (p<0.05). Pigs fed TCMF2 had a higher composition of type I fiber and a lower percentage of type IIB fiber in the psoas major muscle (p<0.05). The expression levels of MyHC I, MyHC IIa, and MyHC IIx mRNA increased and the amount of MyHC IIb mRNA decreased in the psoas major muscle from TCMF2, whereas MyHC I and MyHC IIx mRNA increased in the psoas major muscle from TCMF1 (p<0.05). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α and CaN mRNA expression in the psoas major muscle were up-regulated by TCMF (p<0.05). Porcine skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation was promoted by 4 μg/mL and 20 μg/mL TCMF water extraction (p<0.05). Both 1 μg/mL and 5 μg/mL of TCMF water extraction increased MyHC IIa, MyHC IIb, and MyHC IIx mRNA expression in porcine myocytes (p<0.05), while MyHC I mRNA expression in porcine myocytes was decreased by 5 μg/mL TCMF water extraction (p<0.05). Porcine myocyte MyHC I and MyHC IIx mRNA expression were increased, and MyHC IIa and MyHC IIb mRNA expression were down-regulated by 5 μg/mL TCMF ethyl acetate extraction (p<0.05). MyHC I and MyHC IIa mRNA expression in porcine myocytes were increased, and the MyHC IIb mRNA expression was decreased by 1 μg/mL TCMF ethyl acetate extraction (p<0.05). Four isoforms of MyHC mRNA expression in porcine myocytes were reduced by 5 μg/mL TCMF petroleum ether extraction (p<0.05). MyHC IIa mRNA expression in porcine myocytes increased and MyHC IIb mRNA expression decreased by 1 μg/mL in a TCMF petroleum ether extraction (p<0.05). Conclusion These results indicated that TCMF amplified the psoas major muscle cross-sectional area through changing muscle fiber characteristics in finishing pigs. This effect was confirmed as TCMF extraction promoted porcine cell proliferation and affected isoforms of MyHC gene expression in myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Ping Yu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Ding Yuan Feng
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xiao Jun He
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Fan Wu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Min Hao Xia
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Tao Dong
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yi Hua Liu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Hui Ze Tan
- Guangdong Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, Guangdong 527300, China
| | - Shi Geng Zou
- Guangdong Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, Guangdong 527300, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Nong Zhi Dao Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xian Hua Ou
- Nong Zhi Dao Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jian Jun Zuo
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
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