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Ma C, Li H, Lu S, Li X. The Role and Therapeutic Potential of Melatonin in Degenerative Fundus Diseases: Diabetes Retinopathy and Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:2329-2346. [PMID: 38911030 PMCID: PMC11193467 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s471525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Degenerative fundus disease encompasses a spectrum of ocular diseases, including diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which are major contributors to visual impairment and blindness worldwide. The development and implementation of effective strategies for managing and preventing the onset and progression of these diseases are crucial for preserving patients' visual acuity. Melatonin, a neurohormone primarily produced by the pineal gland, exhibits properties such as circadian rhythm modulation, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effects, and neuroprotection within the ocular environment. Furthermore, melatonin has been shown to suppress neovascularization and reduce vascular leakage, both of which are critical in the pathogenesis of degenerative fundus lesions. Consequently, melatonin emerges as a promising therapeutic candidate for degenerative ocular diseases. This review provides a comprehensive overview of melatonin synthesis, its localization within ocular tissues, and its mechanisms of action, particularly in regulating melatonin production, thereby underscoring its potential as a therapeutic agent for degenerative fundus diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Clinical Research Centre of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuwen Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian Li
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Mahapatra G, Gao Z, Bateman JR, Lockhart SN, Bergstrom J, Piloso JE, Craft S, Molina AJA. Peripheral Blood Cells From Older Adults Exhibit Sex-Associated Differences in Mitochondrial Function. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae098. [PMID: 38602189 PMCID: PMC11059251 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood-based mitochondrial bioenergetic profiling is a feasible, economical, and minimally invasive approach that can be used to examine mitochondrial function and energy metabolism in human subjects. In this study, we use 2 complementary respirometric techniques to evaluate mitochondrial bioenergetics in both intact and permeabilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and platelets to examine sex dimorphism in mitochondrial function among older adults. Employing equal numbers of PBMCs and platelets to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics, we observe significantly higher respiration rates in female compared to male participants. Mitochondrial bioenergetic differences remain significant after controlling for independent parameters including demographic parameters (age, years of education), and cognitive parameters (mPACC5, COGDX). Our study illustrates that circulating blood cells, immune cells in particular, have distinctly different mitochondrial bioenergetic profiles between females and males. These differences should be taken into account as blood-based bioenergetic profiling is now commonly used to understand the role of mitochondrial bioenergetics in human health and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Mahapatra
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Zhengrong Gao
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - James R Bateman
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Samuel Neal Lockhart
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jaclyn Bergstrom
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jemima Elizabeth Piloso
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony J A Molina
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
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Ahmadi S, Taghizadieh M, Mehdizadehfar E, Hasani A, Khalili Fard J, Feizi H, Hamishehkar H, Ansarin M, Yekani M, Memar MY. Gut microbiota in neurological diseases: Melatonin plays an important regulatory role. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116487. [PMID: 38518598 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a highly conserved molecule produced in the human pineal gland as a hormone. It is known for its essential biological effects, such as antioxidant activity, circadian rhythm regulator, and immunomodulatory effects. The gut is one of the primary known sources of melatonin. The gut microbiota helps produce melatonin from tryptophan, and melatonin has been shown to have a beneficial effect on gut barrier function and microbial population. Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota is associated with bacterial imbalance and decreased beneficial microbial metabolites, including melatonin. In this way, low melatonin levels may be related to several human diseases. Melatonin has shown both preventive and therapeutic effects against various conditions, including neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. This review was aimed to discuss the role of melatonin in the body, and to describe the possible relationship between gut microbiota and melatonin production, as well as the potential therapeutic effects of melatonin on neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Ahmadi
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghizadieh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Center for Women's Health Research Zahra, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Mehdizadehfar
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alka Hasani
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Clinical Research Development Unit, Sina Educational, Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Khalili Fard
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Feizi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Microbiology, Aalinasab Hospital, Social Security Organization, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hammed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masood Ansarin
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mina Yekani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Yousef Memar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Eva L, Pleș H, Covache-Busuioc RA, Glavan LA, Bratu BG, Bordeianu A, Dumitrascu DI, Corlatescu AD, Ciurea AV. A Comprehensive Review on Neuroimmunology: Insights from Multiple Sclerosis to Future Therapeutic Developments. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2489. [PMID: 37760930 PMCID: PMC10526343 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review delves into neuroimmunology, focusing on its relevance to multiple sclerosis (MS) and potential treatment advancements. Neuroimmunology explores the intricate relationship between the immune system and the central nervous system (CNS). Understanding these mechanisms is vital for grasping the pathophysiology of diseases like MS and for devising innovative treatments. This review introduces foundational neuroimmunology concepts, emphasizing the role of immune cells, cytokines, and blood-brain barrier in CNS stability. It highlights how their dysregulation can contribute to MS and discusses genetic and environmental factors influencing MS susceptibility. Cutting-edge research methods, from omics techniques to advanced imaging, have revolutionized our understanding of MS, offering valuable diagnostic and prognostic tools. This review also touches on the intriguing gut-brain axis, examining how gut microbiota impacts neuroimmunological processes and its potential therapeutic implications. Current MS treatments, from immunomodulatory drugs to disease-modifying therapies, are discussed alongside promising experimental approaches. The potential of personalized medicine, cell-based treatments, and gene therapy in MS management is also explored. In conclusion, this review underscores neuroimmunology's significance in MS research, suggesting that a deeper understanding could pave the way for more tailored and effective treatments for MS and similar conditions. Continued research and collaboration in neuroimmunology are essential for enhancing patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucian Eva
- Clinical Emergency Hospital “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu”, 700309 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Horia Pleș
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (NeuroPsy-Cog), “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Razvan-Adrian Covache-Busuioc
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 București, Romania; (L.A.G.); (B.-G.B.); (A.B.); (D.-I.D.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Luca Andrei Glavan
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 București, Romania; (L.A.G.); (B.-G.B.); (A.B.); (D.-I.D.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Bogdan-Gabriel Bratu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 București, Romania; (L.A.G.); (B.-G.B.); (A.B.); (D.-I.D.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Andrei Bordeianu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 București, Romania; (L.A.G.); (B.-G.B.); (A.B.); (D.-I.D.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - David-Ioan Dumitrascu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 București, Romania; (L.A.G.); (B.-G.B.); (A.B.); (D.-I.D.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Antonio Daniel Corlatescu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 București, Romania; (L.A.G.); (B.-G.B.); (A.B.); (D.-I.D.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Alexandru Vlad Ciurea
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 București, Romania; (L.A.G.); (B.-G.B.); (A.B.); (D.-I.D.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
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Mahapatra G, Gao Z, Bateman JR, Lockhart SN, Bergstrom J, DeWitt AR, Piloso JE, Kramer PA, Gonzalez-Armenta JL, Amick A, Casanova R, Craft S, Molina AJA. Blood-based bioenergetic profiling reveals differences in mitochondrial function associated with cognitive performance and Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:1466-1478. [PMID: 35870133 PMCID: PMC9868193 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite evidence for systemic mitochondrial dysfunction early in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, reliable approaches monitoring these key bioenergetic alterations are lacking. We used peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and platelets as reporters of mitochondrial function in the context of cognitive impairment and AD. METHODS Mitochondrial function was analyzed using complementary respirometric approaches in intact and permeabilized cells from older adults with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia due to probable AD. Clinical outcomes included measures of cognitive function and brain morphology. RESULTS PBMC and platelet bioenergetic parameters were lowest in dementia participants. MCI platelets exhibited higher maximal respiration than normocognitives. PBMC and platelet respiration positively associated with cognitive ability and hippocampal volume, and negatively associated with white matter hyperintensities. DISCUSSION Our findings indicate blood-based bioenergetic profiling can be used as a minimally invasive approach for measuring systemic bioenergetic differences associated with dementia, and may be used to monitor bioenergetic changes associated with AD risk and progression. HIGHLIGHTS Peripheral cell bioenergetic alterations accompanied cognitive decline in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementia (DEM). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and platelet glucose-mediated respiration decreased in participants with dementia compared to normocognitive controls (NC). PBMC fatty-acid oxidation (FAO)-mediated respiration progressively declined in MCI and AD compared to NC participants, while platelet FAO-mediated respiration exhibited an inverse-Warburg effect in MCI compared to NC participants. Positive associations were observed between bioenergetics and Modified Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite, and bioenergetics and hippocampal volume %, while a negative association was observed between bioenergetics and white matter hyperintensities. Systemic mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Mahapatra
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zhengrong Gao
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - James R. Bateman
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Samuel Neal Lockhart
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jaclyn Bergstrom
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Amber Renee DeWitt
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jemima Elizabeth Piloso
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Philip Adam Kramer
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jenny L. Gonzalez-Armenta
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Allison Amick
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ramon Casanova
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony J. A. Molina
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
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Ramos E, López-Muñoz F, Gil-Martín E, Egea J, Álvarez-Merz I, Painuli S, Semwal P, Martins N, Hernández-Guijo JM, Romero A. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Key Emphasis on Melatonin Safety and Therapeutic Efficacy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1152. [PMID: 34356384 PMCID: PMC8301107 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections constitute a tectonic convulsion in the normophysiology of the hosts. The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is not an exception, and therefore the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, like any other invading microbe, enacts a generalized immune response once the virus contacts the body. Melatonin is a systemic dealer that does not overlook any homeostasis disturbance, which consequently brings into play its cooperative triad, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-stimulant backbone, to stop the infective cycle of SARS-CoV-2 or any other endogenous or exogenous threat. In COVID-19, the corporal propagation of SARS-CoV-2 involves an exacerbated oxidative activity and therefore the overproduction of great amounts of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). The endorsement of melatonin as a possible protective agent against the current pandemic is indirectly supported by its widely demonstrated beneficial role in preclinical and clinical studies of other respiratory diseases. In addition, focusing the therapeutic action on strengthening the host protection responses in critical phases of the infective cycle makes it likely that multi-tasking melatonin will provide multi-protection, maintaining its efficacy against the virus variants that are already emerging and will emerge as long as SARS-CoV-2 continues to circulate among us.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Francisco López-Muñoz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Camilo José Cela, C/Castillo de Alarcón 49, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain;
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (i + 12), Avda. Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Portucalense Institute of Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Neurosciences (INPP), Portucalense University, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 541, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Thematic Network for Cooperative Health Research (RETICS), Addictive Disorders Network, Health Institute Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Gil-Martín
- Nutrition, Food & Plant Science Group NF1, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Javier Egea
- Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Molecular Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Plasticity Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iris Álvarez-Merz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.Á.-M.); (J.M.H.-G.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km. 9100, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sakshi Painuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248002, India; (S.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Prabhakar Semwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248002, India; (S.P.); (P.S.)
- Uttarakhand State Council for Science and Technology, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Institute for Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Jesús M. Hernández-Guijo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.Á.-M.); (J.M.H.-G.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km. 9100, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Mazzoccoli G, Kvetnoy I, Mironova E, Yablonskiy P, Sokolovich E, Krylova J, Carbone A, Anderson G, Polyakova V. The melatonergic pathway and its interactions in modulating respiratory system disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111397. [PMID: 33761613 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a key intracellular neuroimmune-endocrine regulator and coordinator of multiple complex and interrelated biological processes. The main functions of melatonin include the regulation of neuroendocrine and antioxidant system activity, blood pressure, rhythms of the sleep-wake cycle, the retardation of ageing processes, as well as reseting and optimizing mitochondria and thereby the cells of the immune system. Melatonin and its agonists have therefore been mooted as a treatment option across a wide array of medical disorders. This article reviews the role of melatonin in the regulation of respiratory system functions under normal and pathological conditions. Melatonin can normalize the structural and functional organization of damaged lung tissues, by a number of mechanisms, including the regulation of signaling molecules, oxidant status, lipid raft function, optimized mitochondrial function and reseting of the immune response over the circadian rhythm. Consequently, melatonin has potential clinical utility for bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, lung vascular diseases, as well as pulmonary and viral infections. The integration of melatonin's effects with the alpha 7 nicotinic receptor and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the regulation of mitochondrial function are proposed as a wider framework for understanding the role of melatonin across a wide array of diverse pulmonary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Italy.
| | - Igor Kvetnoy
- Saint Petersburg Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Lygovsky Ave. 2-4, Saint Petersburg 191036, Russian Federation; Department of Pathology, Saint Petersburg State University, University Embankment, 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Mironova
- Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Dynamo Ave., 3, Saint Petersburg 197110, Russian Federation
| | - Petr Yablonskiy
- Saint Petersburg Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Lygovsky Ave. 2-4, Saint Petersburg 191036, Russian Federation
| | - Evgenii Sokolovich
- Saint Petersburg Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Lygovsky Ave. 2-4, Saint Petersburg 191036, Russian Federation
| | - Julia Krylova
- Saint Petersburg Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Lygovsky Ave. 2-4, Saint Petersburg 191036, Russian Federation; Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Lev Tolstoy str. 6-8, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russian Federation
| | - Annalucia Carbone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Italy
| | | | - Victoria Polyakova
- Saint Petersburg Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Lygovsky Ave. 2-4, Saint Petersburg 191036, Russian Federation; St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Litovskaia str. 2, Saint-Petersburg 194100, Russian Federation
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Carbone A, Linkova N, Polyakova V, Mironova E, Hashimova U, Gadzhiev A, Safikhanova K, Kvetnaia T, Krylova J, Tarquini R, Mazzoccoli G, Kvetnoy I. Melatonin and Sirtuins in Buccal Epithelium: Potential Biomarkers of Aging and Age-Related Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218134. [PMID: 33143333 PMCID: PMC7662974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) and sirtuins (SIRT) are geroprotective molecules that hold back the aging process and the development of age-related diseases, including cardiovascular pathologies. Buccal epithelium (BE) sampling is a non-invasive procedure, yielding highly informative material for evaluating the expression of genes and proteins as well as the synthesis of molecules. Among these, MT and SIRTs are valuable markers of the aging process and age-related pathologies. The purpose of this study was to examine age-related expression patterns of these signaling molecules, in particular MT, SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT6 in BE of subjects of different ages with and without arterial hypertension (AH). We used real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence analysis by confocal microscopy. We found that MT immunofluorescence intensity in BE decreases with aging, more evidently in AH patients. SIRT3 and SIRT6 genes expression and immunofluorescence intensity in BE was decreased in aging controls. In AH patients, SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT6 gene expression and immunofluorescence intensity in BE was decreased in relation to age and in comparison with age-matched controls. In conclusion, the evaluation of MT and sirtuins in BE could provide a non-invasive method for appraising the aging process, also when accompanied by AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalucia Carbone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Natalia Linkova
- Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 197110 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (E.M.); (T.K.)
- Department of Therapy, Geriatrics, and Anti-Aging Medicine, Academy of Postgraduate Education under FSBU FSCC of FMBA of Russia, 125310 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria Polyakova
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Pathology, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, 194100 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
- Department of Physiology and Department of Pathology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Ekaterina Mironova
- Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 197110 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (E.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Ulduz Hashimova
- Garayev Institute of Physiology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku AZ1100, Azerbaijan; (U.H.); (A.G.); (K.S.)
| | - Ahmed Gadzhiev
- Garayev Institute of Physiology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku AZ1100, Azerbaijan; (U.H.); (A.G.); (K.S.)
| | - Khatira Safikhanova
- Garayev Institute of Physiology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku AZ1100, Azerbaijan; (U.H.); (A.G.); (K.S.)
| | - Tatiana Kvetnaia
- Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 197110 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (E.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Julia Krylova
- Department of Pathology, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Roberto Tarquini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
- Inter-institutional Department for Continuity of Care of Empoli, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Igor Kvetnoy
- Department of Physiology and Department of Pathology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
- Center of Molecular Biomedicine, Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 191036 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Sanborn V, Gunstad J. The Potential Mediation of the Effects of Physical Activity on Cognitive Function by the Gut Microbiome. Geriatrics (Basel) 2020; 5:geriatrics5040063. [PMID: 32992812 PMCID: PMC7709629 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics5040063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The population of older adults is growing dramatically worldwide. As older adults are at greater risk of developing disorders associated with cognitive dysfunction (i.e., dementia), healthcare costs are expected to double by 2040. Evidence suggests dementia may be slowed or prevented by lifestyle interventions, including physical activity (PA). PA is associated with improved cognitive function and may reduce risk for dementia by mitigating known risk factors (i.e., cardiovascular diseases) and/or by enhancing neurochemical processes. An emerging area of research suggests the gut microbiome may have similar neuroprotective effects. Altering the gut microbiome has been found to target physiological processes associated with dementia risk, and it influences gut-brain-microbiome axis signaling, impacting cognitive functioning. The gut microbiome can be altered by several means (i.e., disease, diet, prebiotics, probiotics), including PA. As PA and the gut microbiome independently influence cognitive function and PA changes the composition of the gut microbiome, cognitive improvement due to PA may be partially mediated by the gut microbiome. The present article provides an overview of the literature regarding the complex associations among PA, cognitive function, and the gut microbiome, as well as their underlying biological mechanisms. A comprehensive, theoretical model integrating evidence for the potential mediation is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Sanborn
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - John Gunstad
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA;
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA
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10
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Maes M, Anderson G, Betancort Medina SR, Seo M, Ojala JO. Integrating Autism Spectrum Disorder Pathophysiology: Mitochondria, Vitamin A, CD38, Oxytocin, Serotonin and Melatonergic Alterations in the Placenta and Gut. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4405-4420. [PMID: 31682209 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191102165459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A diverse array of data has been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), reflecting the complexity of its pathophysiology as well as its heterogeneity. Two important hubs have emerged, the placenta/prenatal period and the postnatal gut, with alterations in mitochondria functioning crucial in both. METHODS Factors acting to regulate mitochondria functioning in ASD across development are reviewed in this article. RESULTS Decreased vitamin A, and its retinoic acid metabolites, lead to a decrease in CD38 and associated changes that underpin a wide array of data on the biological underpinnings of ASD, including decreased oxytocin, with relevance both prenatally and in the gut. Decreased sirtuins, poly-ADP ribose polymerase-driven decreases in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), hyperserotonemia, decreased monoamine oxidase, alterations in 14-3-3 proteins, microRNA alterations, dysregulated aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity, suboptimal mitochondria functioning, and decreases in the melatonergic pathways are intimately linked to this. Many of the above processes may be modulating, or mediated by, alterations in mitochondria functioning. Other bodies of data associated with ASD may also be incorporated within these basic processes, including how ASD risk factors such as maternal obesity and preeclampsia, as well as more general prenatal stressors, modulate the likelihood of offspring ASD. CONCLUSION Such a mitochondria-focussed integrated model of the pathophysiology of ASD has important preventative and treatment implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - George Anderson
- CRC Scotland & London, Eccleston Square, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Moonsang Seo
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna O Ojala
- Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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11
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Anderson G. Integrating Pathophysiology in Migraine: Role of the Gut Microbiome and Melatonin. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:3550-3562. [PMID: 31538885 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190920114611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathoetiology and pathophysiology of migraine are widely accepted as unknown. METHODS The current article reviews the wide array of data associated with the biological underpinnings of migraine and provides a framework that integrates previously disparate bodies of data. RESULTS The importance of alterations in stress- and pro-inflammatory cytokine- induced gut dysbiosis, especially butyrate production, are highlighted. This is linked to a decrease in the availability of melatonin, and a relative increase in the N-acetylserotonin/melatonin ratio, which has consequences for the heightened glutamatergic excitatory transmission in migraine. It is proposed that suboptimal mitochondria functioning and metabolic regulation drive alterations in astrocytes and satellite glial cells that underpin the vasoregulatory and nociceptive changes in migraine. CONCLUSION This provides a framework not only for classical migraine associated factors, such as calcitonin-gene related peptide and serotonin, but also for wider factors in the developmental pathoetiology of migraine. A number of future research and treatment implications arise, including the clinical utilization of sodium butyrate and melatonin in the management of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Anderson
- CRC Scotland & London, Eccleston Square, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: Roles of Mitochondria CYP1B1 and Melatonergic Pathways in Co-Ordinating Wider Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20164068. [PMID: 31434333 PMCID: PMC6720185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) can be adaptive, as arising from exercise, or pathological, most commonly when driven by hypertension. The pathophysiology of LVH is consistently associated with an increase in cytochrome P450 (CYP)1B1 and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and a decrease in sirtuins and mitochondria functioning. Treatment is usually targeted to hypertension management, although it is widely accepted that treatment outcomes could be improved with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy targeted interventions. The current article reviews the wide, but disparate, bodies of data pertaining to LVH pathoetiology and pathophysiology, proposing a significant role for variations in the N-acetylserotonin (NAS)/melatonin ratio within mitochondria in driving the biological underpinnings of LVH. Heightened levels of mitochondria CYP1B1 drive the ‘backward’ conversion of melatonin to NAS, resulting in a loss of the co-operative interactions of melatonin and sirtuin-3 within mitochondria. NAS activates the brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor, TrkB, leading to raised trophic signalling via cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP)-response element binding protein (CREB) and the MAPKs, which are significantly increased in LVH. The gut microbiome may be intimately linked to how stress and depression associate with LVH and hypertension, with gut microbiome derived butyrate, and other histone deacetylase inhibitors, significant modulators of the melatonergic pathways and LVH more generally. This provides a model of LVH that has significant treatment and research implications.
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13
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Anderson G. Breast cancer: Occluded role of mitochondria N-acetylserotonin/melatonin ratio in co-ordinating pathophysiology. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 168:259-268. [PMID: 31310736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of factors contribute to the biochemical underpinnings of breast cancer, in the absence of any clear, integrative framework. This article proposes that melatonergic pathway regulation within mitochondria provides an integrative framework for the wide array of data driving breast cancer pathophysiology. As melatonin is toxic to breast cancer cells, its production within mitochondria poses a significant challenge to breast cancer cell survival. Consequently, the diverse plasticity in breast cancer cells may arise from a requirement to decrease mitochondria melatonin synthesis. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor role in breast cancer pathophysiology may be mediated by an increase in cytochrome P450 (CYP)1b1 in mitochondria, leading to the backward conversion of melatonin to N-acetylserotonin (NAS). NAS has distinct effects to melatonin, including its activation of the tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptor. TrkB activation significantly contributes to breast cancer cell survival and migration. However, the most important aspect of NAS induction by CYP1b1 in breast cancer cells is the prevention of melatonin effects in mitochondria. Many of the changes occurring in breast cancer cells arise from the need to regulate this pathway in mitochondria, allowing this to provide a framework that integrates a host of previously disparate data, including: microRNAs, estrogen, 14-3-3 proteins, sirtuins, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and the kynurenine pathways. It is also proposed that this framework provides a pathoetiological model incorporating the early developmental regulation of the gut microbiome that integrates breast cancer risk factors, including obesity. This has significant treatment, prevention and research implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Anderson
- CRC Scotland & London, Eccleston Square, London SW1V 1PH, UK.
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14
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Quan C, Chen J, Luo Y, Zhou L, He X, Liao Y, Chou J, Guo Q, Chen AF, Wen O. BIS-guided deep anesthesia decreases short-term postoperative cognitive dysfunction and peripheral inflammation in elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01238. [PMID: 30815998 PMCID: PMC6456817 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common clinical complication, with an underlying pathophysiology linked to heightened levels of neuroinflammation. However, it requires clarification as to whether the depth of anesthesia modulates postoperative cognitive dysfunction. This study investigated the association between depth of anesthesia and POCD in elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery. METHODS A total of 120 patients aged 60 years or older who were planned for abdominal surgery under total intravenous anesthesia were included in this study. The depth of anesthesia was guided by monitoring Bispectral Index (BIS) data. All study participants completed a battery of nine neuropsychological tests before surgery and at 7 days and 3 months after surgery. POCD was calculated by using the reliable change index. Plasma concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10, S-100β, and norepinephrine (NE) were measured. RESULTS The incidence of POCD at 7 days after surgery in the deep anesthesia group was 19.2% (10/52), which was significantly lower (p = 0.032) than the light anesthesia group 39.6% (21/53). The depth of anesthesia had no effect on POCD at 3 months after surgery (10.3% vs 14.6%, respectively, p = 0.558). Similarly, plasma levels of CRP and IL-1β in deep anesthesia group were lower than that in light anesthesia group at 7 days after surgery (p < 0.05), but not at 3 months after surgery (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the plasma concentration of IL-10, S-100β, and NE between the groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Deep anesthesia under total intravenous anesthesia could decrease the occurrence of short-term POCD and inhibit postoperative peripheral inflammation in elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery, compared with light anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxuan Quan
- Department of Anesthesiathe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Anesthesiathe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yuting Luo
- Department of Anesthesiathe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiathe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xi He
- Department of Anesthesiathe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yan Liao
- Department of Anesthesiathe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jing Chou
- Department of Anesthesiathe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Qulian Guo
- Department of AnesthesiaXiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Alex F. Chen
- Department of Cardiologythe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare SystemPittsburghPennsylvania
| | - Ouyang Wen
- Department of Anesthesiathe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
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