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Castillo P, Palou M, Otero D, Núñez P, Palou A, Picó C. Sex-Specific Effects of Myo-Inositol Ingested During Lactation in the Improvement of Metabolic Health in Adult Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000965. [PMID: 33554468 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE To examine the effects of myo-inositol supplementation during lactation in male and female rats on metabolic parameters and its potential to reverse metabolic alterations associated with a moderate gestational calorie restriction. METHODS AND RESULTS The offspring of control and 25% gestational calorie-restricted rats are supplemented with myo-inositol or vehicle throughout lactation and exposed to a Western diet (WD) from 5 to 7 months of age. Blood parameters are measured and gene expression and protein levels in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) and liver are analyzed. In male offspring, but not in females, myo-inositol supplementation resulted in lower fasting triglyceride and insulin levels and HOMA-IR at 7 months, and reversed the alterations in these parameters due to gestational calorie restriction. The expression pattern of key genes in metabolism in rWAT and liver support the beneficial effect of myo-inositol supplementation in reversing metabolic alterations programmed by gestational calorie restriction in male rats. CONCLUSIONS Myo-inositol supplementation at physiological doses during lactation improves metabolic health and prevents the programmed trend to develop insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridemia in male rats acquired by inadequate fetal nutrition and exacerbated by a diabetogenic diet in adulthood. The absence of clear effects in females deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Castillo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Mariona Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - David Otero
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Paula Núñez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Catalina Picó
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
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Picó C, Reis F, Egas C, Mathias P, Matafome P. Lactation as a programming window for metabolic syndrome. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13482. [PMID: 33350459 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The concept of developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) was initially supported by the low birth weight and higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease in adult life, caused by nutrition restriction during foetal development. However, other programming windows have been recognized in the last years, namely lactation, infancy, adolescence and even preconception. Although the concept has been developed in order to study the impact of foetal calorie restriction in adult life, it is now recognized that maternal overweight during programming windows is also harmful to the offspring. This article explores and summarizes the current knowledge about the impact of maternal obesity and obesogenic diets during lactation in the metabolic programming towards the development of metabolic syndrome in the adult life. The impact of maternal obesity and obesogenic diets in milk quality is discussed, including the alterations in specific micro and macronutrients, as well as the impact of such alterations in the development of metabolic syndrome-associated features in the newborn, such as insulin resistance and adiposity. Moreover, the impact of milk quality and formula feeding in infants' gut microbiota, immune system maturation and in the nutrient-sensing mechanisms, namely those related to gut hormones and leptin, are also discussed under the current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Picó
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics and Obesity), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma (Mallorca), Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma (Mallorca), Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Palma (Mallorca), Spain
| | - Flávio Reis
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics and Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Conceição Egas
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Paulo Matafome
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology and Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Complementary Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Coimbra, Portugal
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Yau-Qiu ZX, Picó C, Rodríguez AM, Palou A. Leptin Distribution in Rat Foetal and Extraembryonic Tissues in Late Gestation: A Physiological View of Amniotic Fluid Leptin. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2542. [PMID: 32825787 PMCID: PMC7551401 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal leptin is key to regulating foetal growth and early metabolic programming. The presence of intact leptin in rat foetal (at late gestation) and neonatal (immediately after birth) stomach content and mucosa has been previously described, suggesting that it may act as a regulatory nutrient for the neonate rats, be internalised by the stomach, and play a physiological role early in life, which requires to be further investigated, including its origin. We aimed to study the ontogeny of the presence of leptin in the foetal stomach and key extraembryonic tissues in rats at late gestation (days 18-21). Leptin concentration was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and placental leptin immunolocalisation was analysed by immunohistochemistry. Leptin showed a sudden appearance in the amniotic fluid (AF) at day 20 of gestation, gastric content (swallowed AF), stomach, and umbilical cord, significantly increasing at day 21. Leptin levels in these fluids and tissues were positively correlated. In the placenta, leptin was detectable at all the studied days, but its localisation changed from widespread throughout the placenta at day 18 to well-defined in the labyrinth zone from day 19 onwards. The results support a possible internalisation of AF leptin by the immature stomach of near-term foetuses and suggest that changes in placental leptin localisation might help to explain the sudden appearance of leptin in AF at gestational day 20, with potential physiological significance regarding short-term feeding control and metabolic programming in the developing offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xin Yau-Qiu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, 07122 Balearic Islands, Spain; (Z.X.Y.-Q.); (C.P.); (A.P.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, 07010 Balearic Islands, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, 07122 Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Catalina Picó
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, 07122 Balearic Islands, Spain; (Z.X.Y.-Q.); (C.P.); (A.P.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, 07010 Balearic Islands, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, 07122 Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Ana María Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, 07122 Balearic Islands, Spain; (Z.X.Y.-Q.); (C.P.); (A.P.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, 07010 Balearic Islands, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, 07122 Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, 07122 Balearic Islands, Spain; (Z.X.Y.-Q.); (C.P.); (A.P.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, 07010 Balearic Islands, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Palma de Mallorca, 07122 Balearic Islands, Spain
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Szostaczuk N, van Schothorst EM, Sánchez J, Priego T, Palou M, Bekkenkamp-Grovenstein M, Faustmann G, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Tiran B, Roob JM, Winklhofer-Roob BM, Keijer J, Palou A, Picó C. Identification of blood cell transcriptome-based biomarkers in adulthood predictive of increased risk to develop metabolic disorders using early life intervention rat models. FASEB J 2020; 34:9003-9017. [PMID: 32474969 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000071rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction during gestation in rats has long-lasting adverse effects in the offspring. It induces metabolic syndrome-related alterations, which are partially reversed by leptin supplementation during lactation. We employed these conditions to identify transcript-based nutrient sensitive biomarkers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) predictive of later adverse metabolic health. The best candidate was validated in humans. Transcriptome analysis of PBMCs from adult male Wistar rats of three experimental groups was performed: offspring of control dams (CON), and offspring of 20% calorie-restricted dams during gestation without (CR) and with leptin supplementation throughout lactation (CR-LEP). The expression of 401 genes was affected by gestational calorie restriction and reversed by leptin. The changes preceded metabolic syndrome-related phenotypic alterations. Of these genes, Npc1 mRNA levels were lower in CR vs CON, and normalized to CON in CR-LEP. In humans, NPC1 mRNA levels in peripheral blood cells (PBCs) were decreased in subjects with mildly impaired metabolic health compared to healthy subjects. Therefore, a set of potential transcript-based biomarkers indicative of a predisposition to metabolic syndrome-related alterations were identified, including NPC1, which was validated in humans. Low NPC1 transcript levels in PBCs are a candidate biomarker of increased risk for impaired metabolic health in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara Szostaczuk
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Juana Sánchez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Teresa Priego
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Mariona Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Gernot Faustmann
- Human Nutrition & Metabolism Research and Training Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Beate Tiran
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes M Roob
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Brigitte M Winklhofer-Roob
- Human Nutrition & Metabolism Research and Training Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Catalina Picó
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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