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El-Dahhar AA, Elhetawy AIG, Refaey WMA, El-Zaeem SY, Elebiary EH, Lotfy AM, Abdel-Rahim MM. Bentonite-supplemented diets improved fish performance ammonia excretion haemato-biochemical analyses immunity antioxidants and histological characteristics of European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13868. [PMID: 38879696 PMCID: PMC11180192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63936-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to examine the potential effects of bentonite (BN) supplemented diets on growth, feed utilization, blood biochemistry, and histomorphology of Dicentrarchus labrax. Six treatments in triplicate were tested: B0, B0.5, B1.0, B1.5, B3.0, and B4.5, which represented fish groups fed diets supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 3, and 4.5% BN, respectively. For 84 days, juveniles' seabass (initial weight = 32.73 g) were fed diets containing 46% protein, three times daily at 3% of body weight. With a 5% daily water exchange, underground seawater (32 ppt) was used. Findings revealed significant improvements in water quality (TAN and NH3), growth (FW, WG and SGR) and feed utilization (FCR, PER and PPV) in fish fed BN-supplemented diets, with the best values in favor of the B1.5 group. Additional enhancements in kidney function indicators (urea and uric acid) and liver enzymes were observed in fish of the BN-treated groups along with a decrease in cholesterol level in the B1.5 group. Further improvements in fish innate immunity (hemoglobin, red blood cells, glucose, total protein, globulin, and immunoglobulin IgM), antioxidant activity (total antioxidative capacity and catalase), and decreased cortisol levels in fish of the BN-treated groups. Histological examinations of the anterior and posterior intestines and liver in groups B1.5 and B3 revealed the healthiest organs. This study recommends BN at a concentration of 1.5% as a feed additive in the Dicentrarchus labrax diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A El-Dahhar
- Animal and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba-Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ashraf I G Elhetawy
- Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Wael M A Refaey
- Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samy Y El-Zaeem
- Animal and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba-Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Elsayed H Elebiary
- Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman M Lotfy
- Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Rahim
- Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Cairo, Egypt
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Wu H, Yuan X, Xie M, Gao J, Xiong Z, Song R, Xie Z, Ou D. The Impact of Niclosamide Exposure on the Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes and the Expression of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Genes in Black Carp ( Mylopharyngodon piceus). Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2196. [PMID: 38137017 PMCID: PMC10743074 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Niclosamide (NIC, 2',5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide) is a salicylanilide molluscicide, and the extensive utilization and environmental pollution associated with NIC engender a potential hazard to both human health and the wellbeing of aquatic organisms. However, the mechanism of the chronic toxicity of NIC at environmentally relevant concentrations in terms of oxidative stress, metabolic disorder, and barrier functions in black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) is unknown. Therefore, healthy juvenile black carp (M. piceus) (average weight: 38.2 ± 2.5 g) were exposed to NIC at an environmentally realistic concentration (0, 10, and 50 μg/L) for 28 days. The findings of this study indicate that exposure to NIC resulted in reductions in weight gain, decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes, and increased expression of the Nrf2 gene. Furthermore, the liver demonstrated a greater accumulation of NIC than that in the gut and gills, as determined with a chemical analysis. Additionally, NIC exposure led to a significant reduction in ATP content and the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase in the gut. Meanwhile, exposure to NIC resulted in a decrease in the liver glucose (Glu) level, gut cholesterol (CHO), and glycogen (Gln) and triglyceride (TG) content in all examined tissues. Conversely, it led to an increase in tissue lactic acid (LA) and acetyl-CoA levels, as well as LDH activity. Furthermore, NIC exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations demonstrated an upregulation in the expression of genes associated with glycolysis, such as PK and GK, while concurrently downregulating the gluconeogenesis gene G6Pase. Additionally, NIC exhibited an upregulation in the expression of genes related to β-oxidation, such as CPT1 and ACOX, while downregulating genes involved in triglyceride synthesis, including SREBP1, GPAT, FAS, and ACC1. Moreover, NIC facilitated fatty acid transportation through the overexpression of FATP and Fat/cd36. These results suggest that chronic exposure to NIC is associated with oxidative stress, compromised barrier function, and metabolic disorder. Moreover, these results underscore the significance of assessing the potential consequences of NIC for black carp and aquatic environments for aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rui Song
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China; (H.W.); (X.Y.); (M.X.); (J.G.); (Z.X.); (Z.X.); (D.O.)
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Elhetawy AIG, Abdel-Rahim MM, Sallam AE, Shahin SA, Lotfy AMA, El Basuini MF. Dietary Wood and Activated Charcoal Improved Ammonium Removal, Heavy Metals Detoxification, Growth Performance, Blood Biochemistry, Carcass Traits, and Histopathology of European Seabass. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:8860652. [PMID: 38023984 PMCID: PMC10656192 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8860652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
A 120-day growth trial was completed to assess rearing water quality and fish performance in terms of growth, feed efficacy, digestive enzymes, immunity, and antioxidant activity of seabass fed an experimental diet (ED) supplemented with commercial wood charcoal (WC) and activated wood charcoal (AC). Three levels (0, 10, and 20 g) of WC and AC were administered, representing five treatments: control (CD) fish-fed ED without additives, (WC-1) fish-fed ED containing 10 g kg-1 WC, (WC-2) fish-fed ED containing 20 g kg-1 WC, (AC-1) fish-fed ED containing 10 g kg-1 AC, and (AC-2) fish-fed ED containing 20 g kg-1 AC. Three hundred fish (60.12 ± 0.20 g/fish) were stocked in 15 cement tanks (4.0 m × 2.0 m × 1.2 m, water volume 5 m3 each) at 20 fish/tank and a daily feed ration of 3% of body weight. Results revealed significant improvements with increased growth variables (final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate), decreased FCR, and decreased ammonia levels and heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Fe, Mn, and Zn) content in rearing water, muscle, and liver with fish fed WC and AC supplemented diets. Furthermore, considerable improvements in digestive enzymes, immunity, and antioxidant activity, with enhanced kidneys, liver, intestines, gills, and spleen. Fish fed the WC-1 diet had a higher final weight (171.90 g), better FCR (1.25), and improved internal organs than the other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf I. G. Elhetawy
- Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries NIOF, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Rahim
- Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries NIOF, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. Sallam
- Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries NIOF, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shimaa A. Shahin
- Animal and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture Saba-basha, Alexandria, P.O. Box 21531, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Ayman M. A. Lotfy
- Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries NIOF, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed F. El Basuini
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Faculty of Desert Agriculture, King Salman International University, Tur Sinai, South Sinai, Egypt
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Wu H, Gao J, Xie M, Wu J, Song R, Yuan X, Wu Y, Ou D. Chronic exposure to deltamethrin disrupts intestinal health and intestinal microbiota in juvenile crucian carp. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113732. [PMID: 35679730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of deltamethrin in agriculture and aquaculture can lead to residues increased in many regions, which poses negative impacts on intestinal health of aquatic organisms. Although the potential toxicity of deltamethrin have recently attracted attention, the comprehensive studies on intestinal injuries after chronic deltamethrin exposure remain poorly understood. Herein, in a 28-day chronic toxicity test, crucian carp expose to different concentrations of deltamethrin (0, 0.3, and 0.6 μg/L) were used as the research object. We found that the morphology changes and increased goblet cells in intestinal tissue, and the extent of tissue injury increased along with the increasing exposure dose of deltamethrin. Additionally, the genes expression of antioxidant activity (Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), and catalase (CAT)), inflammatory response (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interferon gamma (IFNγ), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β)), and tight junctions (Claudin 12 (CLDN12), and tight junction protein 1 (ZO-1)) dramatically increased. Meanwhile, the apoptosis and autophagy process were triggered through caspase-9 cascade and autophagy related 5 (ATG5)- autophagy related 12 (ATG12) conjugate. Besides, chronic deltamethrin exposure increased the amount of Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobiota, while decreased Fusobacteriota abundance, resulting in intestinal microbiota function disorders. In summary, our results highlight that chronic exposure to deltamethrin cause serious intestinal toxicity and results in physiological changes and intestinal flora disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China.
| | - Jinwei Gao
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China.
| | - Min Xie
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China.
| | - Jiayu Wu
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China.
| | - Rui Song
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China.
| | - Xiping Yuan
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China.
| | - Yuanan Wu
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China.
| | - Dongsheng Ou
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China.
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Wu H, Gao J, Xie M, Xiang J, Zuo Z, Tian X, Song R, Yuan X, Wu Y, Ou D. Histopathology and transcriptome analysis reveals the gills injury and immunotoxicity in gibel carp following acute deltamethrin exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 234:113421. [PMID: 35304335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
More and more evidences proved that deltamethrin (Del) exposure induced adverse effects and damaged immune function to the aquatic animals in the parasite killing process with increasing insecticide application. However, little is currently known of the negative effect on mucosal immunity, especially in gills tissue. Therefore, this study was aimed to reveal the tissue injury and immunotoxicity in the gill of gibel carp following acute deltamethrin exposure. The LC50 of deltamethrin on gibel carp at 96 h was determined to be 6.194 μg/L, and then juvenile gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) (8.8 ± 1.0 g) were exposed to four Del exposure groups (0.61, 1.22, 2.44, and 4.88 μg/L) for 12 h and 24 h. We measured the lysozyme (LYZ) contents and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities and found that with increased concentration of Del exposure, the LYZ contents were found to increase in the 1.22 μg/L Del group initially significantly and then gradually significantly decrease in the 4.88 μg/L Del group. And the activities of MPO were significantly lifted in a dose-dependent manner. The histological analysis showed that Del exposure caused serious desquamation and necrosis in the surface of epithelial cells, accompanied by interlamellar cellular mass degenerative. In addition, the mucous cells were significantly decreased in the high Del concentration group (2.44 μg/L and 4.88 μg/L Del group) by AB-PAS staining. Additionally, totally 2857 DEGs (including 1624 up-regulated and 1233 down-regulated genes) were identified between the control group and 4.88 μg/L Del exposure group using transcriptional analysis. Among these, some genes involved in innate immune molecules, complement activation, apoptosis-related molecules, cytokine, and adaptive immune molecules, were also down-regulated. Importantly, we found immune system process and tumor necrosis factor receptor (superfamily) binding pathways were downregulated based on the GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Meanwhile, we detected the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-8), anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β), LYZ, IgM, and Hsp70 in the gills tissue at 12 h and 24 h after Del exposure, which were consistent with our sequencing results. Collectively, these results demonstrated that the gills injury and immunotoxicity were induced by Del exposure and provided novel insight for explaining to some extent why Del-exposure fish are more susceptible to concurrent or secondary viral or bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China.
| | - Jinwei Gao
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China.
| | - Min Xie
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China.
| | - Jin Xiang
- Aquatic Products Seed Stock Station in Hunan Province, Changsha 410153, China.
| | - Zhiliang Zuo
- Aquatic Products Seed Stock Station in Hunan Province, Changsha 410153, China.
| | - Xing Tian
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China.
| | - Rui Song
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China.
| | - Xiping Yuan
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China.
| | - Yuanan Wu
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China.
| | - Dongsheng Ou
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China.
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GÜL N, YİĞİT N, SAYGILI YİĞİT F, YAZICI ÖZÇELİK E, ESKİZENGİN H. The Effects of Diflubenzuron on Acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) Activity and Liver Ultrastructure in Wistar Rats. GAZI UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.35378/gujs.868668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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7
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Georgieva E, Yancheva V, Stoyanova S, Velcheva I, Iliev I, Vasileva T, Bivolarski V, Petkova E, László B, Nyeste K, Antal L. Which Is More Toxic? Evaluation of the Short-Term Toxic Effects of Chlorpyrifos and Cypermethrin on Selected Biomarkers in Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus 1758). TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9060125. [PMID: 34072750 PMCID: PMC8229483 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9060125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The general aim of this study was to investigate the negative short-term effects of different concentrations of chlorpyrifos (CPF) and cypermethrin (CYP), based on the EU legislation (MAC-EQS) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) under laboratory conditions and to compare their toxicity. The fish were exposed to the pesticides for 96 h and then different histological and biochemical biomarkers were investigated in the gills and liver, and bioaccumulation analyses were conducted. The chemical studies showed increased pesticide concentrations in the gills as the first site for pollutants compared to the liver at the 96th hour. In addition, the histological analyses showed severe alterations in the gills and liver after exposure to both tested pesticides. In the gills, we found mainly intense proliferative and, to a lesser extent, degenerative changes and alterations in the circulatory system, such as necrosis and vasodilation. In the liver, regressive and progressive lesions, as well as circulatory disturbances and inflammation, were observed. The regressive lesions showed a higher degree of expression compared to the other changes. Furthermore, we found altered enzymatic activities—catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase—in the liver, compared to the control. Overall, both tested pesticides impacted the studied biomarkers in common carp, even at concentrations lower than those permitted by law. However, the results of the comparative analysis showed a relatively higher toxicity of CYP compared to CPF in the fish. Still, questions persist as to whether the observed changes are adaptive or entirely destructive. To avoid any danger or risk, these pesticides must be applied cautiously, especially near water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elenka Georgieva
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Plovdiv University, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (E.G.); (S.S.); (E.P.)
| | - Vesela Yancheva
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Conservation, Faculty of Biology, Plovdiv University, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.Y.); (I.V.)
| | - Stela Stoyanova
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Plovdiv University, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (E.G.); (S.S.); (E.P.)
| | - Iliana Velcheva
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Conservation, Faculty of Biology, Plovdiv University, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.Y.); (I.V.)
| | - Ilia Iliev
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Plovdiv University, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (T.V.); (V.B.)
| | - Tonka Vasileva
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Plovdiv University, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (T.V.); (V.B.)
| | - Veselin Bivolarski
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Plovdiv University, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (I.I.); (T.V.); (V.B.)
| | - Eleonora Petkova
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Plovdiv University, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (E.G.); (S.S.); (E.P.)
| | - Brigitta László
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Krisztián Nyeste
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Correspondence:
| | - László Antal
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
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Zhang C, Wang J, Qi Q, Yang L, Sun P, Yuan X. Modulatory effect of fructooligosaccharide against triphenyltin-induced oxidative stress and immune suppression in goldfish (Carassius auratus). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 212:111966. [PMID: 33513483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Triphenyltin (TPT) is a widely used pesticide that is highly toxic to a variety of organisms, including humans, and is a potential contributor to environmental pollution. The present study was conducted to evaluate the oxidative stress and immunotoxicity induced by TPT in goldfish (Carassius auratus) and the protective effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS). Goldfish (mean weight of 13.3 ± 0.2 g) were randomly divided into six groups with three replicates: (G1) the control group, (G2) the 10 ng/L TPT group, (G3) the 0.4% FOS group, (G4) the 10 ng/L TPT + 0.4% FOS group, (G5) the 0.8% FOS group, and (G6) the 10 ng/L TPT + 0.8% FOS group. The results showed that 10 ng/L TPT induced oxidative stress and significantly decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), in the liver and the gene expression of SOD, GPx, metallothionein (MT), and peroxiredoxin-4 (Prdx-4). The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the gene expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the liver were significantly increased in the TPT-treated group. Exposure to 10 ng/L TPT in water induced immune suppression and significantly decreased the activities of immune enzymes, such as lysozyme, myeloperoxidase (MPO), alternative complement (ACH50), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP), in the serum. TPT could stimulate the fish to generate large amounts of proinflammatory cytokines, including increased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and nitric oxide (NO) levels and TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and NF-κB mRNA expression. However, TPT-induced toxicity was significantly ameliorated in the groups treated with FOS, and FOS partly prevented alterations in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the expression of antioxidant- and ROS scavenger-related genes. In addition, TPT-induced immune toxicity was significantly ameliorated in the groups treated with FOS. FOS markedly suppressed TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and NO production and TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β mRNA expression in the TPT-treated groups. The study indicated that TPT-induced oxidative stress may play a critical role in inhibiting immunity. However, FOS administration attenuates TPT-induced oxidative stress and immune suppression in goldfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunnuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Scientific and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junhui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Scientific and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Scientific and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Scientific and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Scientific and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Scientific and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
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Naiel MA, Ismael NE, Abd El-hameed SA, Amer MS. The antioxidative and immunity roles of chitosan nanoparticle and vitamin C-supplemented diets against imidacloprid toxicity on Oreochromis niloticus. AQUACULTURE 2020; 523:735219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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10
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Bojarski B, Witeska M. Blood biomarkers of herbicide, insecticide, and fungicide toxicity to fish-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:19236-19250. [PMID: 32248419 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used in the world agriculture, and they may adversely affect non-target organisms, including fish. The present 2000-2019 literature review summarizes hematological and blood biochemical effects of various herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides in fish. The observed changes usually indicate anemia and inflammation, as well as hyperglycemia, hypoproteinemia, increase in cortisol concentration and activities of hepatic aminotransferases that are typical for intoxication and stress. Other changes that are also sometimes observed such as increase in red blood parameters indicate compensatory response. The often-noted symptoms of immunosuppression show an adverse effect of pesticides on immune system and possible immunosuppression. Pathophysiological changes in fish induced by pesticides depend on many factors, such as active compound and its concentration, exposure duration, fish species, environmental conditions, etc. Hematological and blood biochemical parameters appear to be useful biomarkers for evaluation of physiological state of fish exposed to pesticides; however, they are not specific markers of intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Bojarski
- Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Witeska
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Prusa 14, 08-110, Siedlce, Poland
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Chang X, Wang X, Feng J, Su X, Liang J, Li H, Zhang J. Impact of chronic exposure to trichlorfon on intestinal barrier, oxidative stress, inflammatory response and intestinal microbiome in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 259:113846. [PMID: 31887601 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Trichlorfon is an organic phosphorus pesticide used to control different parasitic infections in aquaculture. The repeated, excessive use of trichlorfon can result in environmental pollution, thus affecting human health. This study aimed to determine the effects of different concentrations of trichlorfon (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L) on the intestinal barrier, oxidative stress, inflammatory response and intestinal microbiome of common carp. Trichlorfon exposure significantly reduced the height of intestinal villus and decreased the expression levels of tight junction genes, such as claudin-2, occludin and ZO-1, in common carp. Moreover, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as CAT, SOD and GSH-Px, exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing trichlorfon concentrations, while the contents of MDA and ROS elevated in the intestinal tissues of common carp. The mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly upregulated by trichlorfon exposure. The level of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β was remarkably higher in 1.0 mg/L trichlorfon treatment group compared to control group. In addition, the results demonstrated that trichlorfon exposure could affect the microbiota community composition and decreased the community diversity in the gut of common carp. Notably, the proportions of some probiotic bacteria, namely, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia, were observed to be reduced after trichlorfon exposure. In summary, the findings of this study indicate that exposure to different concentrations of trichlorfon can damage intestinal barrier, induce intestinal oxidative damage, trigger inflammatory reaction and alter gut microbiota structure in common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulu Chang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Junchang Feng
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Xi Su
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Junping Liang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
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Julinta RB, Abraham TJ, Roy A, Singha J, Bardhan A, Sar TK, Patil PK, Kumar KA. Safety of emamectin benzoate administered in feed to Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 75:103348. [PMID: 32032933 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Emamectin benzoate (EB) premix top-coated onto feed is extensively used to treat ectoparasitic crustacean infestations in aquaculture. This study evaluated the safety of EB-dosing in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus at the recommended dose and dosage of 50 μg/kg biomass/day for 7 consecutive days (1X) and compared with control and 10 times the recommended dose (10X). Depletion of EB-residues in the edible muscle of 1X-dosed Nile tilapia was also studied. Mortality, behavioural changes, feed consumption, biomass, EB-residue depletion, and histopathological alterations in the kidney, liver and intestine were determined at slated intervals. Significant dose-dependent reduction in feed intake and biomass and insignificant mortalities were noted in 1X and 10X EB-dosed fish. In 1X EB-dosed fish muscle, the residues peaked on day 7 EB-dosing (9.72 ng/g) and decreased subsequently. Nevertheless, the residue levels were within the acceptable limit of the European Commission and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency even during the EB-dosing period. Histologically, tubule degeneration in the kidney, mild glycogen vacuolation in the liver, and loss of absorptive vacuoles, inflammation and disintegration of the epithelial layer in the intestine of Nile tilapia fed the 1X EB-diet were observed. The fish reverted back to their normal functions with time upon termination of oral-EB-dosing. This work contributed scientific data on the safety of EB particularly on the feed intake, growth reduction, mortality, histopathological alterations, and EB-residue levels in the edible tissues of Nile tilapia fed at the recommended dose and dosage, which suggested that EB-therapy might be reasonably risky in a tropical climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Beryl Julinta
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata, 700 094, West Bengal, India
| | - Thangapalam Jawahar Abraham
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata, 700 094, West Bengal, India.
| | - Anwesha Roy
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata, 700 094, West Bengal, India
| | - Jasmine Singha
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata, 700 094, West Bengal, India
| | - Avishek Bardhan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata, 700 094, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Sar
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata, 700 037, West Bengal, India
| | - Prasanna Kumar Patil
- Aquatic Animal Health and Environment Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Raja Annamalai Puram, Chennai, 600 028, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Ashok Kumar
- Fish Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Willington Island, Cochin, 682 029, Kerala, India
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13
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Hussain R, Ali F, Javed MT, Jabeen G, Ghaffar A, Khan I, Liaqat S, Hussain T, Abbas RZ, Riaz A, Gul ST, Ghori MT. Clinico-hematological, serum biochemical, genotoxic and histopathological effects of trichlorfon in adult cockerels. TOXIN REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2019.1673422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riaz Hussain
- University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Farah Ali
- University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Javed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghazalla Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Ghaffar
- Department of Life Sciences (Zoology), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Iahtasham Khan
- Section of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore Sub-Campus, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Saima Liaqat
- University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Hussain
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Science Jhang, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rao Zahid Abbas
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asif Riaz
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Shafia Tehseen Gul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Taslim Ghori
- University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Baldissera MD, Souza CF, Descovi SN, Zanella R, Prestes OD, da Silva AS, Baldisserotto B. Organophosphate pesticide trichlorfon induced neurotoxic effects in freshwater silver catfish Rhamdia quelen via disruption of blood-brain barrier: Implications on oxidative status, cell viability and brain neurotransmitters. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 218:8-13. [PMID: 30550875 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether rupture on blood-brain barrier (BBB) can be a pathway for trichlorfon-induced neurotoxic effects, and to investigate its implications on oxidative status, cell viability and brain neurotransmitters in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). The BBB permeability was increased in fish exposed for 24 h to 22 mg/L of trichlorfon compared to the control group, as well as in those exposed to 11 and 22 mg/L of trichlorfon for 48 h. Compared to the control group, brain reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxide levels were higher when exposed to 22 mg/L of trichlorfon and 11 and 22 mg/L of trichlorfon after 24 h and 48 h, respectively, while the antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radical levels was lower. Exposure to 22 mg/L of trichlorfon for 24 h reduced brain cell viability compared to the control group, together with 11 and 22 mg/L of trichlorfon for 48 h. Also, brain AChE, Na+ and K+-ATPase activities were reduced in those fish exposed to trichlorfon compared to the control group. Thus, the rupture of BBB can be considered an important pathway involved in trichlorfon-induced neurotoxic effects, which contributes to brain oxidative damage and important changes on brain neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus D Baldissera
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carine F Souza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sharine N Descovi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Renato Zanella
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Osmar D Prestes
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Baldisserotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Baldissera MD, Souza CF, Descovi SN, Zanella R, Prestes OD, de Matos AF, da Silva AS, Baldisserotto B, Gris A, Mendes RE. Disturbance of energetic homeostasis and oxidative damage provoked by trichlorfon as relevant toxicological mechanisms using silver catfish as experimental model. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 299:94-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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