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Liu F, He H, Yang W, Wang D, Sui X, Sun Y, Wang S, Yang Y, Xiao Z, Yang J, Wang Y, Luo Y. Novel energy optimizer, meldonium, rapidly restores acute hypobaric hypoxia-induced brain injury by targeting phosphoglycerate kinase 1. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:383. [PMID: 39075489 PMCID: PMC11285322 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01757-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute hypobaric hypoxia-induced brain injury has been a challenge in the health management of mountaineers; therefore, new neuroprotective agents are urgently required. Meldonium, a well-known cardioprotective drug, has been reported to have neuroprotective effects. However, the relevant mechanisms have not been elucidated. We hypothesized that meldonium may play a potentially novel role in hypobaric hypoxia cerebral injury. METHODS We initially evaluated the neuroprotection efficacy of meldonium against acute hypoxia in mice and primary hippocampal neurons. The potential molecular targets of meldonium were screened using drug-target binding Huprot™ microarray chip and mass spectrometry analyses after which they were validated with surface plasmon resonance (SPR), molecular docking, and pull-down assay. The functional effects of such binding were explored through gene knockdown and overexpression. RESULTS The study clearly shows that pretreatment with meldonium rapidly attenuates neuronal pathological damage, cerebral blood flow changes, and mitochondrial damage and its cascade response to oxidative stress injury, thereby improving survival rates in mice brain and primary hippocampal neurons, revealing the remarkable pharmacological efficacy of meldonium in acute high-altitude brain injury. On the one hand, we confirmed that meldonium directly interacts with phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) to promote its activity, which improved glycolysis and pyruvate metabolism to promote ATP production. On the other hand, meldonium also ameliorates mitochondrial damage by PGK1 translocating to mitochondria under acute hypoxia to regulate the activity of TNF receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1) molecular chaperones. CONCLUSION These results further explain the mechanism of meldonium as an energy optimizer and provide a strategy for preventing acute hypobaric hypoxia brain injury at high altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Huanhuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Weijie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Daohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xin Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhenyu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yongan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Yuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Guo F, Wang C, Tao G, Ma H, Zhang J, Wang Y. A longitudinal study on the impact of high-altitude hypoxia on perceptual processes. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14548. [PMID: 38385977 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the neural mechanisms underlying high-altitude (HA) adaptation and deadaptation in perceptual processes in lowlanders. Eighteen healthy lowlanders were administered a facial S1-S2 matching task that included incomplete face (S1) and complete face (S2) photographs combined with ERP technology. Participants were tested at four time points: shortly before they departed the HA (Test 1), twenty-five days after entering the HA (Test 2), and one week (Test 3) and one month (Test 4) after returning to the lowlands. Compared with those at sea level (SL), shorter reaction times (RTs), shorter latencies of P1 and N170, and larger amplitudes of complete face N170 were found in HAs. After returning to SL, compared with that of HA, the amplitude of the incomplete face P1 was smaller after one week, and the complete face was smaller after one month. The right hemisphere N170 amplitude was greater after entering HA and one week after returning to SL than at baseline, but it returned to baseline after one month. Taken together, the current findings suggest that HA adaptation increases visual cortex excitation to accelerate perceptual processing. More mental resources are recruited during the configural encoding stage of complete faces after HA exposure. The perceptual processes affected by HA exposure are reversible after returning to SL, but the low-level processing stage differs between incomplete and complete faces due to neural compensation mechanisms. The configural encoding stage in the right hemisphere is affected by HA exposure and requires more than one week but less than one month to recover to baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumei Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changming Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Getong Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hailin Ma
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University/South China Normal University, Guangzhou/Tibet, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- Institute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Kiuchi M, Uno T, Hasegawa T, Koyama K, Horiuchi M. Influence of short-term hypoxic exposure on spatial learning and memory function and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rats-A practical implication to human's lost way. Front Behav Neurosci 2024; 18:1330596. [PMID: 38380151 PMCID: PMC10876868 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1330596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a short period of normobaric hypoxic exposure on spatial learning and memory, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the rat hippocampus. Hypoxic conditions were set at 12.5% O2. We compared all variables between normoxic trials (Norm), after 24 h (Hypo-24 h), and after 72 h of hypoxic exposure (Hypo-72 h). Spatial learning and memory were evaluated by using a water-finding task in an open field. Time to find water drinking fountains was significantly extended in Hypo 24 h (36.2 ± 21.9 s) compared to those in Norm (17.9 ± 12.8 s; P < 0.05), whereas no statistical differences between Norm and Hypo-72 h (22.7 ± 12.3 s). Moreover, hippocampal BDNF level in Hypo-24 h was significantly lower compared to Norm (189.4 ± 28.4 vs. 224.9 ± 47.7 ng/g wet tissue, P < 0.05), whereas no statistically differences in those between Norm and Hypo-72 h (228.1 ± 39.8 ng/g wet tissue). No significant differences in the changes in corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels were observed across the three conditions. When data from Hypo-24 h and Hypo-72 h of hypoxia were pooled, there was a marginal negative relationship between the time to find drinking fountains and BDNF (P < 0.1), and was a significant negative relationship between the locomotor activities and BDNF (P < 0.05). These results suggest that acute hypoxic exposure (24 h) may impair spatial learning and memory; however, it recovered after 72 h of hypoxic exposure. These changes in spatial learning and memory may be associated with changes in the hippocampal BDNF levels in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Kiuchi
- Graduate School Department of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tadashi Uno
- Division of Human Environmental Science, Mount Fuji Research Institute, Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hasegawa
- Division of Human Environmental Science, Mount Fuji Research Institute, Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Koyama
- Faculty of Sport Science, Yamanashi Gakuin University, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Horiuchi
- Division of Human Environmental Science, Mount Fuji Research Institute, Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi, Japan
- Faculty of Sports and Life Science, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Kagoshima, Japan
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Zhang G, Yang G, Zhou Y, Cao Z, Yin M, Ma L, Fan M, Zhao YQ, Zhu L. Intermittent hypoxia training effectively protects against cognitive decline caused by acute hypoxia exposure. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:197-210. [PMID: 37994929 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02885-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia training (IHT) is a promising approach that has been used to induce acclimatization to hypoxia and subsequently lower the risk of developing acute mountain sickness (AMS). However, the effects of IHT on cognitive and cerebrovascular function after acute hypoxia exposure have not been characterized. In the present study, we first confirmed that the simplified IHT paradigm was effective at relieving AMS at 4300 m. Second, we found that IHT improved participants' cognitive and neural alterations when they were exposed to hypoxia. Specifically, impaired working memory performance, decreased conflict control function, impaired cognitive control, and aggravated mental fatigue induced by acute hypoxia exposure were significantly alleviated in the IHT group. Furthermore, a reversal of brain swelling induced by acute hypoxia exposure was visualized in the IHT group using magnetic resonance imaging. An increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF) was observed in multiple brain regions of the IHT group after hypoxia exposure as compared with the control group. Based on these findings, the simplified IHT paradigm might facilitate hypoxia acclimatization, alleviate AMS symptoms, and increase CBF in multiple brain regions, thus ameliorating brain swelling and cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbo Zhang
- Department of Cognition Sciences and Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guochun Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanzhao Zhou
- Department of Cognition Sciences and Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | | | - Ming Yin
- The First Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ma
- The First Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Fan
- Department of Cognition Sciences and Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yong-Qi Zhao
- Department of Cognition Sciences and Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Department of Cognition Sciences and Stress Medicine, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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5
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Fan H, Meng Y, Zhu L, Fan M, Wang D, Zhao Y. A review of methods for assessment of cognitive function in high-altitude hypoxic environments. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3418. [PMID: 38409925 PMCID: PMC10897364 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic environments like those present at high altitudes may negatively affect brain function. Varying levels of hypoxia, whether acute or chronic, are previously shown to impair cognitive function in humans. Assessment and prevention of such cognitive impairment require detection of cognitive changes and impairment using specific cognitive function assessment tools. This paper summarizes the findings of previous research, outlines the methods for cognitive function assessment used at a high altitude, elaborates the need to develop standardized and systematic cognitive function assessment tools for high-altitude hypoxia environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Fan
- Department of PsychologyZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhouChina
- Department of Cognitive and StressBeijing Institute of Basic Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ying Meng
- Department of PsychologyZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhouChina
- Department of Cognitive and StressBeijing Institute of Basic Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Department of Cognitive and StressBeijing Institute of Basic Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ming Fan
- Department of Cognitive and StressBeijing Institute of Basic Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- School of Information Sciences & EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Du‐Ming Wang
- Department of PsychologyZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yong‐Qi Zhao
- Department of PsychologyZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhouChina
- Department of Cognitive and StressBeijing Institute of Basic Medical SciencesBeijingChina
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Aboouf MA, Thiersch M, Soliz J, Gassmann M, Schneider Gasser EM. The Brain at High Altitude: From Molecular Signaling to Cognitive Performance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10179. [PMID: 37373327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain requires over one-fifth of the total body oxygen demand for normal functioning. At high altitude (HA), the lower atmospheric oxygen pressure inevitably challenges the brain, affecting voluntary spatial attention, cognitive processing, and attention speed after short-term, long-term, or lifespan exposure. Molecular responses to HA are controlled mainly by hypoxia-inducible factors. This review aims to summarize the cellular, metabolic, and functional alterations in the brain at HA with a focus on the role of hypoxia-inducible factors in controlling the hypoxic ventilatory response, neuronal survival, metabolism, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A Aboouf
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Thiersch
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jorge Soliz
- Institute Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edith M Schneider Gasser
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Reiser AE, Furian M, Lichtblau M, Buergin A, Schneider SR, Appenzeller P, Mayer L, Muralt L, Mademilov M, Abdyraeva A, Aidaralieva S, Muratbekova A, Akylbekov A, Sheraliev U, Shabykeeva S, Sooronbaev TM, Ulrich S, Bloch KE. Effect of acetazolamide on visuomotor performance at high altitude in healthy people 40 years of age or older-RCT. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280585. [PMID: 36662903 PMCID: PMC9858039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Altitude travel is increasingly popular also for middle-aged and older tourists and professionals. Due to the sensitivity of the central nervous system to hypoxia, altitude exposure may impair visuomotor performance although this has not been extensively studied. Therefore, we investigated whether a sojourn at moderately high altitude is associated with visuomotor performance impairments in healthy adults, 40y of age or older, and whether this adverse altitude-effect can be prevented by acetazolamide, a drug used to prevent acute mountain sickness. METHODS In this randomized placebo-controlled parallel-design trial, 59 healthy lowlanders, aged 40-75y, were assigned to acetazolamide (375 mg/day, n = 34) or placebo (n = 25), administered one day before ascent and while staying at high altitude (3100m). Visuomotor performance was assessed at 760m and 3100m after arrival and in the next morning (post-sleep) by a computer-assisted test (Motor-Task-Manager). It quantified deviation of a participant-controlled cursor affected by rotation during target tracking. Primary outcome was the directional error during post-sleep recall of adaptation to rotation estimated by multilevel linear regression modeling. Additionally, adaptation, immediate recall, and correct test execution were evaluated. RESULTS Compared to 760m, assessments at 3100m with placebo revealed a mean (95%CI) increase in directional error during adaptation and immediate recall by 1.9° (0.2 to 3.5, p = 0.024) and 1.1° (0.4 to 1.8, p = 0.002), respectively. Post-sleep recall remained unchanged (p = NS), however post-sleep correct test execution was 14% less likely (9 to 19, p<0.001). Acetazolamide improved directional error during post-sleep recall by 5.6° (2.6 to 8.6, p<0.001) and post-sleep probability of correct test execution by 36% (30 to 42, p<0.001) compared to placebo. CONCLUSION In healthy individuals, 40y of age or older, altitude exposure impaired adaptation to and immediate recall and correct execution of a visuomotor task. Preventive acetazolamide treatment improved visuomotor performance after one night at altitude and increased the probability of correct test execution compared to placebo. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03536520.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia E. Reiser
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Zurich, Switzerland/ Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Michael Furian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Zurich, Switzerland/ Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Mona Lichtblau
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Zurich, Switzerland/ Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Aline Buergin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Zurich, Switzerland/ Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Simon R. Schneider
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Zurich, Switzerland/ Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Paula Appenzeller
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Zurich, Switzerland/ Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Laura Mayer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Zurich, Switzerland/ Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Lara Muralt
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Zurich, Switzerland/ Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Maamed Mademilov
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Zurich, Switzerland/ Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Ainura Abdyraeva
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Zurich, Switzerland/ Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Shoira Aidaralieva
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Zurich, Switzerland/ Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Aibermet Muratbekova
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Zurich, Switzerland/ Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Azamat Akylbekov
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Zurich, Switzerland/ Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Ulan Sheraliev
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Zurich, Switzerland/ Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Saltanat Shabykeeva
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Zurich, Switzerland/ Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Talant M. Sooronbaev
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Zurich, Switzerland/ Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Silvia Ulrich
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Zurich, Switzerland/ Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - Konrad E. Bloch
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Zurich, Switzerland/ Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
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Zhang J, Tang S, Chen C, Jiang H, Liao H, Liu H, Wang L, Chen X. A bibliometric analysis of the studies in high-altitude induced sleep disturbances and cognitive impairment research. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1133059. [PMID: 36860517 PMCID: PMC9968939 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1133059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The two main symptoms at high altitude, sleep abnormalities and cognitive impairments, interact with each other. These two dysfunctions are also closely related to systemic multisystem diseases, including cerebrovascular diseases, psychiatric disorders, and immune regulatory diseases. Purpose: To systematically analyze and visualize research on sleep disturbances and cognitive impairment at high altitudes using a bibliometrics method, and to determine future research directions by analyzing research trends and the latest hotspots. Methods: Publications from 1990 to 2022 on sleep disturbances and cognitive impairment at high altitudes were retrieved from the Web of Science. Using the R Bibliometrix software and Microsoft Excel, all data were examined statistically and qualitatively. For network visualization, the data were later exported into VOSviewer 1.6.17 and CiteSpace 6.1.R6. Results: A total of 487 articles in this area were published from 1990 to 2022. In this period, there was an overall increase in the number of publications. The United States has shown considerable importance in this sector. Bloch Konrad E was the most prolific and valuable author. The most prolific journal was High Altitude Medicine & Biology, and it has been the first choice for publishing in this field in recent years. Analysis of keyword co-occurrences suggested that research interest in the clinical manifestations of sleep disturbances and cognitive impairment caused by altitude hypoxia was mainly focused on "acute mountain-sickness," "insomnia," "apnea syndrome," "depression," "anxiety," "Cheyne-strokes respiration," and "pulmonary hypertension." The mechanisms of disease development related to "oxidative stress," "inflammation," "hippocampus," "prefrontal cortex," "neurodegeneration," and "spatial memory" in the brain have been the focus of recent research. According to burst detection analysis, "mood" and "memory impairment," as terms with high strength, are expected to remain hot topics in the coming years. High-altitude-induced pulmonary hypertension is also in the emerging stage of research, and the treatments will continue to receive attention in the future. Conclusion: More attention is being focused on sleep disturbances and cognitive impairment at high altitudes. This work will serve as a useful reference for the clinical development of treatments for sleep disturbances and cognitive impairment induced by hypobaric hypoxia at high altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Songyuan Tang
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Osteology, The 5th People’s Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hezhong Jiang
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hai Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huawei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Sichuan Baicheng Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Xin Chen,
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Cognition and Neuropsychological Changes at Altitude-A Systematic Review of Literature. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121736. [PMID: 36552195 PMCID: PMC9775937 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High-altitude (HA) exposure affects cognitive functions, but studies have found inconsistent results. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of HA exposure on cognitive functions in healthy subjects. A structural overview of the applied neuropsychological tests was provided with a classification of superordinate cognitive domains. A literature search was performed using PubMed up to October 2021 according to PRISMA guidelines. Eligibility criteria included a healthy human cohort exposed to altitude in the field (at minimum 2440 m [8000 ft]) or in a hypoxic environment in a laboratory, and an assessment of cognitive domains. The literature search identified 52 studies (29 of these were field studies; altitude range: 2440 m-8848 m [8000-29,029 ft]). Researchers applied 112 different neuropsychological tests. Attentional capacity, concentration, and executive functions were the most frequently studied. In the laboratory, the ratio of altitude-induced impairments (64.7%) was twice as high compared to results showing no change or improved results (35.3%), but altitudes studied were similar in the chamber compared to field studies. In the field, the opposite results were found (66.4 % no change or improvements, 33.6% impairments). Since better acclimatization can be assumed in the field studies, the findings support the hypothesis that sufficient acclimatization has beneficial effects on cognitive functions at HA. However, it also becomes apparent that research in this area would benefit most if a consensus could be reached on a standardized framework of freely available neurocognitive tests.
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Wang L, Sang L, Cui Y, Li P, Qiao L, Wang Q, Zhao W, Hu Q, Zhang N, Zhang Y, Qiu M, Chen J. Effects of acute high-altitude exposure on working memory: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2776. [PMID: 36321845 PMCID: PMC9759148 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inadequate oxygen availability may lead to impairment of neurocognitive functions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of acute high-altitude exposure on the cerebral hemodynamic response and working memory. METHODS The same subjects performed working memory exercises with forward and backward digit span tasks both under normal oxygen conditions and in large simulated hypobaric hypoxia chambers, and a series of physiological parameters were evaluated. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure cerebral blood flow changes in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during the tasks. RESULTS Compared with normoxic conditions, under hypoxic conditions, the heart rate and blood pressure increased, blood oxygen saturation decreased significantly, and the forward task had similar accuracy and response time, while the backward task had lower accuracy and longer response time. Neuroimaging analysis showed increased activation in the DLPFC during the forward task and deactivation during the backward task under hypobaric hypoxia conditions. CONCLUSION Acute high-altitude exposure leads to physiological adaptations. The abnormal hemodynamic responses of the DLPFC to hypoxia at low pressure reveal the disruption of neurocognitive function by acute high-altitude exposure, which compromises complex cognitive functions, and provides a promising application for functional near infrared spectroscopy in the exploration of neural mechanisms in the brain during high-altitude exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Medical Imaging, College of Biomedical Engineering, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linqiong Sang
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Biomedical Engineering, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of High Altitude Physiology and Pathology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengyue Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Biomedical Engineering, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Biomedical Engineering, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiannan Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Biomedical Engineering, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Najing Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Biomedical Engineering, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Biomedical Engineering, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingguo Qiu
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Biomedical Engineering, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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11
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Wang CB, Zhao M, Wang J, Shi JT, Wang WF, Zhang Y, Meng XH, Sang CY, Zhu LL, Yang JL. Gypenosides (GPs) alleviates hypoxia-induced injury in PC12 cells and enhances tolerance to anoxia in C57BL/6 mice. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14448. [PMID: 36226816 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen is a necessary substance for life activities, but reduced oxygen utilization due to high altitude exposure and respiratory dysfunction diseases could lead to pathological changes in the organisms. Herein gypenosides, the active ingredients in the food and medicine resource plant Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino were found to alleviate hypoxia-induced injury in PC12 cells. Moreover, hypoxia induced an increase in Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species content, and such patterns were both significantly reduced by gypenosides treatment. At the same time, gypenosides significantly blocked the decrease of both NO content and mitochondrial membrane potential caused by hypoxia. Furthermore, gypenosides gavage treatment significantly prolonged the survival time of C57BL/6 mice in confinement up to 24.3% and enhanced the locomotor ability of mice. Therefore, gypenosides have good neuroprotective effects and hypoxia tolerance activity and have the prospect of being developed as a preventive and therapeutic drug for hypoxia-related diseases. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Gypenosides can enhance tolerance of cells and mice to hypoxia and have the potential to be developed into hypoxia-resistant health food and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Bo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical Engineering, Yantai, China
| | - Jiao-Tai Shi
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei-Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Hua Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China.,Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical Engineering, Yantai, China
| | - Chun-Yan Sang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Li Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China
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12
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Chang KS, Chiu YH, Kao WF, Yang CCH, How CK, Lin YK, Hwang YS, Chien DK, Huang MK, Kuo TBJ. The changes of electroencephalography in mountaineers on Mount Jade, Taiwan: An observational study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275870. [PMID: 36417369 PMCID: PMC9683632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of acute mountain sickness, which lacks a reliable and objective diagnostic tool, still depends on the clinical symptoms and signs and remains a major threat and unpredictable disease affecting millions of mountaineers. OBJECTIVES To record electroencephalography signals with small, convenient, wireless equipment and to test whether electroencephalography parameters, which are more sensitive and reliable markers, could predict the symptoms of acute mountain sickness. METHODS Twenty-five participants were enrolled and separated into two groups to climb Mount Jade in Taiwan. We collected electrocardiography signals and arterial oxygen saturation data at ground, moderate (2,400 m), and high altitude (3,400 m). A spectral analysis of the electrocardiography was performed to assess the study subjects' electroencephalography activity at different frequencies (α, β, θ, δ) and the mean power frequency of electrocardiography. The clinical symptoms and Lake Louise Acute Mountain Sickness scores of the subjects were recorded for comparison. RESULTS A significant change in the δ power of electroencephalography was recorded in subjects ascending from the ground to a high altitude of 3,400 m in a 4-day itinerary. In addition, between the two groups of subjects with and without acute mountain sickness (Lake Louise Acute Mountain Sickness scores < 3 and ≥ 3), the δ power of electroencephalography at the fronto-parietal 1 and parietal 3 electrodes at moderate altitude as well as the changes of δ power and mean power frequency of electrocardiography over parietal 4 at high altitude showed a significant difference. At moderate altitude, the increasing δ power of electroencephalography at the parietal 4 electrode was related to the headache symptom of acute mountain sickness before ascending to high altitude. CONCLUSION At moderate altitude, the δ power increase of electroencephalography at the P4 electrode could be a predictor of acute mountain sickness symptoms before ascending to high altitude. Thus, electroencephalography had the potential to identify the risk of acute mountain sickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Song Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hui Chiu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fong Kao
- Department of Emergency, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheryl C. H. Yang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Sleep Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chorng-Kuang How
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Kuang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Shyan Hwang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Kuo Chien
- Department of Emergency Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kun Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (MKH); (TBJK)
| | - Terry B. J. Kuo
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Sleep Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Clinical Research Center, Taoyuan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (MKH); (TBJK)
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13
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Furian M, Bitos K, Hartmann SE, Muralt L, Lichtblau M, Bader PR, Rawling JM, Ulrich S, Poulin MJ, Bloch KE. Acute high altitude exposure, acclimatization and re-exposure on nocturnal breathing. Front Physiol 2022; 13:965021. [PMID: 36134332 PMCID: PMC9483161 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.965021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Effects of prolonged and repeated high-altitude exposure on oxygenation and control of breathing remain uncertain. We hypothesized that prolonged and repeated high-altitude exposure will improve altitude-induced deoxygenation and breathing instability. Methods: 21 healthy lowlanders, aged 18-30y, underwent two 7-day sojourns at a high-altitude station in Chile (4–8 hrs/day at 5,050 m, nights at 2,900 m), separated by a 1-week recovery period at 520 m. Respiratory sleep studies recording mean nocturnal pulse oximetry (SpO2), oxygen desaturation index (ODI, >3% dips in SpO2), breathing patterns and subjective sleep quality by visual analog scale (SQ-VAS, 0–100% with increasing quality), were evaluated at 520 m and during nights 1 and 6 at 2,900 m in the 1st and 2nd altitude sojourn. Results: At 520 m, mean ± SD nocturnal SpO2 was 94 ± 1%, ODI 2.2 ± 1.2/h, SQ-VAS 59 ± 20%. Corresponding values at 2,900 m, 1st sojourn, night 1 were: SpO2 86 ± 2%, ODI 23.4 ± 22.8/h, SQ-VAS 39 ± 23%; 1st sojourn, night 6: SpO2 90 ± 1%, ODI 7.3 ± 4.4/h, SQ-VAS 55 ± 20% (p < 0.05, all differences within corresponding variables). Mean differences (Δ, 95%CI) in acute effects (2,900 m, night 1, vs 520 m) between 2nd vs 1st altitude sojourn were: ΔSpO2 0% (-1 to 1), ΔODI -9.2/h (-18.0 to -0.5), ΔSQ-VAS 10% (-6 to 27); differences in acclimatization (changes night 6 vs 1), between 2nd vs 1st sojourn at 2,900 m were: ΔSpO2 -1% (-2 to 0), ΔODI 11.1/h (2.5 to 19.7), ΔSQ-VAS -15% (-31 to 1). Conclusion: Acute high-altitude exposure induced nocturnal hypoxemia, cyclic deoxygenations and impaired sleep quality. Acclimatization mitigated these effects. After recovery at 520 m, repeated exposure diminished high-altitude-induced deoxygenation and breathing instability, suggesting some retention of adaptation induced by the first altitude sojourn while subjective sleep quality remained similarly impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Furian
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Konstantinos Bitos
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara E. Hartmann
- University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Lara Muralt
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mona Lichtblau
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick R. Bader
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jean M. Rawling
- University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Silvia Ulrich
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc J. Poulin
- University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Konrad E. Bloch
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Konrad E. Bloch,
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14
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Chen X, Zhou A, Li J, Chen B, Zhou X, Ma H, Lu C, Weng X. Effects of Long-Term Exposure to 2260 m Altitude on Working Memory and Resting-State Activity in the Prefrontal Cortex: A Large-Sample Cross-Sectional Study. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091148. [PMID: 36138884 PMCID: PMC9496949 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well established that very-high-altitude (>4000 m) environments can affect human cognitive function and brain activity. However, the effects of long-term exposure to moderate altitudes (2000−3000 m) on cognitive function and brain activity are not well understood. In the present cross-sectional study, we utilized an N-back working memory task and resting-state functional near-infrared spectroscopy to examine the effects of two years of exposure to 2260 m altitude on working memory and resting-state brain activity in 208 college students, compared with a control group at the sea level. The results showed that there was no significant change in spatial working memory performance after two years of exposure to 2260 m altitude. In contrast, the analysis of resting-state brain activity revealed changes in functional connectivity patterns in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), with the global efficiency increased and the local efficiency decreased after two years of exposure to 2260 m altitude. These results suggest that long-term exposure to moderate altitudes has no observable effect on spatial working memory performance, while significant changes in functional connectivity and brain network properties could possibly occur to compensate for the effects of mild hypoxic environments. To our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the resting state activity in the PFC associated with working memory in people exposed to moderate altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Research Center of Plateau Brain Science, Tibet University/South China University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Aibao Zhou
- College of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Junle Li
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Hailin Ma
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University/South China Normal University, Lhasa 850012, China
| | - Chunming Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Xuchu Weng
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Research Center of Plateau Brain Science, Tibet University/South China University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (X.W.)
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15
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Dalong G, Yufei Q, Lei Y, Pengfei L, Anqi Y, Zichuan G, Cong W, Yubin Z. Modulation of thalamic network connectivity using transcranial direct current stimulation based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to improve hypoxia-induced cognitive impairments. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:955096. [PMID: 36090294 PMCID: PMC9462417 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.955096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic conditions at high altitudes severely affect cognitive functions such as vigilance, attention, and memory and reduce cognitive ability. Hence, there is a critical need to investigate methods and associated mechanisms for improving the cognitive ability of workers at high altitudes. This study aimed to use transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to modulate thalamic network functional connectivity to enhance cognitive ability. We recruited 20 healthy participants that underwent hypoxia exposure in a hypoxic chamber at atmospheric pressure to simulate a hypoxic environment at 4,000 m. Participants received both sham and real stimulation. tDCS significantly improved the participants’ emotional status, including depression, fatigue, and energy level. These effects were sustained for more than 6 h (P < 0.05 at the second to fifth measurements). In addition, tDCS enhanced vigilance, but this was only effective within 2 h (P < 0.05 at the second and third measurements). Central fatigue was significantly ameliorated, and cerebral blood oxygen saturation was increased within 4 h (P < 0.05 at the second, third, and fourth measurements). Furthermore, functional connectivity results using the thalamus as a seed revealed enhanced connectivity between the thalamus and hippocampus, cingulate gyrus, and amygdala after tDCS. These results indicated that tDCS increased local cerebral blood oxygen saturation and enhanced thalamic network connectivity in a hypoxic environment, thereby improving vigilance, depression, fatigue, and energy levels. These findings suggest that tDCS may partially rescue the cognitive decline caused by hypoxia within a short period. This approach affords a safe and effective cognitive enhancement method for all types of high-altitude workers with a large mental load.
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16
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Rytz CL, Pun M, Mawhinney JA, Mounsey CA, Mura M, Martin A, Pialoux V, Hartmann SE, Furian M, Rawling JM, Lopez I, Soza D, Moraga FA, Lichtblau M, Bader PR, Ulrich S, Bloch KE, Frise MC, Poulin MJ. Differential Effects of High-Altitude Exposure on Markers of Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Capacity and Iron Profiles. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 323:R445-R456. [PMID: 35938686 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00321.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
High altitude (HA) exposure may stimulate significant physiological and molecular changes, resulting in HA-related illnesses. HA may impact oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity and iron homeostasis, yet it is unclear how both repeated exposure and HA acclimatization may modulate such effects. Therefore, we assessed the effects of weeklong repeated daily HA exposure (2,900m to 5,050m) in altitude-naïve individuals (n=21, 13 females, mean ± SD, 25.3 ± 3.7 years) to mirror the working schedule of HA workers (n=19, all males, 40.1 ± 2.1 years) at the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) Observatory (San Pedro de Atacama, Chile). Markers of oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity and iron homeostasis were measured in blood plasma. Levels of protein oxidation (p<0.001) and catalase activity (p=0.023) increased and serum iron (p<0.001), serum ferritin (p<0.001) and transferrin saturation (p<0.001) levels decreased with HA exposure in both groups. HA workers had lower levels of oxidative stress, and higher levels of antioxidant capacity, iron supply and hemoglobin concentration as compared to altitude-naïve individuals. Upon a second week of daily HA exposure, changes in levels of protein oxidation, glutathione peroxidase and nitric oxide metabolites were lower as compared to the first week in altitude-naïve individuals. These results indicate that repeated exposure to HA may significantly alter oxidative stress and iron homeostasis, and the degree of such changes may be dependent on if HA is visited naïvely or routinely. Further studies are required to fully elucidate differences in HA-induced changes in oxidative stress and iron homeostasis profiles amongst visitors of HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal L Rytz
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Matiram Pun
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jamie A Mawhinney
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - Mathilde Mura
- Univ Lyon, University Lyon 1, Team "Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Physical Activity", Lyon, France
| | - Agnès Martin
- Univ Lyon, University Lyon 1, Team "Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Physical Activity", Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Univ Lyon, University Lyon 1, Team "Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Physical Activity", Lyon, France
| | - Sara E Hartmann
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Michael Furian
- Pulmonary Division, Sleep Disorders Centre and Pulmonary Hypertension Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jean M Rawling
- Department of Family Medicine at the University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Ivan Lopez
- Safety Group, Atacama Large Millimeter Submillimeter Array, Calama, Chile
| | - Daniel Soza
- Safety Group, Atacama Large Millimeter Submillimeter Array, Calama, Chile
| | - Fernando A Moraga
- Laboratorio de Fisiología, Hipoxia y Función Vascular, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Mona Lichtblau
- Pulmonary Division, Sleep Disorders Centre and Pulmonary Hypertension Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick R Bader
- Pulmonary Division, Sleep Disorders Centre and Pulmonary Hypertension Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Ulrich
- Pulmonary Division, Sleep Disorders Centre and Pulmonary Hypertension Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Konrad E Bloch
- Pulmonary Division, Sleep Disorders Centre and Pulmonary Hypertension Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthew C Frise
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Intensive Care Unit, Royal Berkshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Reading, UK
| | - Marc J Poulin
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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17
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Intensity-dependent acute aerobic exercise: Effect on reactive control of attentional functions in acclimatized lowlanders at high altitude. Physiol Behav 2022; 250:113785. [PMID: 35346735 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human attentional function is sensitive to hypoxia. However, little is known about whether and how attentional function is altered after acute aerobic exercise at high altitude, especially for acclimatized lowlanders. In this study, we used the Attention Network Test (ANT) to measure alerting, orienting, and executive control functions and the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) with a different proportion of incongruent trials to investigate proactive and reactive control of executive function. We randomly divided the sample of 160 Tibetan lowlanders who had lived in the highlands for more than two years into four groups. Each of three groups performed 20 min of low-, moderate-, or high-intensity acute aerobic exercise, separately, and a control group watched a 20-min documentary. The ANT and SCWT were conducted before and after exercise or watching the documentary. The results indicated that the executive control effects of the three experimental groups significantly decreased and, in the posttest, the executive control effects of the high-intensity group were lower than those of the low-intensity group. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moderate- and high-intensity groups was increased significantly in the blocks containing 25% incongruent trials of SCWT task. These results suggest that the acute aerobic exercise at high altitude will improve the reactive control of attentional functions in acclimatized lowlanders, and the intensity may play an important role in the exercise-cognition interaction at high altitude.
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A prospective cohort study about the effect of repeated living high and working higher on cerebral autoregulation in unacclimatized lowlanders. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2472. [PMID: 35169168 PMCID: PMC8847624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06270-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral autoregulation (CA) is impaired during acute high-altitude (HA) exposure, however, effects of temporarily living high and working higher on CA require further investigation. In 18 healthy lowlanders (11 women), we hypothesized that the cerebral autoregulation index (ARI) assessed by the percentage change in middle cerebral artery peak blood velocity (Δ%MCAv)/percentage change in mean arterial blood pressure (Δ%MAP) induced by a sit-to-stand maneuver, is (i) reduced on Day1 at 5050 m compared to 520 m, (ii) is improved after 6 days at 5050 m, and (iii) is less impaired during re-exposure to 5050 m after 7 days at 520 m compared to Cycle1. Participants spent 4-8 h/day at 5050 m and slept at 2900 m similar to real-life working shifts. High/low ARI indicate impaired/intact CA, respectively. With the sit-to-stand at 520 m, mean (95% CI) in ΔMAP and ΔMCAv were - 26% (- 41 to - 10) and - 13% (- 19 to - 7), P < 0.001 both comparisons; mean ± SD in ARI was 0.58 ± 2.44Δ%/Δ%, respectively. On Day1 at 5050 m, ARI worsened compared to 520 m (3.29 ± 2.42Δ%/Δ%), P = 0.006 but improved with acclimatization (1.44 ± 2.43Δ%/Δ%, P = 0.039). ARI was less affected during re-exposure to 5050 m (1.22 ± 2.52Δ%/Δ%, P = 0.027 altitude-induced change between sojourns). This study showed that CA (i) is impaired during acute HA exposure, (ii) improves with living high, working higher and (iii) is ameliorated during re-exposure to HA.
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Hernández-Vásquez A, Vargas-Fernández R, Rojas-Roque C, Gamboa-Unsihuay JE. Association between altitude and depression in Peru: An 8-year pooled analysis of population-based surveys. J Affect Disord 2022; 299:536-544. [PMID: 34942223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In high altitude regions, people experience biological, inflammatory and brain structure changes that increase the risk of depressive symptoms. The aim of this study was to determine the association between altitude and depressive symptoms in the Peruvian population, adjusting by demographic, socioeconomic and exposure to health risk factors. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analytical study of data collected annually by the Demographic and Family Health Survey during the period 2013-2020. The presence of depressive symptoms during the last 14 days prior to the survey were measured using scores obtained from the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). A generalized linear model (GLM) of gamma family and log link function was used to report the crude and adjusted β coefficients. A quantile regression model was performed as a sensitivity analysis. RESULTS Data from a total of 215,409 participants were included. After adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic and health risk exposures, the GLM showed that an increase in every 100 m of altitude of residence was positively and significantly associated with the depressive symptoms score (β=0•01 [95% confidence interval: 0•01-0•01]). LIMITATIONS The length of residence in high altitude areas of the population included cannot be established, requiring future research to determine if the results of the present study are similar in native people or permanent residents of high altitude regions. CONCLUSIONS Altitude was positively associated with depressive symptom scores. Our results will allow the development of mental health interventions based on factors that increase the likelihood of depressive symptoms in high-altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Hernández-Vásquez
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Centro de Excelencia en Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru.
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Liu S, Wang F, Zhang C, Zhang Q, Dang ZC, Ng CH, Xiang YT. Cognitive Impairment and Its Associated Factors in Older Adults Living in High and Low Altitude Areas: A Comparative Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:871414. [PMID: 35815014 PMCID: PMC9259941 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.871414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is a major health concern in older adults. Few studies have examined the association between environmental factors and cognitive impairment, especially in high altitude areas. In this study, the prevalence of cognitive impairment in older adults living in high altitude was compared with those living in low altitude areas. METHODS This was a comparative study conducted at Qinghai (high altitude group), and Guangzhou (low altitude group), China. Cognition, depressive symptoms and quality of life (QOL) were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and WHO Quality of Life brief version-WHOQOL-BREF, respectively. RESULTS Altogether, 644 older adults (207 in Qinghai and 437 in Guangzhou) completed the assessment. The prevalence rate of cognitive impairment was 94.7% (95% CI: 91.6-97.7%) in older adults living in the high altitude area, while the corresponding figure was 89.2% (95% CI: 86.3-92.1%) in the low altitude area. After controlling for covariates, the high altitude group appeared more likely to have cognitive impairment (OR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.23-6.91, P = 0.015) compared with the low altitude group. Within the high altitude group sample, multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that older age (aged 74 and above) was significantly associated with higher risk of severe cognitive impairment (OR = 3.58, 95%CI: 1.44-8.93, P = 0.006), while higher education level (secondary school and above) was associated with decreased risk of moderate cognitive impairment (OR = 0.43, 95%CI: 0.22-0.85, P = 0.006). Within the high altitude group, QOL did not differ significantly between normal/mild, moderate and severe cognitive impairment subgroups across physical [F (1, 207) = 1.83, P = 0.163], psychological [F (1, 207) = 1.50, P = 0.225], social [F (1,207) = 2.22, P = 0.111] and environmental domains [F (1,207) = 0.49, P = 0.614]. CONCLUSION This study found that cognitive impairment was more common among older adults living in the high altitude area. Regular screening and appropriate interventions should be provided to older adults in need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou Liu
- Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Yong Ding lu Outpatient, Jingnan Medical Area, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qinge Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital and The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhan-Cui Dang
- Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Chee H Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.,Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
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21
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Wang X, Cui L, Ji X. Cognitive impairment caused by hypoxia: from clinical evidences to molecular mechanisms. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:51-66. [PMID: 34618295 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00796-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a state of reduced oxygen supply and excessive oxygen consumption. According to the duration of hypoxic period, it can be classified as acute and chronic hypoxia. Both acute and chronic hypoxia could induce abundant neurological deficits. Although there have been significant advances in the pathophysiological injuries, few studies have focused on the cognitive dysfunction. In this review, we focused on the clinical evidences and molecular mechanisms of cognitive impairment under acute and chronic hypoxia. Hypoxia can impair several cognitive domains such as attention, learning and memory, procession speed and executive function, which are similar in acute and chronic hypoxia. The severity of cognitive deficit correlates with the duration and degree of hypoxia. Recovery can be achieved after acute hypoxia, while sequelae or even dementia can be observed after chronic hypoxia, perhaps due to the different molecular mechanisms. Cardiopulmonary compensatory response, glycolysis, oxidative stress, calcium overload, adenosine, mitochondrial disruption, inflammation and excitotoxicity contribute to the molecular mechanisms of cognitive deficit after acute hypoxia. During the chronic stage of hypoxia, different adaptive responses, impaired neurovascular coupling, apoptosis, transcription factors-mediated inflammation, as well as Aβ accumulation and tau phosphorylation account for the neurocognitive deficit. Moreover, brain structural changes with hippocampus and cortex atrophy, ventricle enlargement, senile plaque and neurofibrillary tangle deposition can be observed under chronic hypoxia rather than acute hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Cui
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, No 45, Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, Xicheng District, China.
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22
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Huang MK, Chang KS, Kao WF, Li LH, How CK, Wang SH, Lin YK, Hwang YS, Chien DK, Chiu YH. Visual hallucinations in 246-km mountain ultra-marathoners: An observational study. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2021; 64:225-231. [PMID: 34708714 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_57_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra-marathons are typically held over harsh terrains such as mountains, deserts, or other wilderness, and place severe demands on the physical and psychological capabilities of participants. Adventure-race competitors commonly report hallucinations. The goal of this study was to gain insight into visual hallucinations (VHs) during a mountain ultra-marathon. Thirty-one Taiwanese runners who participated in the 2018 Run Across Taiwan Ultra-Marathon, which spans 246 km with an altitude difference of 3266 m and an overall cut-off time of 44 h, volunteered for this study. Self-reported questionnaires on sleep duration, hallucinatory experiences, clinical symptoms of cold- and heat-related illnesses, and the 2018 Lake Louise Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) Score were recorded prerace, during the summit, immediately postrace, and 3-days postrace. Hematological samples were collected 1 week before, immediately after, and 3 days after the race. Eight ultra-marathoners (six males and two females; seven finishers and one withdrawer) were recruited. Three out of eight (37.5%) subjects (two males and one female) reported experiencing VHs during the last 60 km. Three out of five (60%) lower-ranked subjects experienced VHs. All eight runners slept for <30 min during the race. None of the runners presented with headache either during or after the race to meet the criteria for AMS. None of the runners suffered an abnormal thermoregulatory response or a hypoglycemic episode throughout the ultra-marathon. The changes in blood osmolality immediately postrace were subclinical, despite being statistically significant. Among the three runners with VHs, none presented with severe dehydration or dysnatremia immediately postrace. High-altitude exposure, hyper/hypothermia, dehydration, dysnatermia, or hypoglycemia did not seem to contribute to hallucination onset in our subjects during the event. VHs of ultra-marathoners may be associated with excessive physical exertion and sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Kun Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital; Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Song Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fong Kao
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital; Department of Emergency, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hua Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Program of Medical Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chorng-Kuang How
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei; Department of Emergency Medicine, Kinmen Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Kinmen, Taiwan
| | | | - Yen-Kuang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Shyan Hwang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Kuo Chien
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hui Chiu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City; Department of Emergency, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Qiu Q, Lv P, Zhongshen Y, Yuan F, Zhang X, Zhou X, Li S, Liu X, Zhang J. Electrophysiological mechanisms underlying hypoxia-induced deficits in visual spatial and non-spatial discrimination. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15036. [PMID: 34558212 PMCID: PMC8461214 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired visual cognition in residents of hypoxic environment has been widely reported; however, the underlying electrophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, 23 college students underwent three sessions of a Clock task test before a 30-day high-altitude exposure (Test 1) and 1 week (Test 2) and 3 months (Test 3) after they returned to lowlands. The Clock task consists of a visual spatial angle and a visual non-spatial color discrimination subtask. Simultaneously, electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded during the Clock task. The behavioral results showed that, compared with Test 1, accuracy in Test 2 was significantly decreased in both the Angle and Color tasks, and reaction time (RT) was significantly increased in the Angle task. The event-related potentials results showed that, during both tasks amplitudes of the occipital N1 and P3 components during both tasks were significantly decreased in Test 2, compared with Test 1. Moreover, N1 amplitude was negatively correlated with RT and positively correlated with accuracy. Further time-frequency EEG analysis showed that theta power at occipital sites was significantly decreased in both tasks in Test 2, compared with Test 1, and was negatively correlated with RT in the Angle task. In Test 3, both the behavioral performance and EEG activity recovered to the baseline level in Test 1. These findings suggested that hypoxia impairs both visual spatial and visual non-spatial discriminations, and these impairments can recover after subjects return to lowlands. Inhibition of brain electrophysiological activity in the visual cortex may explain the deficits in visual cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qiu
- Institute of Brain Diseases and CognitionSchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Pengpeng Lv
- Department of Clinical MedicineSchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Yihao Zhongshen
- Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineSchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Fengjuan Yuan
- Institute of Brain Diseases and CognitionSchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Xinjuan Zhang
- Institute of Brain Diseases and CognitionSchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Xiuzhu Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Shanhua Li
- Institute of Brain Diseases and CognitionSchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Institute of PsychologySchool of Public PolicyXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- Institute of Brain Diseases and CognitionSchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
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Altered resting-state networks may explain the executive impairment in young health immigrants into high-altitude area. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:147-156. [PMID: 32125618 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00241-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Executive function is a complex involving multiple advanced brain functions like planning, working memory, mental flexibility and psychomotor. Previous researches indicated that executive function may be impaired after acute or chronic high-altitude exposure, while the underlying neurobiological mechanism has not been totally clarified. In the present study, based on 69 young healthy volunteers immigrating to high-altitude, Stroop test was utilized to identify the potential impairment of executive function after two-year high-altitude exposure while resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) technology was employed to observe the alteration of resting-state networks. Stroop test indicated that the subjects experienced significantly lower accuracies and prolonged responding time after two-year exposure. Resting-state network analysis displayed a significantly decreased degree of co-activation within the left/right frontoparietal network, sensorimotor network, and auditory network after exposure. In the frontoparietal network, decreased co-activation intensity was found in left angular gyrus, while in the right frontoparietal network, decreased co-activation intensity was found in left precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus. Similarly, as for sensorimotor and auditory network, left middle frontal gyrus and left superior temporal gyrus was identified to have decreased co-activation, respectively. Moreover, the responding delays in ST (part II) were negatively correlated with the signal intensity alteration of the right frontoparietal network. All these evidences indicated that the high-altitude exposure induced alteration in above resting state networks may be the functional basis of executive control impairment.
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25
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Memantine ameliorates cognitive impairment induced by exposure to chronic hypoxia environment at high altitude by inhibiting excitotoxicity. Life Sci 2021; 270:119012. [PMID: 33422543 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.119012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Memantine is a non-competitive antagonist of glutamatergic NMDA receptor that is mainly used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The excitatory toxicity mediated by glutamate via glutamatergic receptor signals is considered to be one of the mechanisms mediating neuronal injury and cognitive impairment after exposure to a hypoxic environment at a high altitude. Therefore, in this study, we hypothesized that inhibiting glutamate signaling using memantine could alleviate neuronal injury and cognitive impairment in rats exposed to chronic hypoxia. MAIN METHODS we made animal models in the natural environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at an altitude of 4300 m, and used animal behavior, morphology, molecular biology and other methods to evaluate the impact of chronic hypoxia exposure on cognitive function and the neuroprotective effect of Memantine. KEY FINDINGS Our results showed that the expression of NMDA receptors increased, while the expression of AMPA receptors decreased, after 4 weeks of chronic hypoxia exposure. Concomitantly, apoptotic neuronal cell death in the hippocampus and frontal cortex was significantly increased, along with levels of oxidative stress, whereas innate ability to inhibit free radicals decreased. Moreover, after 8 weeks of hypoxia exposure, learning, memory, and space exploration abilities were significantly decreased. Notably, after treatment with memantine, apoptotic neuronal cell death, oxidative stress, and free radical levels decreased, and the cognitive function of the animals improved. SIGNIFICANCE Present study shows that chronic hypoxia can produce the excitatory toxicity leading to neural injury and cognitive impairment that can be suppressed with memantine treatment by inhibiting excitatory toxicity.
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26
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Li S, Han C, Asmaro K, Quan S, Li M, Ren C, Zhang J, Zhao W, Xu J, Liu Z, Zhang P, Zhu L, Ding Y, Wang K, Ji X, Duan L. Remote Ischemic Conditioning Improves Attention Network Function and Blood Oxygen Levels in Unacclimatized Adults Exposed to High Altitude. Aging Dis 2020; 11:820-827. [PMID: 32765948 PMCID: PMC7390527 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) confers protection on major organs from hypoxic/ischemic injuries; however, its impacts on attention network function and blood oxygen levels in unacclimatized adults exposed to high altitudes have yet to be elucidated. In this study, we recruited 120 healthy male volunteers, of which one was exposed to high altitude and the other was exposed to low altitude. The two cohorts were further divided into RIC and sham control groups. The attentional network test (ANT) was performed to evaluate cognitive function before and after RIC treatment. Other outcomes such as heart rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, cerebral tissue oxygenation index (CTOI), and cerebrovascular hemodynamic indices were also evaluated. Prior to RIC treatment, there were no significant differences in orienting or executive function between the treatment and control arms of either cohort. Alerting function was significantly lower in the high-altitude cohort than in the low-altitude cohort. There were significant reductions in both blood oxygen and CTOI in the high-altitude cohort relative to the low-altitude cohort, while the pulse index (PI) of the former cohort was significantly increased. After RIC treatment, there was a significant difference in alerting function between the high-altitude RIC group and its associated control. The CTOI of the treatment group increased from 60.39±3.40% to 62.78±4.40%, and blood oxygenation also improved. Furthermore, this group showed a significant reduction in its PI. Exposure to high-altitude environments had a significant impact on alerting function, blood oxygen, CTOI, and PI. RIC ameliorated changes in attentional function, as well as blood oxygen and CTOI, suggesting that it potentially alters cerebrovascular compliance upon exposure to high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Li
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Han
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Department of Neurosurgery, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Karam Asmaro
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Shanyi Quan
- 4Department of Health, Xizang Military Region of PLA, Xizang, China
| | - Ming Li
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Changhong Ren
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- 5Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Xu
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Zhu
- 6Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Science, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- 7Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- 5Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lian Duan
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Department of Neurosurgery, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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27
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Pun M, Guadagni V, Drogos LL, Pon C, Hartmann SE, Furian M, Lichtblau M, Muralt L, Bader PR, Moraga FA, Soza D, Lopez I, Rawling JM, Ulrich S, Bloch KE, Giesbrecht B, Poulin MJ. Cognitive Effects of Repeated Acute Exposure to Very High Altitude Among Altitude-Experienced Workers at 5050 m. High Alt Med Biol 2019; 20:361-374. [DOI: 10.1089/ham.2019.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matiram Pun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Veronica Guadagni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Lauren L. Drogos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Charlotte Pon
- Safety Group, Atacama Large Millimeter Submillimeter Array, Calama, Chile
| | - Sara E. Hartmann
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Michael Furian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sleep Disorders Centre and Pulmonary Hypertension Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mona Lichtblau
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sleep Disorders Centre and Pulmonary Hypertension Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lara Muralt
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sleep Disorders Centre and Pulmonary Hypertension Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick R. Bader
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sleep Disorders Centre and Pulmonary Hypertension Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fernando A. Moraga
- Laboratorio de Fisiología, Hipoxia y Función Vascular, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Daniel Soza
- Safety Group, Atacama Large Millimeter Submillimeter Array, Calama, Chile
| | - Ivan Lopez
- Safety Group, Atacama Large Millimeter Submillimeter Array, Calama, Chile
| | - Jean M. Rawling
- Department of Family Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Silvia Ulrich
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sleep Disorders Centre and Pulmonary Hypertension Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Konrad E. Bloch
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sleep Disorders Centre and Pulmonary Hypertension Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barry Giesbrecht
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, and Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Marc J. Poulin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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28
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Lefferts WK, DeBlois JP, Soriano JE, Mann L, Rampuri Z, Herrington B, Thrall S, Bird J, Harman TS, Day TA, Heffernan KS, Brutsaert TD. Preservation of Neurovascular Coupling to Cognitive Activity in Anterior Cerebrovasculature During Incremental Ascent to High Altitude. High Alt Med Biol 2019; 21:20-27. [PMID: 31750741 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2019.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: High altitude sojourn challenges blood flow regulation in the brain, which may contribute to cognitive dysfunction. Neurovascular coupling (NVC) describes the ability to increase blood flow to working regions of the brain. Effects of high altitude on NVC in frontal regions undergoing cognitive activation are unclear but may be relevant to executive function in high-altitude hypoxia. This study sought to examine the effect of incremental ascent to very high altitude on NVC by measuring anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) hemodynamic responses to sustained cognitive activity. Materials and Methods: Eight adults (23 ± 7 years, four female) underwent bilateral measurement of ACA and MCA mean velocity and pulsatility index (PI) through transcranial Doppler during a 3-minute Stroop task at 1400, 3440, and 4240 m. Results: Resting MCA and ACA PI decreased with high-altitude hypoxia (p < 0.05). Cognitive activity at all altitudes resulted in similar increases in MCA and ACA mean velocity, and decreases in ACA and MCA PI (p < 0.05 for MCA, p = 0.07 for ACA). No significant altitude-by-Stroop interactions were detected, indicating NVC was stable with increasing altitude. Conclusions: Ascent to very high altitude (4240 m) using an incremental profile that supports partial acclimatization does not appear to disturb (1) increases in cerebral blood velocity and (2) reductions in pulsatility that characterize optimal NVC in frontal regions of the brain during cognitive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley K Lefferts
- Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Jacob P DeBlois
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
| | | | - Leah Mann
- Department of Biology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zahrah Rampuri
- Department of Biology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Scott Thrall
- Department of Biology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jordan Bird
- Department of Biology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Taylor S Harman
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Trevor A Day
- Department of Biology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kevin S Heffernan
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Tom D Brutsaert
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
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29
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Ando S, Komiyama T, Sudo M, Higaki Y, Ishida K, Costello JT, Katayama K. The interactive effects of acute exercise and hypoxia on cognitive performance: A narrative review. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 30:384-398. [PMID: 31605635 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute moderate intensity exercise has been shown to improve cognitive performance. In contrast, hypoxia is believed to impair cognitive performance. The detrimental effects of hypoxia on cognitive performance are primarily dependent on the severity and duration of exposure. In this review, we describe how acute exercise under hypoxia alters cognitive performance, and propose that the combined effects of acute exercise and hypoxia on cognitive performance are mainly determined by interaction among exercise intensity and duration, the severity of hypoxia, and duration of exposure to hypoxia. We discuss the physiological mechanism(s) of the interaction and suggest that alterations in neurotransmitter function, cerebral blood flow, and possibly cerebral metabolism are the primary candidates that determine cognitive performance when acute exercise is combined with hypoxia. Furthermore, acclimatization appears to counteract impaired cognitive performance during prolonged exposure to hypoxia although the precise physiological mechanism(s) responsible for this amelioration remain to be elucidated. This review has implications for sporting, occupational, and recreational activities at terrestrial high altitude where cognitive performance is essential. Further studies are required to understand physiological mechanisms that determine cognitive performance when acute exercise is performed in hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichi Ando
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Komiyama
- Center for Education in Liberal Arts and Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sudo
- Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuki Higaki
- Faculty of Sports Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Ishida
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Joseph T Costello
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Keisho Katayama
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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30
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Chail A, Baby S, Sharma R, Dubey A. Impact of eclectic cognitive retraining in a case of high-altitude cerebral edema. Ind Psychiatry J 2019; 28:318-320. [PMID: 33223730 PMCID: PMC7659995 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_108_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment in cases of high-altitude cerebral edema is a less researched area of neuropsychiatry. Usually, it presents with depressive symptoms and can sway the treatment on the lines of organic depressive disorder and pseudodementia. We report one such case of which presented with depressive symptoms with cognitive dysfunction. The diagnosis was later revised to organic amnesic syndrome. His cognitive deficits improved with the use of cognitive retraining, especially with the use of mobile-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Chail
- Department of Psychiatry, Command Hospital (SC), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sojan Baby
- Department of Psychiatry, Military Hospital, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India
| | - Rachit Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Command Hospital (SC), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amresh Dubey
- Department of Psychiatry, Command Hospital (SC), Pune, Maharashtra, India
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31
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De Bels D, Pierrakos C, Bruneteau A, Reul F, Crevecoeur Q, Marrone N, Vissenaeken D, Borgers G, Balestra C, Honoré PM, Theunissen S. Variation of Cognitive Function During a Short Stay at Hypobaric Hypoxia Chamber (Altitude: 3842 M). Front Physiol 2019; 10:806. [PMID: 31316394 PMCID: PMC6611417 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To observe the effects of a fast-acute ascent to high altitude on brain cognitive function and transcranial doppler parameters in order to understand the physiological countermeasures of hypoxia. Methods 17 high-altitude-naïve male subjects (mean age was 26.3 ± 8.1 years) participated in the study. We measured Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency (CFFF), blood oxygen saturation, Psychology Experiment Building (PEBL) including three tests (Modified Math Processing Task, Perceptual Vigilance Task, and Time Estimation Task), as well as Cerebral Blood Flow index (CBFi), mean cerebral artery Systolic and diastolic velocities, Cerebral Pulsatility index (CPi), and heart Rate. All were measured at sea level, at least 1 h after arrival at the hypobaric hypoxia equivalent of 3842 m and 1 h after return to sea level. Results Under acute exposure to hypobaric hypoxic conditions, significant decrease in CFFF [42.1 ± 1 vs. 43.5 ± 1.7 Hz at sea level (asl), p < 0.01], CBFi (611 ± 51 vs. 665 ± 71 asl, p < 0.01) and blood oxygen saturation (83 ± 4% vs. 98 ± 1% asl, p < 0.001) as compared to pre-ascent values were observed. Physiological countermeasures to hypoxia could be involved as there was no significant change in neuropsychometric tests, Systolic and Diastolic velocities and CPi. A significant increase in Heart Rate (81 ± 15 bpm vs. 66 ± 15 bpm asl, p < 0.001) was observed. All parameters returned to their basal values 1 h after regaining sea level. Conclusion Hypoxia results in a decrease in CFFF, CBFi and oxygen saturation and in an increase in heart rate. As it decreased, Cerebral Blood Flow index does not seem to be the physiological measurement of choice to hypoxia explaining the maintenance of cognitive performance after acute exposure to hypobaric hypoxia and requires further investigation. Cerebral oxygen delivery and extraction could be one of the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D De Bels
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Brugmann University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.,Unit of Oxygen Study, Translational Research Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Pierrakos
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Brugmann University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.,Unit of Oxygen Study, Translational Research Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Bruneteau
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant, Brussels, Belgium
| | - F Reul
- Faculty of Medicine, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Q Crevecoeur
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant, Brussels, Belgium
| | - N Marrone
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant, Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Vissenaeken
- Hypobaric Chamber, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Borgers
- Hypobaric Chamber, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Balestra
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant, Brussels, Belgium
| | - P M Honoré
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Brugmann University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Theunissen
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant, Brussels, Belgium
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32
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Injury-Related Deaths according to Environmental, Demographic, and Lifestyle Factors. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 2019:6942787. [PMID: 30944571 PMCID: PMC6421738 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6942787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Environmental, demographic, and lifestyle variables have been associated with injury-related deaths. The current study identifies the simultaneous association of selected environmental, demographic, and lifestyle variables with deaths from homicide, unintentional injuries, and suicide. Materials and Methods Analyses are based on county-level mortality data in the contiguous United States, 2011–15. Basic summary statistics and Poisson regression were used to evaluate the data. Results The selected causes of death were impacted differently by age, sex, and race: for homicide, mortality rates were greater in ages 20–39, males, and blacks; for unintentional injuries, the rates increased with age, most noticeably in the oldest age group, and were highest among males and whites; and for suicide, the rates tended to increase with age and were greater in males and whites. Mortality rates from homicide were positively associated with poverty, cigarette smoking, air temperature, and leisure-time physical inactivity. They were negatively associated with precipitation and sunlight. Mortality rates from unintentional injuries were positively associated with altitude, cigarette smoking, air temperature, poverty, obesity, and precipitation. They were negatively associated with population density. Mortality rates from suicides were positively associated with altitude, cigarette smoking, obesity, air temperature, and precipitation and negatively associated with population density. Conclusion The results confirm and extend previous research in which death from homicide, unintentional injuries, and suicide are distinctly associated with a combination of environmental, demographic, and lifestyle variables. The findings may be useful in developing strategies for reducing injury-related deaths.
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33
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Lefferts WK, DeBlois JP, White CN, Day TA, Heffernan KS, Brutsaert TD. Changes in cognitive function and latent processes of decision-making during incremental ascent to high altitude. Physiol Behav 2019; 201:139-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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