1
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Muller MM, Santana DJ, Costa HC, Ceron K. Geographic patterns of distribution and ecological niche of the snake-necked turtle genus Hydromedusa. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16712. [PMID: 38560463 PMCID: PMC10979749 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic factors play a crucial role in determining the distribution of species. These factors dictate the conditions that must be met for a species to thrive in a particular area. Sister species that present some degree of niche overlap can shed light on how they are distributed and coexist in their environment. This study aims to investigate the geographical distribution and ecological niche of the sister species of snake-necked turtles Hydromedusa maximiliani and H. tectifera. By analyzing their niche overlap, we aim to obtain a better understanding of how these two species coexist and which variables are determining their occurences. We applied species distribution modeling and compared the niches using the niche equivalence and similarity tests. Our findings show that the distribution of H. maximiliani is most influenced by temperature seasonality and isothermality, while H. tectifera is most affected by the temperature seasonality, precipitation of warmest quarter and mean diurnal range. In addition, our results suggest that the niche expressed by H. maximiliani retained ecological characteristics that can accurately predict the H. tectifera distribution, but the inverse is not true. In this sense, differences are not solely due to the geographic availability of environmental conditions but can reflect niche restrictions, such as competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia M.P. Muller
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego J. Santana
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Henrique C. Costa
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Karoline Ceron
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Han X, Sun B, Zhang Q, Teng L, Zhang F, Liu Z. Metabolic regulation reduces the oxidative damage of arid lizards in response to moderate heat events. Integr Zool 2023. [PMID: 37897215 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming poses a significant threat to species worldwide, particularly those inhabiting arid and semi-arid regions where extreme temperatures are increasingly prevalent. However, empirical studies investigating how moderate heat events affect the physiological processes of arid and semi-arid animals are largely scarce. To address this knowledge gap, we used an arid and semi-arid lizard species (Phrynocephalus przewalskii) as a study system. We manipulated thermal environments to simulate moderate heat events (43.5 ± 0.3°C during the heating period) for lizards and examined physiological and biochemical traits related to survival, metabolism, locomotion, oxidative stress, and telomere length. We found that the body condition and survival of the lizards were not significantly affected by moderate heat events, despite an increase in body temperature and a decrease in locomotion at high test temperatures were detected. Mechanistically, we found that the lizards exhibited down-regulated metabolic rates and enhanced activities of antioxidative enzymes, resulting in reduced oxidative damage and stable telomere length under moderate heat events. Based on these findings, which indicated a beneficial regulation of fitness by physiological and biochemical processes, we inferred that moderate heat events did not have a detrimental effect on the toad-headed agama, P. przewalskii. Overall, our research contributes to understanding the impacts of moderate heat events on arid and semi-arid species and highlights the adaptive responses and resilience exhibited by the toad-headed agama in the face of climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhi Han
- College of Wildlife and Protected Areas, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baojun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Teng
- College of Wildlife and Protected Areas, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Harbin, China
| | - Fushun Zhang
- Grassland Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhensheng Liu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Areas, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Harbin, China
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3
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Kirchner R, Kirchnerová S, Tirpák F, Halo M, Slanina T, Tokárová K, Kováčik A, Miškeje M, Komárňanská V, Greń A, Formicki G, Massányi P. Biogenic Elements and Heavy Metals in Hermann's Tortoises- Testudo hermanni: Effect on Serum Biochemistry and Oxidative Status Parameters. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2218. [PMID: 37444016 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conservation of species diversity is the need of the hour for preserving life forms on Earth. Extinction of any part of the ecosystem has negative impacts on many processes and systems. The objective of this work was to analyze some biochemical and molecular indicators and their correlations to biogenic elements and heavy metals in Testudo hermanni (n = 16). METHODS Biochemical parameters were analyzed using the commercial kit DiaSys and biochemical analyzer Randox RX Monza. Sodium, potassium, and chlorides were measured using the EasyLite analyzer. Oxidative stress was evaluated using colorimetric and luminometric methods. Quantification of chemical elements in the blood was carried out using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPS). RESULTS Biochemical values of analyzed samples from Hermann's tortoises were almost the same as referential values described by multiple authors, with minor aberrations in the total protein parameter. Values of arsenic (As) and nickel (Ni) showed correlation with biochemical parameters and the parameters of oxidative stress. Cadmium (Cd) exhibited correlation with aspartate aminotransferase (AST). CONCLUSIONS This study reports correlations among four heavy metals, and their levels were again correlated with biochemical and molecular parameters in Hermann's tortoises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róbert Kirchner
- Institute of Applied Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Soňa Kirchnerová
- Institute of Applied Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Filip Tirpák
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Marko Halo
- Institute of Applied Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute of Applied Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Tokárová
- Institute of Applied Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Anton Kováčik
- Institute of Applied Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Michal Miškeje
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Komárňanská
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Agnieszka Greń
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Formicki
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
| | - Peter Massányi
- Institute of Applied Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
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4
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Xiang J, Wu H, Gao J, Jiang W, Tian X, Xie Z, Zhang T, Feng J, Song R. Niclosamide exposure disrupts antioxidant defense, histology, and the liver and gut transcriptome of Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 260:115081. [PMID: 37262966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Niclosamide (NIC) is the only commercially available molluscicide for controlling schistosomiasis, and its negative effects on aquatic animals had been frequently reported in recent years. However, the toxicity mechanism of NIC on the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) have not yet been investigated. Therefore, juvenile turtles were exposed to 0 (control group), 10 (low NIC, L), and 50 (high NIC, H) μg/L NIC for 120 h and our results demonstrated that NIC exposure induced severe pathological changes in the liver of P. sinensis. And the typical symptom included edema, nuclear migration and deformation, and vacuolization. Compared with the liver, the NIC exposure did not cause significant damage in the gut tissue. In addition, the DHE staining demonstrated that the ROS production of liver and gut increased with the increase in concentration of NIC. The activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) was inhibited with increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content, indicating that the antioxidant defense was significantly perturbed. Further, the transcriptome sequencing and was applied to evaluate the underlying toxicity mechanisms of NIC exposure in liver and gut of P. sinensis. Pathway enrichment showed that the disorder of lipid metabolism and innate immune regulation, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), lectins, and complement and coagulation cascades, were toxicological properties of NIC on P. sinensis. Overall, the current study provides valuable information to understand the toxic effect of NIC on Chinese soft-shelled turtle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiang
- Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China
| | - Jinwei Gao
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China
| | - Weimin Jiang
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xing Tian
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China
| | - Zhonggui Xie
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Changsha Animal and Plant Disease Control Center, Changsha 410153, China
| | - Jia Feng
- Changsha Animal and Plant Disease Control Center, Changsha 410153, China
| | - Rui Song
- Hunan Fisheries Science Institute, Changsha 410153, China.
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5
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Shi L, Chen B, Wang X, Huang M, Qiao C, Wang J, Wang Z. Antioxidant response to severe hypoxia in Brandt's vole Lasiopodomys brandtii. Integr Zool 2021; 17:581-595. [PMID: 34713576 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant defense system is essential for animals to cope with homeostasis disruption and overcome oxidative stress caused by adverse environmental conditions such as hypoxia. However, our understanding of how this system works in subterranean rodents remains limited. In this study, Brandt's vole Lasiopodomys brandtii was exposed to normoxia (21% O2 ) or hypoxia (mild or severe hypoxia: 10% or 5% O2 ) for 6 h. Changes in key enzymes of the classic enzymatic antioxidant system at both mRNA and enzyme activity levels, and tissue antioxidant levels of the low-molecular-weight antioxidant system were determined in brain, liver, and kidney. Transcript levels of the upstream regulator NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were also measured. We found that the mRNA expression of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant enzyme genes in L. brandtii were relatively conserved in response to hypoxia in most tissues and genes tested, except in the liver. Hepatic Nrf2, Cu/Zn SOD, GPx1, and GPx3 levels were significantly upregulated in response to mild hypoxia, whereas Mn SOD level decreased significantly in severe hypoxia. Unmatched with changes at the RNA level, constitutively high and relatively stable antioxidant enzyme activities were maintained throughout. For the low-molecular-weight antioxidant system, an abrupt increase of cerebral ascorbic acid (AA) levels in hypoxia indicated a tissue-specific antioxidant response. Although hypoxia did not cause significant oxidative damage in most tissues tested, the significant decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities (GPX and GR) and increase in lipid peroxidation in the kidney suggest that prolonged hypoxia may pose a critical threat to this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luye Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Bojian Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Jiaxing-Tongji Environmental Research Institute, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Maolin Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Congcong Qiao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingou Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Centre for Nutritional Ecology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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6
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Li S, Li J, Chen W, Xu Z, Xie L, Zhang Y. Effects of Simulated Heat Wave on Oxidative Physiology and Immunity in Asian Yellow Pond Turtle (Mauremys mutica). Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.704105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Global warming has led to an increase in the frequency, duration, and intensity of heat waves in the summer, which can cause frequent and acute heat stress on ectotherms. Thus, determining how ectothermic animals respond to heat waves has been attracting growing interest among ecologists. However, the physiological and biochemical responses to heat waves in reptiles, especially aquatic reptiles, are still poorly understood. The current study investigated the oxidant physiology, immunity, and expression levels of heat shock proteins (HSP) mRNA after exposure to a simulated heat wave (1 week, 35 ± 4°C), followed by a recovery period (1 week, 28 ± 4°C) in juvenile Asian yellow pond turtle (Mauremys mutica), a widely farmed aquatic turtle in East Asia. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver and muscle were not significantly affected by the heat wave or recovery. Of all antioxidant enzymes, only the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in muscles increased after heat wave, while the total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase activity (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) did not change during the study. The organo-somatic index for the liver and spleen of M. mutica decreased after the heat wave but increased to the initial level after recovery. In contrast, plasma lysozyme activity and serum complement C4 levels increased after the heat wave, returning to the control level after recovery. In addition, heat waves did not alter the relative expression of HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90 mRNA in the liver. Eventually, heat wave slightly increased the IBR/n index. Therefore, our results suggested that heat waves did not lead to oxidative damage to lipids in M. mutica, but deleteriously affected the turtles’ immune organs. Meanwhile, the constitutive levels of most antioxidative enzyme activities, HSPs and enhanced blood immune functions might protect the turtles from the threat of heat waves under the current climate scenarios.
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7
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Breedon SA, Hadj-Moussa H, Storey KB. Nrf2 activates antioxidant enzymes in the anoxia-tolerant red-eared slider turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2021; 335:426-435. [PMID: 33773070 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The freshwater red-eared slider turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans, experiences weeks to months of anoxia at the bottom of ice-locked bodies of water in the winter. While this introduces anoxia-reoxygenation cycles similar to the ischemia-reperfusion events that mammals experience, T. s. elegans does not suffer any apparent tissue damage. To survive prolonged anoxia and prevent cellular damage associated with reactive oxygen species, these turtles have developed numerous adaptions, including highly effective antioxidant defenses. Herein, we examined the subcellular localization and protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a central transcription factor responsible for modulating cellular antioxidant responses, that was found to be upregulated and localized to the nucleus in anoxic turtles. Additionally, we examined protein levels of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) antioxidant enzymes in anoxic liver, kidney, heart, and skeletal muscle tissues. MnSOD levels were significantly higher in heart and muscle during anoxia, and the four GST isozymes (GSTK1, GSTT1, GSTP1, and GSTM3) were elevated in a tissue-specific manner during anoxia and/or aerobic recovery. Together, these results indicate that Nrf2 is likely involved in activating downstream antioxidant genes in response to anoxic stress. These results provide a possible Nrf2-mediated transcriptional mechanism that supports existing findings of enhanced antioxidant defenses that allow T. s. elegans to cope with anoxia-reoxygenation cycles, and subsequent oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Breedon
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hanane Hadj-Moussa
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Zhang W, Storey KB, Dong Y. Synchronization of seasonal acclimatization and short‐term heat hardening improves physiological resilience in a changing climate. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science College of Ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen China
- Institute of Animal Genetic Resource Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China
| | - Kenneth B. Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology Carleton University Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Yun‐wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture Ministry of Education Fisheries College Ocean University of China Qingdao China
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao China
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9
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Araneda M, Gasca-Leyva E, Vela MA, Domínguez-May R. Effects of temperature and stocking density on intensive culture of Pacific white shrimp in freshwater. J Therm Biol 2020; 94:102756. [PMID: 33292997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In aquaculture, the application of predictive techniques based on statistical-mathematical modeling allows not only to project and study individual growth trajectories, but also to evaluate the probable effect of external factors that would explain their behavior over time. This is the case of this work, which takes the above as a principle to demonstrate the effect of water temperature on the growth of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei cultured in fresh water (0 mg L-1), using densities of 90, 120, 180, 230, 280 and 330 shrimp m-2. Shrimp were exposed to water temperature between 11.5 °C and 31.6 °C. Temperature effect was determined using a parameterized Gompertz growth model with experimental data from each initial culture density. The best shrimp productivity yield was obtained above 26 °C, and the least efficient was below 22 °C. Densities of 90-180 shrimp m-2 and 230-330 shrimp m-2 generated a maximum average size of 12.6 g and 8.8 g in 30 weeks, respectively. Here we present the implications of the effect of water temperature on the intensive culture of white shrimp with zero salinity (0 mg L-1) using these techniques from a predictive analytical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Araneda
- Área de Bioeconomía, Gestión y Control de Producción., Benchmark Genetics Chile, Santa Rosa 560 oficina 25 B, Puerto Varas, Chile; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias en Bioeconomía Pesquera y Acuícola, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, La Paz, Mexico.
| | - Eucario Gasca-Leyva
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mérida, Mexico.
| | - Miguel A Vela
- Universidad Marista de Mérida, Periférico Norte Tablaje Catastral, Carretera Mérida - Progreso, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Roger Domínguez-May
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mérida, Mexico.
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10
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A New IL6 Isoform in Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle ( Pelodiscus sinesis) Discovered: Its Regulation during Cold Stress and Infection. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9050111. [PMID: 32466093 PMCID: PMC7284502 DOI: 10.3390/biology9050111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinesis) is a widely cultured commercial species in East and Southeast Asian countries. The turtles frequently suffer from acute cold stress during farming in China. Stress-induced factor such as Interleukin-6 (IL6) is a multifunctional molecule that plays important roles in innate and adaptive immune response. In the present study, we found that the turtle possessed two IL6 transcripts, where one IL6 transcript contained a signal peptide sequence (psIL6), while the other IL6 transcript (psIL6ns) possessed no such signal peptide gene. To test any differential expression of the two isoforms during temperature and microbial stress, turtles were adapted to optimal environmental water temperature (25 °C), stressed by acute cooling for 24 h, followed with the challenge of Aeromonas hydrophila (1.8 × 108 CFU) or Staphylococcus aureus (5.8 × 108 CFU). Gene characterization revealed that psIL6ns, a splicer without codons encoding a signal peptide and identical to the one predicted from genomic sequence, and psIL6, a splicer with codons encoding a signal peptide, were both present. Inducible expression was documented in primary spleen cells stimulated with ConA and poly I: C. The splenic and intestinal expression of psIL6ns and psIL6 was increased in response to temperature stress and bacterial infection.
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11
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Li H, Huang X, Zhan A. Stress Memory of Recurrent Environmental Challenges in Marine Invasive Species: Ciona robusta as a Case Study. Front Physiol 2020; 11:94. [PMID: 32116797 PMCID: PMC7031352 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluctuating environmental changes impose tremendous stresses on sessile organisms in marine ecosystems, in turn, organisms develop complex response mechanisms to keep adaptive homeostasis for survival. Physiological plasticity is one of the primary lines of defense against environmental challenges, and such defense often relies on the antioxidant defense system (ADS). Hence, it is imperative to understand response mechanisms of ADS to fluctuating environments. Invasive species provide excellent models to study how species cope with environmental stresses, as invasive species encounter sudden, and often recurrent, extensive environmental challenges during the whole invasion process. Here, we studied the roles of ADS on rapid response to recurrent cold challenges in a highly invasive tunicate (Ciona robusta) by simulating cold stresses during its invasion process. We assessed antioxidative indicators, including malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), as well as transcriptional changes of ADS-related genes to reveal the physiological plasticity under recurring cold stresses. Our results demonstrated that physiological homeostasis relied on the resilience of ADS, which further accordingly tuned antioxidant activity and gene expression to changing environments. The initial cold stress remodeled baselines of ADS to promote the development of stress memory, and subsequent stress memory largely decreased the physiological response to recurrent environmental challenges. All results here suggest that C. robusta could develop stress memory to maintain physiological homeostasis in changing or harsh environments. The results obtained in this study provide new insights into the mechanism of rapid physiological adaption during biological invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxi Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuena Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aibin Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Resources and Environment, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Wang Z, Qu Y, Yan M, Li J, Zou J, Fan L. Physiological Responses of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei to Temperature Fluctuation in Low-Salinity Water. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1025. [PMID: 31456695 PMCID: PMC6700251 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature is a significant environmental factor in aquaculture. To investigate the physiological responses during temperature fluctuation (28~13°C), experimental shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) were treated with gradual cooling from acclimation temperature (AT, 28°C) to 13°C with a cooling rate of 7.5°C/day and rose back to 28°C at the same rate after 13°C for 24 h. Hepatopancreas histological changes, plasma metabolites concentrations, relative mRNA expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway and apoptosis in hepatopancreas and hemocyte were investigated. The results showed that with the decline of temperature, the number and volume of the secretory cells in hepatopancreas increased significantly, the tubule lumen appeared dilatated, and the epithelial cell layer became thinner. The contents of glucose (Glu) significantly decreased to the minimum value of 13°C for 24 h. The contents of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and total protein (TP) increased and reached the peak of 13°C for 24 h. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities in plasma reached the lowest and highest value in 13°C, respectively. The expressions of all genes related to UPR and apoptosis in the hepatopancreas and hemocytes were significantly changed during the cooling process and reached the highest level of 13 and 13°C for 24 h, respectively. During re-warming stage, the histopathological symptoms got remission and each of the plasma metabolite concentrations and gene expressions returned to AT levels. These results revealed that pacific white shrimp can adapt to a certain level of temperature fluctuation by self-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlu Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuexin Qu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muting Yan
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyi Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jixing Zou
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanfen Fan
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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