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Kaluhiokalani JP, Wallace TE, Ahmadi M, Marchant ED, Mehling J, Altuhov S, Dorff A, Leach OK, James JJ, Hancock CR, Hyldahl RD, Gifford JR. Six weeks of localized passive heat therapy elicits some exercise-like improvements in resistance artery function. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 39004886 DOI: 10.1113/jp286567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 6 weeks of localized, muscle-focused (quadriceps femoris) passive heat therapy (PHT) on resistance artery function, exercise haemodynamics and exercise performance relative to knee extension (KE) exercise training (EX). We randomized 34 healthy adults (ages 18-36; n = 17 female, 17 male) to receive either PHT or sham heating sessions (120 min, 3 days/week), or EX (40 min, 3 days/week) over 6 weeks. Blood flow was assessed with Doppler ultrasound of the femoral artery during both passive leg movement (PLM) and a KE graded exercise test. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis at baseline and after 6 weeks. Peak blood flow during PLM increased to the same extent in both the EX (∼10.5% increase, P = 0.009) and PHT groups (∼8.5% increase, P = 0.044). Peak flow during knee extension exercise increased in EX (∼19%, P = 0.005), but did not change in PHT (P = 0.523) and decreased in SHAM (∼7%, P = 0.020). Peak vascular conductance during KE increased by ∼25% in EX (P = 0.030) and PHT (P = 0.012). KE peak power increased in EX by ∼27% (P = 0.001) but did not significantly change in PHT and SHAM groups. Expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase increased significantly in both EX (P = 0.028) and PHT (P = 0.0095), but only EX resulted in increased angiogenesis. In conclusion, 6 weeks of localized PHT improved resistance artery function at rest and during exercise to the same extent as exercise training but did not yield significant improvements in performance. KEY POINTS: Many for whom exercise would be most beneficial are either unable to exercise or have a very low exercise tolerance. In these cases, an alternative treatment to combat declines in resistance artery function is needed. We tested the hypothesis that passive heat therapy (PHT) would increase resistance artery function, improve exercise haemodynamics and enhance exercise performance compared to a sham treatment, but less than aerobic exercise training. This report shows that 6 weeks of localized PHT improved resistance artery function at rest and during exercise to the same extent as exercise training but did not improve exercise performance. Additionally, muscle biopsy analyses revealed that endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression increased in both PHT and exercise training groups, but only exercise resulted in increased angiogenesis. Our data demonstrate the efficacy of applying passive heat as an alternative treatment to improve resistance artery function for those unable to receive the benefits of regular exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taysom E Wallace
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Mohadeseh Ahmadi
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Erik D Marchant
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Jack Mehling
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Stepan Altuhov
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Abigail Dorff
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Olivia K Leach
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Jessica J James
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Chad R Hancock
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Robert D Hyldahl
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Jayson R Gifford
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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2
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Edwards JJ, Coleman DA, Ritti-Dias RM, Farah BQ, Stensel DJ, Lucas SJE, Millar PJ, Gordon BDH, Cornelissen V, Smart NA, Carlson DJ, McGowan C, Swaine I, Pescatello LS, Howden R, Bruce-Low S, Farmer CKT, Leeson P, Sharma R, O'Driscoll JM. Isometric Exercise Training and Arterial Hypertension: An Updated Review. Sports Med 2024; 54:1459-1497. [PMID: 38762832 PMCID: PMC11239608 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension is recognised as a leading attributable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature mortality. Global initiatives towards the prevention and treatment of arterial hypertension are centred around non-pharmacological lifestyle modification. Exercise recommendations differ between professional and scientific organisations, but are generally unanimous on the primary role of traditional aerobic and dynamic resistance exercise. In recent years, isometric exercise training (IET) has emerged as an effective novel exercise intervention with consistent evidence of reductions in blood pressure (BP) superior to that reported from traditional guideline-recommended exercise modes. Despite a wealth of emerging new data and endorsement by select governing bodies, IET remains underutilised and is not widely prescribed in clinical practice. This expert-informed review critically examines the role of IET as a potential adjuvant tool in the future clinical management of BP. We explore the efficacy, prescription protocols, evidence quality and certainty, acute cardiovascular stimulus, and physiological mechanisms underpinning its anti-hypertensive effects. We end the review with take-home suggestions regarding the direction of future IET research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J Edwards
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Kent, CT1 1QU, UK
| | - Damian A Coleman
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Kent, CT1 1QU, UK
| | - Raphael M Ritti-Dias
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, University Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Breno Q Farah
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - David J Stensel
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sam J E Lucas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Philip J Millar
- Human Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ben D H Gordon
- Department of Health and Human Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Neil A Smart
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Debra J Carlson
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQ University, North Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Cheri McGowan
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Swaine
- Sport Science, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Linda S Pescatello
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Reuben Howden
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health and Clinical Sciences, UNC Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Stewart Bruce-Low
- Department of Applied Sport and Exercise Science, University of East London, London, UK
| | | | - Paul Leeson
- Oxford Clinical Cardiovascular Research Facility, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rajan Sharma
- Department of Cardiology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackshaw Road, Tooting, London, SW17 0QT, UK
| | - Jamie M O'Driscoll
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Kent, CT1 1QU, UK.
- Department of Cardiology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackshaw Road, Tooting, London, SW17 0QT, UK.
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Zarębska EA, Kusy K, Korman P, Słomińska EM, Zieliński J. Exercise-induced changes in lower limbs skin temperature against plasma ATP among individuals with various type and level of physical activity. J Therm Biol 2024; 122:103877. [PMID: 38850622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to examine the lower limbs skin temperature (TSK) changes in response to exhaustive whole-body exercise in trained individuals in reference to changes in plasma adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Eighteen trained participants from distinct sport type ‒ endurance (25.2 ± 4.9 yr) and speed-power (25.8 ± 3.1 yr), and 9 controls (24,9 ± 4,3 yr) ‒ were examined. Lower limbs TSK and plasma ATP measures were applied in parallel in response to incremental treadmill test and during 30-min recovery period. Plasma ATP kinetics were inversely associated to changes in TSK. The first significant decrease in TSK (76-89% of V˙ O2MAX) occurred shortly before a significant plasma ATP increase (86-97% of V˙ O2MAX). During recovery, TSK increased, reaching pre-exercise values (before exercise vs. after 30-min recovery: 31.6 ± 0.4 °C vs. 32.0 ± 0.8 °C, p = 0.855 in endurance; 32.4 ± 0.5 °C vs. 32.9 ± 0.5 °C, p = 0.061 in speed-power; 31.9 ± 0.7 °C vs. 32.4 ± 0.8 °C, p = 0.222 in controls). Plasma ATP concentration did not returned to pre-exercise values in well trained participants (before exercise vs. after 30-min recovery: 699 ± 57 nmol l-1 vs. 854 ± 31 nmol l-1, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.961 and 812 ± 35 nmol l-1 vs. 975 ± 55 nmol l-1, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.974 in endurance and speed-power, respectively), unlike in controls (651 ± 40 nmol l-1 vs. 687 ± 61 nmol·l-1, p = 0.58, η2 = 0.918). The magnitude of TSK and plasma ATP response differed between the groups (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.410 for TSK; p < 0.001, η2 = 0.833 for plasma ATP). We conclude that lower limbs TSK change indirectly corresponds to the reverse course of plasma ATP during incremental exercise and the magnitude of the response depends on the level of physical activity and the associated to it long-term metabolic adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa A Zarębska
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Kusy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Paweł Korman
- Department of Physical Therapy and Sports Recovery, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Ewa M Słomińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Jacek Zieliński
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871, Poznan, Poland.
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Mohammadi N, Farrell M, O'Sullivan L, Langan A, Franchin M, Azevedo L, Granato D. Effectiveness of anthocyanin-containing foods and nutraceuticals in mitigating oxidative stress, inflammation, and cardiovascular health-related biomarkers: a systematic review of animal and human interventions. Food Funct 2024; 15:3274-3299. [PMID: 38482946 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04579j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of chronic health disorders prevalent worldwide that claim millions of lives yearly. Inflammation and oxidative stress are intricately associated with myocardial tissue damage, endothelial dysfunction, and increased odds of heart failure. Thus, dietary strategies aimed at decreasing the odds of CVDs are paramount. In this regard, the consumption of anthocyanins, natural pigments found in edible flowers, fruits, and vegetables, has attracted attention due to their potential to promote cardiovascular health. The main mechanisms of action linked with their protective effects on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, serum lipid profile modulation, and other cardiovascular health parameters are explained and exemplified. However, little is known about the dose-dependency nature of the effects, which anthocyanin has better efficiency, and whether anthocyanin-containing foods display better in vivo efficacy than nutraceuticals (i.e., concentrated extracts containing higher levels of anthocyanins than foods). Thus, this systematic review focused on determining the effects of anthocyanin-containing foods and nutraceuticals on biomarkers associated with CVDs using animal studies and human interventions supported by in vitro mechanistic insights. Overall, the results showed that the regular consumption of anthocyanin-containing foods and nutraceuticals improved vascular function, lipid profile, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The daily dosage, the participants' health status, and the duration of the intervention also significantly influenced the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Mohammadi
- University of Limerick, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Biological Sciences, Bioactivity and Applications Lab, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Michelle Farrell
- University of Limerick, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Biological Sciences, Bioactivity and Applications Lab, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Laura O'Sullivan
- University of Limerick, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Biological Sciences, Bioactivity and Applications Lab, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Andrea Langan
- University of Limerick, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Biological Sciences, Bioactivity and Applications Lab, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Marcelo Franchin
- University of Limerick, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Biological Sciences, Bioactivity and Applications Lab, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Luciana Azevedo
- Federal University of Alfenas, In Vitro and In Vivo Nutritional and Toxicological Analysis Laboratory, Av. Jovino Fernandes Sales, 2600, Bairro Santa Clara - CEP 37133-840, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Granato
- University of Limerick, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Biological Sciences, Bioactivity and Applications Lab, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
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5
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Mohammadian M, Choobineh A, Razeghi M, Daneshmandi H, Ghaem H, Kazemi R, Jahani Y, Hashemi Nejad N. Knee Extension Exercise Effects on Physiological and Psychophysical Performance: Normal Weight Versus Obese Office Workers. Workplace Health Saf 2023; 71:589-596. [PMID: 37530211 DOI: 10.1177/21650799231188133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knee extension exercise is useful and practical for obese and overweight people as this form of exercise is effective in minimizing body weight loading on joints and improving the body's physiological function. This study aimed to compare the physiological and psychophysical parameters of office workers while computer-based working in an active workstation equipped with an active footrest (AFR) prototype with a mechanism for performing knee extension exercises in a sitting position, and also to compare the physiological and psychophysical parameters among normal-weight and obese office workers. METHODS In this quasi-experimental study, the physiological parameters of heart rate (HR) and energy expenditure (EE) (measured with the Fitbit Charge HR smartwatch) were measured in two cross-over random sessions for 32 office workers (16 normal-weight and 16 obese) aged 28 to 50 years (M = 42.72, standard deviation [SD] = 4.37) while performing office tasks in sitting and active workstations (equipped with AFR). Perceived physical exertion, comfort, fatigue, and liking were also measured by rating the participants. FINDINGS Short-term activity of the participants with AFR performing computer tasks significantly improved physiological and psychophysical parameters compared with the participants in sitting workstations. However, there was no significant difference in the effect of AFR on physiological and psychophysical parameters between normal-weight and obese participants. CONCLUSIONS/APPLICATION TO PRACTICE Given the significant increase in EE and HR resulting from exercise with AFR compared with the conventional workstation, the use of AFR can help office workers achieve the minimum standard of physical activity at their workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Mohammadian
- Health Foresight and Innovation Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences
| | - Alireza Choobineh
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
| | - Mohsen Razeghi
- Department of Physiotherapy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
| | - Hadi Daneshmandi
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
| | - Haleh Ghaem
- Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
| | - Reza Kazemi
- Ergonomics Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
| | - Yunes Jahani
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences
| | - Naser Hashemi Nejad
- Occupational Health and Safety at Work Department, Kerman University of Medical Sciences
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6
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Mohammadian M, Choobineh A, Razeghi M, Nejad NH, Karamooz-Ravari MR, Sheykhshoaei M, Kazemi R, Daneshmandi H. Designing and Usability testing of a New Prototype Active Footrest for Knee Extension Exercise Among Office Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2021; 28:2492-2500. [PMID: 34789065 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2021.2008183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The active factor along with light exercise can reduce static muscle work and increase muscle flexibility and endurance. Accordingly, this study aimed to design and prototype a new active footrest, implemented in conventional sitting workstations and to test its usability among office workers. METHODS The steps taken to design and prototype the active footrest were a) selection of an exercise appropriate for goals of ergonomic interventions, b) idea development, c) selection of the best conceptual design, d) design with SOLIDWORKS version 2016 software, and e) fabrication of a prototype. Afterward, the usability of the active footrest prototype was assessed among 20 office workers (10 females) using field data by the System Usability Scale. RESULTS Upon the completion of the design steps, the active footrest prototype was prototyped by taking into account design criteria (e.g. functionality, inclusive design, easy application, and reduction of additional body movement), anthropometric data and mechanical properties. The participants rated the usability of the active workstation as 89 ± 8.21 (out of 100) and indicating good usability results. CONCLUSION In this study, an active footrest was designed and prototyped to perform knee extension exercise with the capability of being implemented in conventional sitting workstations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alireza Choobineh
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mohsen Razeghi
- Department of Physiotherapy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Naser Hashemi Nejad
- Occupational Health and Safety at Work Department, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - M R Karamooz-Ravari
- Department of Design and Manufacturing Engineering, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Iran
| | - Morteza Sheykhshoaei
- Department of Design and Manufacturing Engineering, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Iran
| | - Reza Kazemi
- Ergonomics Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Hadi Daneshmandi
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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7
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Beltrami FG, Mzee D, Spengler CM. No Evidence That Hyperpnea-Based Respiratory Muscle Training Affects Indexes of Cardiovascular Health in Young Healthy Adults. Front Physiol 2020; 11:530218. [PMID: 33391004 PMCID: PMC7773763 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.530218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The chronic effects of respiratory muscle training (RMT) on the cardiovascular system remain unclear. This investigation tested to which degree a single sessions of RMT with or without added vibration, which could enhance peripheral blood flow and vascular response, or a 4-week RMT program could result in changes in pulse wave velocity (PWV), blood pressure (systolic, SBP; diastolic, DBP) and other markers of cardiovascular health. Methods Sixteen young and healthy participants (8 m/8f) performed 15 min of either continuous normocapnic hyperpnea (RMET), sprint-interval-type hyperpnea (RMSIT) or a control session (quiet sitting). Sessions were performed once with and once without passive vibration of the lower limbs. To assess training-induced adaptations, thirty-four young and healthy participants (17 m/17f) were measured before and after 4 weeks (three weekly sessions) of RMET (n = 13, 30-min sessions of normocapnic hyperpnea), RMSIT [n = 11, 6 × 1 min (1 min break) normocapnic hyperpnea with added resistance] or placebo (n = 10). Results SBP was elevated from baseline at 5 min after each RMT session, but returned to baseline levels after 15 min, whereas DBP was unchanged from baseline following RMT. Carotid-femoral PWV (PWVCF) was elevated at 5 and 15 min after RMT compared to baseline (main effect of time, P = 0.001), whereas no changes were seen for carotid-radial PWV (PWVCR) or the PWVCF/PWVCR ratio. Vibration had no effects in any of the interventions. Following the 4-week training period, no differences from the placebo group were seen for SBP (P = 0.686), DBP (P = 0.233), PWVCF (P = 0.844), PWVCR (P = 0.815) or the PWVCF/PWVCR ratio (P = 0.389). Discussion/Conclusion Although 15 min of RMT sessions elicited transient increases in PWVCF and SBP, no changes were detected following 4 weeks of either RMET or RMSIT. Adding passive vibration of the lower limbs during RMT sessions did not provide additional value to the session with regards to vascular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando G Beltrami
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Mzee
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christina M Spengler
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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Bisconti AV, Cè E, Longo S, Venturelli M, Coratella G, Limonta E, Doria C, Rampichini S, Esposito F. Evidence for improved systemic and local vascular function after long-term passive static stretching training of the musculoskeletal system. J Physiol 2020; 598:3645-3666. [PMID: 32613634 DOI: 10.1113/jp279866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Vascular function and arterial stiffness are important markers of cardiovascular health and cardiovascular co-morbidity. Transitional phases of hypoemia and hypermia, with consequent fluctuations in shear rate, occuring during repetitive passive stretching adminstration (passive stretching training) may constitute an effective stimulus to induce an amelioration in vascular function, arterial stiffness and vascular remodelling by improving central and local blood flow control mechanisms. Vascular function, arterial stiffness and vascular remodelling were evaluated before and after 12 weeks of passive stretching training and after 6 weeks from training cessation, in the femoral, popliteal (treated with stretching), and brachial arteries (untreated) of both sides. After passive stretching training, vascular function and arterial remodelling improved, and arterial stiffness decreased in all the arteries, suggesting modifications of both central and local blood flow control mechanisms. Passive stretching-induced improvements related to central mechanisms seemed to have a short duration, as they returned to pre-training baseline within 6 weeks from training cessation, whereas those more related to a local mechanism persisted in the follow-up. ABSTRACT Acute passive stretching (PS) effects on blood flow ( Q ̇ ), shear rate ( Y ̇ ), and vascular function in the feeding arteries of the stretched muscle have been extensively investigated; however, few data are available on vascular adjustments induced by long-term PS training. We investigated the effects of PS training on vascular function and stiffness of the involved (femoral and popliteal) and uninvolved (brachial) arteries. Our hypothesis was that PS-induced changes in Q ̇ and Y ̇ would improve central and local mechanisms of Q ̇ control. Thirty-nine participants were randomly assigned to bilateral PS (n = 14), monolateral PS (n = 13) or no PS training (n = 12). Vascular function was measured before and after 12 weeks of knee extensor and plantar flexor muscles' PS training by single passive limb movement and flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). Central (carotid-femoral artery PWV, PWVCF ) and peripheral (carotid-radial artery PWV, PWVCR ) arterial stiffness was measured by pulse-wave velocity (PWV), together with systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure. After PS training, increases of 30%, 25% and 8% (P < 0.05) in femoral Δ Q ̇ , popliteal and brachial artery FMD%, respectively, occurred in both PS training groups. A decrease in PWVCF , PWVCR , SBP and DBP (-25%, -17%, -4% and -8%, respectively; P < 0.05) was noted. No changes occurred in controls. Vascular function improved and arterial stiffness reduced in the arteries involved and uninvolved with PS training, suggesting modifications in both central and local Q ̇ control mechanisms. PS-induced improvements had a short duration in some of vascular function parameters, as they returned to baseline within 6 weeks of PS training cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Bisconti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Centre, Veterans Affairs Medical Centre, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - E Cè
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Via Riccardo Galeazzi, 4, Milan, 20161, Italy
| | - S Longo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M Venturelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - G Coratella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - E Limonta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - C Doria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - S Rampichini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - F Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Via Riccardo Galeazzi, 4, Milan, 20161, Italy
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9
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Gifford JR. Stretching-based vascular rehabilitation? it's not a stretch. J Physiol 2020; 598:3537-3538. [PMID: 32589259 DOI: 10.1113/jp280278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jayson R Gifford
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.,Program of Gerontology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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10
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Coratella G, Tornatore G, Longo S, Esposito F, Cè E. Specific prime movers' excitation during free-weight bench press variations and chest press machine in competitive bodybuilders. Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 20:571-579. [PMID: 31397215 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1655101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The current study compared the muscle excitation in free-weight bench press variations and chest press machine. Ten competitive bodybuilders were recruited. The EMG-RMS amplitude of clavicular and sternocostal head of pectoralis major, long head of triceps brachii and anterior and lateral deltoid was recorded while performing horizontal (BP), inclined (45°) (IBP) or declined (-15°) bench press (DBP) and chest press machine (CP). Four non-exhaustive repetitions were performed using 80% of 1-repetition maximum of each exercise. Both concentric and eccentric phases were recorded. During the concentric phase, [d effect size: 2.78/7.80] clavicular head was more excited in IBP and less excited in CP (d: -9.69/-4.39) compared to all other exercises. The sternocostal head was similarly excited in DBP vs. BP and BP vs. CP and more excited (d: 2.42/9.92) compared to IBP. Triceps brachii excitation was overall greater (d: 2.01/6.75) in BP and DBP compared to all other exercises. Anterior deltoid was less excited (d: 3.84/19.77) in DBP compared to all other exercises. Lateral deltoid excitation was greater (d: 0.96/3.10) in BP, IBP and DBP compared to CP. Muscle excitation during the eccentric phase followed a similar pattern, with the exception of the greater (d: 3.89/11.32) excitation in the clavicular head in BP compared to all other exercises. The present outcomes showed that the excitation of the clavicular and sternocostal head of pectoralis major depends on the bench inclination angle. The use of BP variations vs. CP allows overall greater triceps brachii and lateral deltoid excitation, due to the greater instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Coratella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Tornatore
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Longo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,IRCSS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Emiliano Cè
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,IRCSS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
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