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Wang X, Chen S, Wang X, Song Z, Wang Z, Niu X, Chen X, Chen X. Application of artificial hibernation technology in acute brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1940-1946. [PMID: 38227519 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.390968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Controlling intracranial pressure, nerve cell regeneration, and microenvironment regulation are the key issues in reducing mortality and disability in acute brain injury. There is currently a lack of effective treatment methods. Hibernation has the characteristics of low temperature, low metabolism, and hibernation rhythm, as well as protective effects on the nervous, cardiovascular, and motor systems. Artificial hibernation technology is a new technology that can effectively treat acute brain injury by altering the body's metabolism, lowering the body's core temperature, and allowing the body to enter a state similar to hibernation. This review introduces artificial hibernation technology, including mild hypothermia treatment technology, central nervous system regulation technology, and artificial hibernation-inducer technology. Upon summarizing the relevant research on artificial hibernation technology in acute brain injury, the research results show that artificial hibernation technology has neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and oxidative stress-resistance effects, indicating that it has therapeutic significance in acute brain injury. Furthermore, artificial hibernation technology can alleviate the damage of ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, and other diseases, providing new strategies for treating acute brain injury. However, artificial hibernation technology is currently in its infancy and has some complications, such as electrolyte imbalance and coagulation disorders, which limit its use. Further research is needed for its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoni Wang
- Graduate School of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shulian Chen
- Characteristic Medical Center of People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Characteristic Medical Center of People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Song
- Graduate School of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Graduate School of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaofei Niu
- Graduate School of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaochu Chen
- Characteristic Medical Center of People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuyi Chen
- Characteristic Medical Center of People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
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He Y, Wang HP, Pan FY, Xu SH, Gao YF. Plasticity changes in neuromuscular junction morphology and related regulatory proteins in the hibernating ground squirrel. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:1082-1091. [PMID: 37795532 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00334.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle disuse atrophy can cause degenerative changes in neuromuscular junction morphology. Although Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) are a natural anti-disuse animal model for studying muscle atrophy during hibernation, little is known about the morphological and regulatory mechanisms of their neuromuscular junctions. Here, we found that morphological indices of the soleus muscle were significantly lower during hibernation (torpor and interbout arousal) compared with pre-hibernation but recovered during post-hibernation. In the extensor digitorum longus muscle, neuromuscular junction morphology did not change significantly during hibernation. Agrin-Lrp4-MuSK is a key pathway for the formation and maintenance of the neuromuscular junction. Our results showed that low-density lipoprotein receptor-associated protein 4 (Lrp4) expression in the soleus (slow muscle) decreased by 46.2% in the interbout arousal group compared with the pre-hibernation group (P = 0.019), with recovery in the post-hibernation group. Compared with the pre-hibernation group, agrin expression in the extensor digitorum longus (fast muscle) increased by 67.0% in the interbout arousal group (P = 0.016). In conclusion, periodic up-regulation in agrin expression during interbout arousal may be involved in the maintenance of neuromuscular junction morphology in the extensor digitorum longus muscle during hibernation. The degenerative changes in neuromuscular junction morphology and the periodic decrease in Lrp4 protein expression in the soleus during hibernation, these changes recovered to the pre-hibernation levels in the post-hibernation group, exhibiting significant plasticity. This plasticity may be one of the important mechanisms for resisting disuse atrophy in hibernating animals.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to explore the neuromuscular junction morphology of slow- and fast-twitch muscles in Daurian ground squirrels during different periods of hibernation. Results showed that the neuromuscular junction maintained stable morphology in the extensor digitorum longus muscle. The degenerative changes in neuromuscular junction morphology and the periodic decrease in Lrp4 protein expression in the soleus muscle during hibernation recovered in post-hibernation, exhibiting significant plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ping Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Yang Pan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen-Hui Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Fang Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Synergistic effects of curcumin and gamma-oryzanol solid dispersions ameliorate muscle atrophy by upregulating Nrf2 and IGF1/Insulin-Akt-mTOR activities in middle-aged rats. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ahmad T, Ishaq M, Karpiniec S, Park A, Stringer D, Singh N, Ratanpaul V, Wolfswinkel K, Fitton H, Caruso V, Eri R. Oral Macrocystis pyrifera Fucoidan Administration Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties and Improves DSS-Induced Colitis in C57BL/6J Mice. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2383. [PMID: 36365201 PMCID: PMC9693024 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex and multifactorial disorder characterised by relapsing and remitting inflammation of the intestinal tract. Oxidative stress (OS) is the result of an imbalance between production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which has been associated with inflammatory responses and implicated in the exacerbation of IBD. Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide from brown seaweed, is a well-known anti-inflammatory agent and emerging evidence indicates that fucoidan extracts from Macrocystis pyrifera (MPF and DP-MPF) may also modulate oxidative stress. This study investigated the impact of fucoidan extracts, MPF and DP-MPF in a dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced mouse model of acute colitis. 3% DSS was administered in C57BL/6J male mice over a period of 7 days, and MPF and DP-MPF were co-administered orally at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight. Our results indicated that MPF and DP-MPF significantly prevented body weight loss, improved the disease activity index (DAI), restored colon lengths, reduced the wet colon weight, reduced spleen enlargement, and improved the overall histopathological score. Consistent with the reported anti-inflammatory functions, fucoidan extracts, MPF and DP-MPF significantly reduced the colonic levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). In addition, MPF and DP-MPF significantly inhibited levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in colon-derived tissues. Collectively, our results indicate that MPF and DP-MPF exhibited anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects representing a promising therapeutic strategy for the cure of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tauseef Ahmad
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Newnham, TAS 7248, Australia
| | - Muhammad Ishaq
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | | | - Ahyoung Park
- Marinova Pty Ltd., Cambridge, TAS 7170, Australia
| | | | - Neeraj Singh
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Newnham, TAS 7248, Australia
| | - Vishal Ratanpaul
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Plenty Road, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Karen Wolfswinkel
- Department of Pathology, Launceston General Hospital (LGH), Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
| | | | - Vanni Caruso
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- Istituto di Formazione e Ricerca in Scienze Algologiche (ISAL), Torre Pedrera, 47922 Rimini, Italy
| | - Rajaraman Eri
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Newnham, TAS 7248, Australia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Plenty Road, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
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Han Y, Miao W, Hao Z, An N, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Chen J, Storey KB, Lefai E, Chang H. The Protective Effects on Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury Mechanisms of the Thoracic Aorta in Daurian Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) over the Torpor–Arousal Cycle of Hibernation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810248. [PMID: 36142152 PMCID: PMC9499360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hibernators are a natural model of vascular ischemia–reperfusion injury; however, the protective mechanisms involved in dealing with such an injury over the torpor–arousal cycle are unclear. The present study aimed to clarify the changes in the thoracic aorta and serum in summer-active (SA), late-torpor (LT) and interbout-arousal (IBA) Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus). The results show that total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was unchanged, but malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) were significantly increased for the LT group, whereas the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were significantly reduced in the LT group as compared with the SA group. Moreover, the levels of MDA and IL-1β were significantly reduced, whereas SOD and IL-10 were significantly increased in the IBA group as compared with the SA group. In addition, the lumen area of the thoracic aorta and the expression of the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) contractile marker protein 22α (SM22α) were significantly reduced, whereas the protein expression of the synthetic marker proteins osteopontin (OPN), vimentin (VIM) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were significantly increased in the LT group as compared with the SA group. Furthermore, the smooth muscle layer of the thoracic aorta was significantly thickened, and PCNA protein expression was significantly reduced in the IBA group as compared with the SA group. The contractile marker proteins SM22α and synthetic marker protein VIM underwent significant localization changes in both LT and IBA groups, with localization of the contractile marker protein α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) changing only in the IBA group as compared with the SA group. In tunica intima, the serum levels of heparin sulfate (HS) and syndecan-1 (Sy-1) in the LT group were significantly reduced, but the serum level of HS in the IBA group increased significantly as compared with the SA group. Protein expression and localization of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was unchanged in the three groups. In summary, the decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory factors and increase in SOD and anti-inflammatory factors during the IBA period induced controlled phenotypic switching of thoracic aortic SMCs and restoration of endothelial permeability to resist ischemic and hypoxic injury during torpor of Daurian ground squirrels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Han
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Weilan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Ziwei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Ning An
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Yingyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Ziwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Kenneth B. Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Etienne Lefai
- INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 1019, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hui Chang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
- Correspondence:
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Hyams Y, Panov J, Rosner A, Brodsky L, Rinkevich Y, Rinkevich B. Transcriptome landscapes that signify Botrylloides leachi (Ascidiacea) torpor states. Dev Biol 2022; 490:22-36. [PMID: 35809632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Harsh environments enforce the expression of behavioural, morphological, physiological, and reproductive rejoinders, including torpor. Here we study the morphological, cellular, and molecular alterations in torpor architype in the colonial urochordate Botrylloides aff. leachii by employing whole organism Transmission electron (TEM) and light microscope observations, RNA sequencing, real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) quantification of selected genes, and immunolocalization of WNT, SMAD and SOX2 gene expressions. On the morphological level, torpor starts with gradual regression of all zooids and buds which leaves the colony surviving as condensed vasculature remnants that may be 'aroused' to regenerate fully functional colonies upon changes in the environment. Simultaneously, we observed altered distributions of hemolymph cell types. Phagocytes doubled in number, while the number of morula cells declined by half. In addition, two new circulating cell types were observed, multi-nucleated and bacteria-bearing cells. RNA sequencing technology revealed marked differences in gene expression between different organism compartments and states: active zooids and ampullae, and between mid-torpor and naive colonies, or naive and torpid colonies. Gene Ontology term enrichment analyses further showed disparate biological processes. In torpid colonies, we observed overall 233 up regulated genes. These genes included NR4A2, EGR1, MUC5AC, HMCN2 and. Also, 27 transcription factors were upregulated in torpid colonies including ELK1, HDAC3, RBMX, MAZ, STAT1, STAT4 and STAT6. Interestingly, genes involved in developmental processes such as SPIRE1, RHOA, SOX11, WNT5A and SNX18 were also upregulated in torpid colonies. We further validated the dysregulation of 22 genes during torpor by utilizing qPCR. Immunohistochemistry of representative genes from three signaling pathways revealed high expression of these genes in circulated cells along torpor. WNT agonist administration resulted in early arousal from torpor in 80% of the torpid colonies while in active colonies WNT agonist triggered the torpor state. Abovementioned results thus connote unique transcriptome landscapes associated with Botrylloides leachii torpor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Hyams
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 9753, Tel Shikmona, Haifa, 3109701, Israel; Marine Biology Department, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, 31905, Israel.
| | - Julia Panov
- Tauber Bioinformatics Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, 31905, Israel; Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Amalia Rosner
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 9753, Tel Shikmona, Haifa, 3109701, Israel
| | - Leonid Brodsky
- Tauber Bioinformatics Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, 31905, Israel
| | - Yuval Rinkevich
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Baruch Rinkevich
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 9753, Tel Shikmona, Haifa, 3109701, Israel
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DeMoranville KJ, Carter WA, Pierce BJ, McWilliams SR. Flight and dietary antioxidants influence antioxidant expression and activity in a migratory bird. Integr Org Biol 2021; 4:obab035. [PMID: 35112051 PMCID: PMC8802218 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecologically relevant factors such as exercise and diet quality can directly influence how physiological systems work including those involved in maintaining oxidative balance; however, to our knowledge, no studies to date have focused on how such factors directly affect expression of key components of the endogenous antioxidant system (i.e., transcription factors, select antioxidant genes, and corresponding antioxidant enzymes) in several metabolically active tissues of a migratory songbird. We conducted a three-factor experiment that tested the following hypotheses: (H1) Daily flying over several weeks increases the expression of transcription factors NRF2 and PPARs as well as endogenous antioxidant genes (i.e., CAT, SOD1, SOD2, GPX1, GPX4), and upregulates endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities (i.e., CAT, SOD, GPx). (H2) Songbirds fed diets composed of more 18:2n-6 PUFA are more susceptible to oxidative damage and thus upregulate their endogenous antioxidant system compared with when fed diets with less PUFA. (H3) Songbirds fed dietary anthocyanins gain additional antioxidant protection and thus upregulate their endogenous antioxidant system less compared with songbirds not fed anthocyanins. Flight training increased the expression of 3 of the 6 antioxidant genes and transcription factors measured in the liver, consistent with H1, but for only one gene (SOD2) in the pectoralis. Dietary fat quality had no effect on antioxidant pathways (H2), whereas dietary anthocyanins increased the expression of select antioxidant enzymes in the pectoralis, but not in the liver (H3). These tissue-specific differences in response to flying and dietary antioxidants are likely explained by functional differences between tissues as well as fundamental differences in their turnover rates. The consumption of dietary antioxidants along with regular flying enables birds during migration to stimulate the expression of genes involved in antioxidant protection likely through increasing the transcriptional activity of NRF2 and PPARs, and thereby demonstrates for the first time that these relevant ecological factors affect the regulation of key antioxidant pathways in wild birds. What remains to be demonstrated is how the extent of these ecological factors (i.e., intensity or duration of flight, amounts of dietary antioxidants) influences the regulation of these antioxidant pathways and thus oxidative balance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wales A Carter
- Dept. of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston RI 02881
| | | | - Scott R McWilliams
- Dept. of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston RI 02881
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Hayashi T, Kudo T, Fujita R, Fujita SI, Tsubouchi H, Fuseya S, Suzuki R, Hamada M, Okada R, Muratani M, Shiba D, Suzuki T, Warabi E, Yamamoto M, Takahashi S. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) deficiency accelerates fast fibre type transition in soleus muscle during space flight. Commun Biol 2021; 4:787. [PMID: 34168270 PMCID: PMC8225765 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microgravity induces skeletal muscle atrophy, particularly in the soleus muscle, which is predominantly composed of slow-twitch myofibre (type I) and is sensitive to disuse. Muscle atrophy is commonly known to be associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species. However, the role of NRF2, a master regulator of antioxidative response, in skeletal muscle plasticity during microgravity-induced atrophy, is not known. To investigate the role of NRF2 in skeletal muscle within a microgravity environment, wild-type and Nrf2-knockout (KO) mice were housed in the International Space Station for 31 days. Gene expression and histological analyses demonstrated that, under microgravity conditions, the transition of type I (oxidative) muscle fibres to type IIa (glycolytic) was accelerated in Nrf2-KO mice without affecting skeletal muscle mass. Therefore, our results suggest that NRF2 affects myofibre type transition during space flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Hayashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, and Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Kudo
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, and Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Ryo Fujita
- Divsion of Regenerative Medicine, Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Fujita
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Genome Biology, Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hirona Tsubouchi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, and Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sayaka Fuseya
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, and Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Riku Suzuki
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, and Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Michito Hamada
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, and Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Risa Okada
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, JAXA, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masafumi Muratani
- Department of Genome Biology, Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Dai Shiba
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, JAXA, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suzuki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Eiji Warabi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, and Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, and Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Zhang J, Chang H, Yin R, Xu S, Wang H, Gao Y. A temporal study on musculoskeletal morphology and metabolism in hibernating Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus). Bone 2021; 144:115826. [PMID: 33348129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hibernators provide a natural model to study the mechanisms underlying the prevention of disuse-induced musculoskeletal deterioration. Currently, however, these mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated changes in morphology and metabolic indices in the hindlimb skeletal muscle and bone of Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) during different periods of hibernation, and further explored the possible mechanisms involved in the musculoskeletal maintenance of hibernators after prolonged inactivity. Results showed that, compared with levels in the summer active group (SA), almost all morphological indices of skeletal muscle and bone, including muscle mass, muscle fiber cross-sectional area, bone mass, bone length, and bone mechanical properties, were unchanged in the different periods of hibernation. Only a few microstructural parameters of bone showed deterioration in the post-hibernation group (POST), including increased specific bone surface (+71%), decreased trabecular thickness (-43%), and decreased average cortical thickness (-51%) in the tibia, and increased trabecular separation (+60%) in the femur. Furthermore, most examined metabolic indices involved in muscle protein turnover and bone remodeling were unchanged, except for several indices in the inter-bout arousal group (IBA), i.e., increase in the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) (IBA vs. SA, +80%) in the vastus medialis muscle, increase in chymotrypsin-like activity (IBA vs. SA, +62%) in the tibialis anterior muscle, increase in osteoblast number (IBA vs. SA, +110%; IBA vs. torpor (TOR), +68%) and osteoclast number (IBA vs. TOR, +105%) per bone surface in the tibia, and increase in osteoclast surface per bone surface (IBA vs. TOR, +128%) in the femur. The above evidence demonstrates that the musculoskeletal morphology of squirrels was largely preserved, and musculoskeletal metabolism was generally maintained after prolonged hibernation inactivity. These findings suggest that the well-maintained musculoskeletal metabolism may be a vital mechanism underlying the preservation of the musculoskeletal system during hibernation. The coincident up-regulation of several metabolic indicators during IBA indicates that musculoskeletal metabolism may be relatively active during this period; however, its role in musculoskeletal maintenance during hibernation needs further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Hui Chang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Rongrong Yin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Shenhui Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yunfang Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, China.
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Shen-Hui X, Fu WW, Zhang J, Wang HP, Dang K, Chang H, Gao YF. Different fuel regulation in two types of myofiber results in different antioxidant strategies in Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) during hibernation. J Exp Biol 2020:jeb.231639. [PMID: 34005794 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.231639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that different skeletal muscles in Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) possess different antioxidant strategies during hibernation; however, the reason for these varied strategies remains unclear. To clarify this issue, we studied REDD1, FOXO4, PGC-1α, FOXO1, and atrogin-1 proteins to determine the potential cause of the different antioxidant strategies in Daurian ground squirrels during hibernation, and to clarify whether different strategies affect atrophy-related signals. Results showed that the soleus (SOL) muscle experienced intracellular hypoxia during interbout arousal, but no oxidative stress. This may be due to increased PGC-1α expression enhancing antioxidant capacity in the SOL under hypoxic conditions. Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle showed no change in oxidative stress, hypoxia, or antioxidant capacity during hibernation. The FOXO1 and PGC-1α results strongly suggested differentially regulated fuel metabolism in the SOL and EDL muscles during hibernation, i.e., enhanced lipid oxidation and maintained anaerobic glycolysis, respectively. Atrogin-1 expression did not increase during hibernation in either the SOL or EDL, indicating that protein synthesis was not inhibited by atrogin-1. Thus, our results suggest that different fuel regulation may be one mechanism related to antioxidant defense strategy formation in different kinds of skeletal muscle fibers of Daurian ground squirrels during hibernation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Shen-Hui
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Wei-Wei Fu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi'an Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Hui-Ping Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Kai Dang
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Chang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yun-Fang Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710069, China
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