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Fischer KS, Henn D, Zhao ET, Sivaraj D, Litmanovich B, Hahn WW, Hostler AC, Mojadidi SM, Gonzalez J, Knochel AB, Mora Pinos MG, Holley J, Kussie H, Granoski M, Yasmeh JP, Kneser U, Chen K, Gurtner GC. Elevated Shear Stress Modulates Heterogenous Cellular Subpopulations to Induce Vascular Remodeling. Tissue Eng Part A 2024. [PMID: 38753711 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Elevated shear stress (ESS) induces vascular remodeling in veins exposed to arterial blood flow, which can lead to arteriovenous (AV) fistula failure. The molecular mechanisms driving remodeling have not been comprehensively examined with a single-cell resolution before. Objective: Using an in vivo animal mode, single-cell RNA sequencing, and histopathology, we precisely manipulate blood flow to comprehensively characterize all cell subpopulations important during vascular remodeling. Methods: AV loops were created in saphenous vessels of rats using a contralateral saphenous vein interposition graft to promote ESS. Saphenous veins with no elevated shear stress (NSS) were anastomosed as controls. Findings: ESS promoted transcriptional homogeneity, and NSS promoted considerable heterogeneity. Specifically, ESS endothelial cells (ECs) showed a more homogeneous transcriptional response promoting angiogenesis and upregulating endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition inhibiting genes (Klf2). NSS ECs upregulated antiproliferation genes such as Cav1, Cst3, and Btg1. In macrophages, ESS promoted a large homogeneous subpopulation, creating a mechanically activated, proinflammatory and thus proangiogenic myeloid phenotype, whereas NSS myeloid cells expressed the anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenetic marker Mrc1. Conclusion: ESS activates unified gene expression profiles to induce adaption of the vessel wall to hemodynamic alterations. Targeted depletion of the identified cellular subpopulations may lead to novel therapies to prevent excessive venous remodeling, intimal hyperplasia, and AV fistula failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina S Fischer
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand surgery, BG Trauma Clinic Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominic Henn
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Eric T Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Dharshan Sivaraj
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ben Litmanovich
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - William W Hahn
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Andrew C Hostler
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Javier Gonzalez
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Amelia B Knochel
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Jared Holley
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Hudson Kussie
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Maia Granoski
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Ulrich Kneser
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand surgery, BG Trauma Clinic Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kellen Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Geoffrey C Gurtner
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Wang M, Lv C, Zhang Y, Liu K, Yan X, Liu L, Zheng Y, Guo X. Analysis and recognition of post-exercise cardiac state based on heart sound features and cardiac troponin I. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:2461-2471. [PMID: 37294516 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05245-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Excessive intensity exercises can bring irreversible damage to the heart. We explore whether heart sounds can evaluate cardiac function after high-intensity exercise and hope to prevent overtraining through the changes of heart sound in future training. METHODS The study population consisted of 25 male athletes and 24 female athletes. All subjects were healthy and had no history of cardiovascular disease or family history of cardiovascular disease. The subjects were required to do high-intensity exercise for 3 days, with their blood sample and heart sound (HS) signals being collected and analysed before and after exercise. We then developed a Kernel extreme learning machine (KELM) model that can distinguish the state of heart by using the pre- and post-exercise data. RESULTS There was no significant change in serum cardiac troponin I after 3 days of load cross-country running, which indicates that there was no myocardial injury after the race. The statistical analysis of time-domain characteristics and multi-fractal characteristic parameters of HS showed that the cardiac reserve capacity of the subjects was enhanced after the cross-country running, and the KELM is an effective classifier to recognize HS and the state of the heart after exercise. CONCLUSION Through the results, we can draw the conclusion that this intensity of exercise will not cause profound damage to the athlete's heart. The findings of this study are of great significance for evaluating the condition of the heart with the proposed index of heart sound and prevention of excessive training that causes damage to the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheology Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Chengcong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biorheology Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheology Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Communications Sergeant School, Army Engineering University of PLA, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiaobo Yan
- College of Physical Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Leichu Liu
- College of Physical Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yineng Zheng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xingming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheology Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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Conesa-Milian E, Cirer-Sastre R, Hernández-González V, Legaz-Arrese A, Corbi F, Reverter-Masia J. Cardiac Troponin Release after Exercise in Healthy Young Athletes: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2342. [PMID: 37628539 PMCID: PMC10454241 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11162342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac troponin (cTn) is a recognized marker used to assess damage to the heart muscle. Actual research has indicated that the levels of cTn increase after doing exercise in individuals who are in good health, and this is believed to be a result of a normal cellular process rather than a pathological one. The main goal of this study was to investigate the evidence of a postexercise release of cTn in child and adolescent athletes (6-17.9 years old) of different ages, sex, and sports disciplines. The Web of Science, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases were used to conduct the research up to March 2023. Three hundred and twenty-eight records were identified from the databases, however, only twenty-three studies were included in the review after being screened and quality-assessed by two independent authors. The gender, age of the participants, maturational status, and training level of the participants, the timing of sample collection, the exercise modality, and the number of participants with values above the cut-off reference were the data analyzed. Males, older young people, and individual sports seemed to have higher levels of serum cTn after practice exercise. Different methodologies, analyzers, and cut-off reference values make it difficult to compare the data among studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Conesa-Milian
- Department of Education Science, Faculty of Education, Psychology and Social Work, University of Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain; (V.H.-G.); (J.R.-M.)
- Consolidated Research Group Human Movement Generalitat de Catalunya, University of Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain; (R.C.-S.); (A.L.-A.); (F.C.)
| | - Rafel Cirer-Sastre
- Consolidated Research Group Human Movement Generalitat de Catalunya, University of Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain; (R.C.-S.); (A.L.-A.); (F.C.)
- National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Lleida, 25192 Lleida, Spain
| | - Vicenç Hernández-González
- Department of Education Science, Faculty of Education, Psychology and Social Work, University of Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain; (V.H.-G.); (J.R.-M.)
- Consolidated Research Group Human Movement Generalitat de Catalunya, University of Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain; (R.C.-S.); (A.L.-A.); (F.C.)
| | - Alejandro Legaz-Arrese
- Consolidated Research Group Human Movement Generalitat de Catalunya, University of Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain; (R.C.-S.); (A.L.-A.); (F.C.)
- National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Lleida, 25192 Lleida, Spain
- Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisco Corbi
- Consolidated Research Group Human Movement Generalitat de Catalunya, University of Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain; (R.C.-S.); (A.L.-A.); (F.C.)
- National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Lleida, 25192 Lleida, Spain
| | - Joaquin Reverter-Masia
- Department of Education Science, Faculty of Education, Psychology and Social Work, University of Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain; (V.H.-G.); (J.R.-M.)
- Consolidated Research Group Human Movement Generalitat de Catalunya, University of Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain; (R.C.-S.); (A.L.-A.); (F.C.)
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Birat A, Ratel S, Dodu A, Grossoeuvre C, Dupont AC, Rance M, Morel C, Nottin S. A long duration race induces a decrease of left ventricular strains, twisting mechanics and myocardial work in trained adolescents. Eur J Sport Sci 2022:1-11. [PMID: 35757854 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2093131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the acute cardiac consequences of a long-duration (>5 h) adventure race in adolescent athletes from evaluations of left ventricular (LV) strains and myocardial work. METHODS Twenty trained male adolescents (i.e. 8 ± 4 hours/week of endurance sports) aged 14 to 17 years participated in a competitive long-duration adventure race. Blood samples were collected before, immediately and 24 h after the race to determine the time course of troponin I (cTnI) considered as a myocardial damage biomarker. Resting echocardiography were conducted before and after the race to assess myocardial regional strains, LV twisting mechanics and myocardial work using speckle tracking echocardiography. RESULTS The mean completion time of the race was 05:38 ± 00:20 h, with a mean heart rate (HR) of 83 ± 5% of maximal HR. cTnI concentration significantly increased in 16/20 participants after the race (pre: 0.001 ± 0.002 vs. post: 0.244 ± 0.203 ng·dL-1, p < 0.001) and returned to baseline within 24 h. Stroke volume, ejection fraction and global longitudinal strains remained unchanged after the race while LV twist and global myocardial work significantly decreased (8.6 ± 3.3 vs. 6.3 ± 3.3 deg and 2080 ± 250 vs. 1781 ± 334 mmHg%, p < 0.05). Diastolic function, indexes of myocardial relaxation and LV untwisting rate (-91.0 ± 19.0 vs. -56.4 ± 29.1 deg·s-1, p < 0.001) were affected after the race. CONCLUSION We demonstrated for the first time that, in trained adolescents, a high-intensity endurance exercise of several hours induced an increase of the cTnI concentration associated with an alteration of myocardial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Birat
- EA3533 AME2P, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France.,Fédération Française Triathlon, Saint Denis 93210, France
| | - Sébastien Ratel
- EA3533 AME2P, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Alexandre Dodu
- Fédération Française Triathlon, Saint Denis 93210, France
| | | | - Anne-Charlotte Dupont
- Fédération Française Triathlon, Saint Denis 93210, France.,U1254 INSERM, Imagerie Adaptative Diagnostique et Interventionnelle (ADI), Université de Lorraine, Nancy 54510, France
| | - Mélanie Rance
- Centre de Ressources et d'Expertise de la Performance Sportive (CREPS), Bellerive-sur-Allier 03700, France
| | - Claire Morel
- Centre de Ressources et d'Expertise de la Performance Sportive (CREPS), Bellerive-sur-Allier 03700, France
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Stavroulakis G, Methenitis S, Koutroulis G, Xanthis D, Cherouveim E, Kroupis C, Anastasiadis G, Ketselidi K, Vlachopoulou E, Tsolakis C, Koulouvaris P. Exploring the predictors and prognostic significance of exercise-induced cardiac troponin release in master athletes following a 28km mountain race. The Vamvakou Research Project. Biomarkers 2022; 27:418-426. [PMID: 35383512 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2062449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ιntroduction. Etiology and significance of exercise-induced troponin release remains a contentious issue. We investigated the effect of a 28km mountain run on cardiac troponin I (cTnI), in relation to training, performance, nutritional, biochemical and echocardiography variables, in a group of 25 recreational male master athletes.Μaterial and methods. A comprehensive list of variables related with nutrition, training, performance and echocardiography, was collected pre- and post-race. Twenty four months later, outcomes regarding cardiovascular events was obtained.Results. Serum cTnI values were increased after the race, with mean values rising from 7.2 ± 2.2 (before) to 80.0 ± 33.2ng/L (post race), (p < 0.001) and 23/25(92%) exceeding Upper Reference limit (50ng/L). Echocardiography did not reveal significant alterations, or correlations with cTnI values. The % difference in hs-cTnI concentrations pre- and post race correlated positively with age, race-induced changes of selected muscle damage indices, resistance training volume, and negatively with endurance capacity and training volume (r: -0.727 to 0.725, p < 0.05). All athletes reported no cardiovascular event during the 24 month period post race.Conclusion. cTnI elevation induced by a 28km mountain running race was not correlated with echocardiographic, nutritional parameters and was less pronounced in athletes with larger endurance training history, in contrast with resistance training and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Stavroulakis
- Sports Excellence, 1st Orthopedics Department, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.,Division of Cardiology, Hygeias Melathron, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Methenitis
- Sports Excellence, 1st Orthopedics Department, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.,Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education & Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Eugenia Cherouveim
- Sports Excellence, 1st Orthopedics Department, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.,Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education & Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Kroupis
- Sports Excellence, 1st Orthopedics Department, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | | | - Kleopatra Ketselidi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science & Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Greece
| | - Elpiniki Vlachopoulou
- Department of Nutrition Sciences and Dietology, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charilaos Tsolakis
- Sports Excellence, 1st Orthopedics Department, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.,Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education & Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Koulouvaris
- Sports Excellence, 1st Orthopedics Department, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
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Asiedu-Gyekye IJ, Arhin E, Arthur SA, N'guessan BB, Amponsah SK. Genotoxicity, nitric oxide level modulation and cardio-protective potential of Kalanchoe Integra Var. Crenata (Andr.) Cuf Leaves in murine models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114640. [PMID: 34606947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Advancement in cancer therapy has improved survival among patients. However, use of anticancer drugs like anthracyclines (e.g., doxorubicin) is not without adverse effects. Notable among adverse effects of doxorubicin (DOX) is cardiotoxicity, which ranges from mild transient blood pressure changes to potentially serious heart failure. Anecdotal reports suggest that Kalanchoe integra (KI) may have cardio-protective potential. AIMS OF THE STUDY This study sought to determine the cardio-protective potential of KI against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and also examined any possible genotoxic potential of KI in selected organs. Additionally, the nitric oxide modulatory potential of KI was assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The leaves of KI were collected, air-dried, pulverised and extracted using 70% ethanol. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprinting was done for KI. Also, the single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (Comet assay) was employed to ascertain the genotoxic potential of KI. In assessment of cardio-protective potential of KI against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, a total of 42 female Sprague-Dawley rats were put into 7 groups (n = 6). Group I: vehicle control, received normal saline (1 mL/kg p.o) for 30 days. Group II: toxic control, received DOX (20 mg/kg i.p.) once on the 29th day. Group III: KI control, received KI (300 mg/kg p.o) for 30 days. Group IV: vitamin E control, received vitamin E (100 mg/kg p.o) for 30 days. Group V: KI treated-1, received KI (300 mg/kg p.o) for 30 days and DOX (20 mg/kg i.p) on the 29th day. Group VI: KI treated-2, received KI (600 mg/kg p.o) for 30 days and DOX (20 mg/kg i.p) on the 29th day. Group VII: vitamin E treated, received vitamin E (100 mg/kg p.o) for 30 days and DOX (20 mg/kg i.p) on the 29th day. Thirty-six (36) hours after last administration, rats were sacrificed. Blood samples were taken via cardiac puncture to determine levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), enzymatic antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Nitric oxide level was also determined. Hearts of rats in each group were excised and taken through histopathological examination. RESULTS In the HPLC fingerprint analysis, 13 peaks were identified, and peak with retention time of 24.0 min had the highest peak area (3.223 x104 mAU). Comet assay showed that the KI extract was non-genotoxic. Pretreatment with KI protected rats against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity as evidenced by the low levels of AST, ALT, ALP, CK and LDH compared with the controls (p < 0.05). SOD, CAT and GPX levels were also high for rats administered KI extracts, further showing that KI protected rats against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. KI also inhibited nitric oxide levels at 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg effective doses. Histological examination revealed that rats pretreated with KI showed no signs of abnormal myocardial fibres (shape, size and configuration). CONCLUSION Ethanolic (70%) leaf extract of KI showed no genotoxic potential and possessed cardioprotective effects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats. KI also inhibited nitric oxide production, thus, a potential nitric oxide scavenger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Julius Asiedu-Gyekye
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, PO Box LG 43 Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Emmanuel Arhin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, PO Box LG 43 Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Stella Amaaba Arthur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, PO Box LG 43 Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Benoit Banga N'guessan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, PO Box LG 43 Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Seth Kwabena Amponsah
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana.
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Neuromuscular Fatigue After Long-Duration Adventure Racing in Adolescent Athletes. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2021; 33:103-111. [PMID: 33958502 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2020-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the acute effects of a long-duration adventure race on knee extensor (KE) fatigue and the knee functional ratio in adolescent athletes. METHODS Twenty trained male adolescents (aged 14-17 y) performed an adventure race of 68.5 km. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) KE and knee flexor torques were measured before and immediately after the race. Central and peripheral components of neuromuscular fatigue were quantified from the maximal voluntary activation level and the doublet peak torque (Tw100), respectively. The peak eccentric knee flexor torque to concentric KE torque ratio was also measured to determine functional ratio. RESULTS The race completion time was 05:38 (00:20) hours. Significant reductions in MVICKE (-14.7%, P < .001) and MVICKF (-17.0%, P < .01) were observed after the race. Voluntary activation level decreased by 8.3% (P < .001) while Tw100 remained unchanged. Peak eccentric knee flexor torque decreased 16.0% (P < .001) while peak concentric KE torque did not change. This resulted in a significant reduction in functional ratio (-12.0%, P < .01). CONCLUSION The adventure race induced a moderate fatigue, which was mainly explained by central factors without significant peripheral fatigue. However, particular attention should be paid to the knee muscular imbalance incurred by the race, which could increase the risk of ligament injury in adolescent athletes.
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Li P, Zhang Y, Li L, Chen Y, Li Z, Liu S, Hua S. Assessment of left ventricular systolic function by non-invasive pressure-strain loop area in young male strength athletes. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2020; 18:45. [PMID: 33187514 PMCID: PMC7666446 DOI: 10.1186/s12947-020-00227-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The health of athletes has been recognized as a worldwide public concern with more reported sudden cardiac deaths (SCD). Therefore, early detection of abnormal heart function in athletes can help reduce the risk of exercise. A novel valid non-invasive method to evaluate left ventricular (LV) myocardial work (MW) using LV pressure-strain loop (PSL), was used in this paper to explore LV systolic function in young male strength athletes. Methods Thirty-six professional young male strength athletes (the athlete group) and 32 healthy, age-matched young men (the control group) were involved in the study. The LVMW parameters were calculated as the area of PSL by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) and peak systolic LV pressure. The differences between two groups of data and the predictive efficacy of MW parameters for LV systolic function were analyzed. Results The athlete group had significantly higher values of global wasted myocardial work (GWW) and peak strain dispersion (PSD) than did the control group (P<0.05). Global myocardial work index (GWI), global constructive myocardial work (GCW) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) were lower in the athlete group than that in the control group, although statistical significance was not reached (P>0.05). Due to the proportion of GWW and GCW, statistically significant reduction was found in global myocardial work efficiency (GWE) in the athlete group. Conventional echocardiography parameters were well correlated with GWW and GWE (P<0.05). The best predictor of LV myocardial contractile performance in the athletes using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was GWE, with the area under ROC (AUC) of 0.733, sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 59.4%. Conclusions Subclinical changes have appeared in the hearts of young male strength athletes after long-term intensive exercise and LVMW parameters by PSL play an important role in the evaluation of athlete’s LV contractile performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengge Li
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yonggao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Lijin Li
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yingchun Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Songyan Liu
- GE Healthcare Ultrasound Clinic Education Team, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Shaohua Hua
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
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