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Plaza-Briceño W, Velásquez VB, Silva-Olivares F, Ceballo K, Céspedes R, Jorquera G, Cruz G, Martínez-Pinto J, Bonansco C, Sotomayor-Zárate R. Chronic Exposure to High Fat Diet Affects the Synaptic Transmission That Regulates the Dopamine Release in the Nucleus Accumbens of Adolescent Male Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054703. [PMID: 36902133 PMCID: PMC10003643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a pandemic caused by many factors, including a chronic excess in hypercaloric and high-palatable food intake. In addition, the global prevalence of obesity has increased in all age categories, such as children, adolescents, and adults. However, at the neurobiological level, how neural circuits regulate the hedonic consumption of food intake and how the reward circuit is modified under hypercaloric diet consumption are still being unraveled. We aimed to determine the molecular and functional changes of dopaminergic and glutamatergic modulation of nucleus accumbens (NAcc) in male rats exposed to chronic consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a chow diet or HFD from postnatal day (PND) 21 to 62, increasing obesity markers. In addition, in HFD rats, the frequency but not amplitude of the spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current is increased in NAcc medium spiny neurons (MSNs). Moreover, only MSNs expressing dopamine (DA) receptor type 2 (D2) increase the amplitude and glutamate release in response to amphetamine, downregulating the indirect pathway. Furthermore, NAcc gene expression of inflammasome components is increased by chronic exposure to HFD. At the neurochemical level, DOPAC content and tonic dopamine (DA) release are reduced in NAcc, while phasic DA release is increased in HFD-fed rats. In conclusion, our model of childhood and adolescent obesity functionally affects the NAcc, a brain nucleus involved in the hedonic control of feeding, which might trigger addictive-like behaviors for obesogenic foods and, through positive feedback, maintain the obese phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wladimir Plaza-Briceño
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Neurociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Victoria B. Velásquez
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Neurociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Francisco Silva-Olivares
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Neurociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de las Américas, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile
| | - Karina Ceballo
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Neurociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Ricardo Céspedes
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Neurociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Jorquera
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Cruz
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Jonathan Martínez-Pinto
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Christian Bonansco
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (R.S.-Z.)
| | - Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (R.S.-Z.)
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Martín M, Rodríguez A, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Ramírez B, Becerril S, Catalán V, López M, Diéguez C, Frühbeck G, Burrell MA. Caloric Restriction Prevents Metabolic Dysfunction and the Changes in Hypothalamic Neuropeptides Associated with Obesity Independently of Dietary Fat Content in Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072128. [PMID: 34206176 PMCID: PMC8308389 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy restriction is a first therapy in the treatment of obesity, but the underlying biological mechanisms have not been completely clarified. We analyzed the effects of restriction of high-fat diet (HFD) on weight loss, circulating gut hormone levels and expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides. Ten-week-old male Wistar rats (n = 40) were randomly distributed into four groups: two fed ad libitum a normal diet (ND) (N group) or a HFD (H group) and two subjected to a 25% caloric restriction of ND (NR group) or HFD (HR group) for 9 weeks. A 25% restriction of HFD over 9 weeks leads to a 36% weight loss with regard to the group fed HFD ad libitum accompanied by normal values in adiposity index and food efficiency ratio (FER). This restriction also carried the normalization of NPY, AgRP and POMC hypothalamic mRNA expression, without changes in CART. Caloric restriction did not succeed in improving glucose homeostasis but reduced HFD-induced hyperinsulinemia. In conclusion, 25% restriction of HFD reduced adiposity and improved metabolism in experimental obesity, without changes in glycemia. Restriction of the HFD triggered the normalization of hypothalamic NPY, AgRP and POMC expression, as well as ghrelin and leptin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Martín
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.R.); (J.G.-A.); (B.R.); (S.B.); (V.C.); (G.F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.R.); (J.G.-A.); (B.R.); (S.B.); (V.C.); (G.F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Beatriz Ramírez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.R.); (J.G.-A.); (B.R.); (S.B.); (V.C.); (G.F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.R.); (J.G.-A.); (B.R.); (S.B.); (V.C.); (G.F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.R.); (J.G.-A.); (B.R.); (S.B.); (V.C.); (G.F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Miguel López
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (C.D.)
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (C.D.)
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.R.); (J.G.-A.); (B.R.); (S.B.); (V.C.); (G.F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (C.D.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María A. Burrell
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-948-425600 (ext. 806247)
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