1
|
Malchow K, Zellweger T, Cheng B, Leray A, Leuthold J, Bouhelier A. Self-Induced Light Emission in Solid-State Memristors Replicates Neuronal Biophotons. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39175442 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Key neuronal functions have been successfully replicated in various hardware systems. Noticeable examples are neuronal networks constructed from memristors, which emulate complex electrochemical biological dynamics such as the efficacy and plasticity of a neuron. Neurons are highly active cells, communicating with chemical and electrical stimuli, but also emit light. These so-called biophotons are suspected to be a complementary vehicle to transport information across the brain. Here, we show that a memristor also releases photons during its operation akin to the production of neuronal light. Critical attributes of biophotons, such as self-generation, stochasticity, spectral coverage, sparsity, and correlation with the neuron's electrical activity, are replicated by our solid-state approach. Importantly, our time-resolved analysis of the correlated current transport and photon activity shows that emission takes place within a nanometer-sized active area and relies on electrically induced single-to-few active electroluminescent centers excited with moderate voltage (<3 V). Our findings further extend the emulating capability of a memristor to encompass neuronal optical activity and allow to construct memristive atomic-scale devices capable of handling simultaneously electrons and photons as information carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Malchow
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne CNRS UMR 6303, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Till Zellweger
- Integrated Systems Laboratory, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bojun Cheng
- Microelectronics Thrust, Function Hub, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Aymeric Leray
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne CNRS UMR 6303, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Juerg Leuthold
- Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF), ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Bouhelier
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne CNRS UMR 6303, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Velásquez H, Fernández M, Ruette F. A literature review of the increased intracellular free calcium concentration by biofield therapy or laser exposure. An explanation by using a theoretical study of hydrated calcium ions. Explore (NY) 2024; 20:298-305. [PMID: 37926604 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A revision of several experimental results on cells shows that electromagnetic radiation, either produced by biofield therapy (BFT) or laser, induced an increase in intracellular free calcium concentration. An explanation of this phenomenon is proposed. METHODS Quantum chemistry calculations were performed on Ca2+ with different degrees of hydration with the DFT/r2SCAN-3c method together with the implicit solvation model SMD. RESULTS Ca2+ dehydration energy by quantum calculations, in an aqueous medium, coincides with the experimental results of the energy of the photon emitted in biofield therapies and lasers. This strongly suggests that the increased intracellular free calcium concentration is because of calcium ion dehydration upon the application of radiation. The Ca2+ dehydration increases the membrane potential due to an augment of the net charge on Ca2+ and it moves near the membrane by the attraction of its negative ions. The voltage-dependent channels are also activated by this membrane potential. CONCLUSION The increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration occurs with biofield therapy (BFT) or laser. A novel explanation is given based on resonance-induced Ca2+ dehydration with applied radiation, supported by experimental data and theoretical calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hordep Velásquez
- Laboratorio de Química Computacional, Centro de Química "Dr. Gabriel Chuchani", Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apartado Postal 21827, Caracas, 1020A, Venezuela
| | - Miguel Fernández
- Laboratorio de Química Computacional, Centro de Química "Dr. Gabriel Chuchani", Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apartado Postal 21827, Caracas, 1020A, Venezuela
| | - Fernando Ruette
- Laboratorio de Química Computacional, Centro de Química "Dr. Gabriel Chuchani", Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Apartado Postal 21827, Caracas, 1020A, Venezuela.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aryan A, Aghajanpour F, Dashtdar M, Hejazi F, Salimi M, Afshar A, Soltani R, Seyed Hasani AH, Aliaghaei A, Abbaszadeh HA, Mahmoodi H, Zahedi L, Abdollahifar MA, Fadaei Fathabadi F. Exploring Intercellular Dynamics: Ultra-Weak Biophoton Emission as a Novel Indicator of Altered Cell Functions and Disease in Oligospermia Mice. J Lasers Med Sci 2023; 14:e65. [PMID: 38318218 PMCID: PMC10843233 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2023.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Biophoton emission, the spontaneous release of photons from living cells, has emerged as an attractive field of research in the study of biological systems. Scientists have recently discovered that changes in biophoton emission could serve as potential indicators of pathological conditions. This intriguing phenomenon suggests that cells might communicate and interact with each other through the exchange of these faint but significant light signals. Therefore, the present study introduces intercellular relationships with biophoton release to detect normal and abnormal cell functions to further achieve cellular interactions by focusing on cell and cell arrangement in disease conditions. Methods: Twenty male mice were assigned to control and busulfan groups. Five weeks after the injection of busulfan, the testis was removed, and then the stereological techniques and TUNEL assay were applied to estimate the histopathology of the testis tissue sections. Results: The findings revealed that the ultra-weak biophoton emission in the control group was significantly lower than in the busulfan group. The oligospermia mice model showed that it significantly changed the spatial arrangement of testicular cells and notably decreased the testis volume, length of seminiferous tubules, and the number of testicular cells. The results of the TUNEL assay showed that the percentage of apoptotic cells significantly increased in the busulfan group. Conclusion: The ultra-weak biophoton emission from testis tissue was reduced in oligospermia mice. As a result, the decline of ultra-weak biophoton can indicate a change in cell arrangement, a decrease in intercellular interaction, and eventually disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arefeh Aryan
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Rasht University of Medical Sciences, Gilan, Iran
| | - Fakhroddin Aghajanpour
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Hejazi
- Department of Advanced Technology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Salimi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azar Afshar
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Soltani
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahad Hasan Seyed Hasani
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Aliaghaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjat-Allah Abbaszadeh
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Mahmoodi
- Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Zahedi
- Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fadaei Fathabadi
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mould RR, Kalampouka I, Thomas EL, Guy GW, Nunn AVW, Bell JD. Non-chemical signalling between mitochondria. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1268075. [PMID: 37811497 PMCID: PMC10560087 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1268075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of studies have reported some form of non-chemical or non-aqueous communication between physically isolated organisms, eliciting changes in cellular proliferation, morphology, and/or metabolism. The sources and mechanisms of such signalling pathways are still unknown, but have been postulated to involve vibration, volatile transmission, or light through the phenomenon of ultraweak photon emission. Here, we report non-chemical communication between isolated mitochondria from MCF7 (cancer) and MCF10A (non-cancer) cell lines. We found that mitochondria in one cuvette stressed by an electron transport chain inhibitor, antimycin, alters the respiration of mitochondria in an adjacent, but chemically and physically separate cuvette, significantly decreasing the rate of oxygen consumption compared to a control (p = <0.0001 in MCF7 and MCF10A mitochondria). Moreover, the changes in O2-consumption were dependent on the origin of mitochondria (cancer vs. non-cancer) as well as the presence of "ambient" light. Our results support the existence of non-chemical signalling between isolated mitochondria. The experimental design suggests that the non-chemical communication is light-based, although further work is needed to fully elucidate its nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhys R. Mould
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ifigeneia Kalampouka
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - E. Louise Thomas
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alistair V. W. Nunn
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
- The Guy Foundation, Dorset, United Kingdom
| | - Jimmy D. Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moro C, Valverde A, Dole M, Hoh Kam J, Hamilton C, Liebert A, Bicknell B, Benabid AL, Magistretti P, Mitrofanis J. The effect of photobiomodulation on the brain during wakefulness and sleep. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:942536. [PMID: 35968381 PMCID: PMC9366035 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.942536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last seventy years or so, many previous studies have shown that photobiomodulation, the use of red to near infrared light on body tissues, can improve central and peripheral neuronal function and survival in both health and in disease. These improvements are thought to arise principally from an impact of photobiomodulation on mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial mechanisms in a range of different cell types, including neurones. This impact has downstream effects on many stimulatory and protective genes. An often-neglected feature of nearly all of these improvements is that they have been induced during the state of wakefulness. Recent studies have shown that when applied during the state of sleep, photobiomodulation can also be of benefit, but in a different way, by improving the flow of cerebrospinal fluid and the clearance of toxic waste-products from the brain. In this review, we consider the potential differential effects of photobiomodulation dependent on the state of arousal. We speculate that the effects of photobiomodulation is on different cells and systems depending on whether it is applied during wakefulness or sleep, that it may follow a circadian rhythm. We speculate further that the arousal-dependent photobiomodulation effects are mediated principally through a biophoton – ultra-weak light emission – network of communication and repair across the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecile Moro
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Audrey Valverde
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Marjorie Dole
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jaimie Hoh Kam
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Ann Liebert
- Governance and Research Department, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian Bicknell
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Pierre Magistretti
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - John Mitrofanis
- FDD and CEA-LETI, Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: John Mitrofanis,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lechelon M, Meriguet Y, Gori M, Ruffenach S, Nardecchia I, Floriani E, Coquillat D, Teppe F, Mailfert S, Marguet D, Ferrier P, Varani L, Sturgis J, Torres J, Pettini M. Experimental evidence for long-distance electrodynamic intermolecular forces. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl5855. [PMID: 35171677 PMCID: PMC8849397 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl5855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Both classical and quantum electrodynamics predict the existence of dipole-dipole long-range electrodynamic intermolecular forces; however, these have never been hitherto experimentally observed. The discovery of completely new and unanticipated forces acting between biomolecules could have considerable impact on our understanding of the dynamics and functioning of the molecular machines at work in living organisms. Here, using two independent experiments, on the basis of different physical effects detected by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and terahertz spectroscopy, respectively, we demonstrate experimentally the activation of resonant electrodynamic intermolecular forces. This is an unprecedented experimental proof of principle of a physical phenomenon that, having been observed for biomacromolecules and with long-range action (up to 1000 Å), could be of importance for biology. In addition to thermal fluctuations that drive molecular motion randomly, these resonant (and thus selective) electrodynamic forces may contribute to molecular encounters in the crowded cellular space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Lechelon
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, Marseille, France
- Centre de Physique Théorique, CNRS, Marseille, France
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, Inserm, Marseille, France
| | - Yoann Meriguet
- Institut d’Electronique et des Systèmes, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Matteo Gori
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, Marseille, France
- Centre de Physique Théorique, CNRS, Marseille, France
- Quantum Biology Lab, Howard University, 2400 6th St NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Sandra Ruffenach
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Ilaria Nardecchia
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, Marseille, France
- Centre de Physique Théorique, CNRS, Marseille, France
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, Inserm, Marseille, France
| | - Elena Floriani
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, Marseille, France
- Centre de Physique Théorique, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Dominique Coquillat
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Teppe
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Mailfert
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, Inserm, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Marguet
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, Inserm, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Ferrier
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, Inserm, Marseille, France
| | - Luca Varani
- Institut d’Electronique et des Systèmes, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - James Sturgis
- Laboratoire d’Ingenierie des Systèmes Macromoleculaires, Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Jeremie Torres
- Institut d’Electronique et des Systèmes, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Marco Pettini
- Aix-Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, Marseille, France
- Centre de Physique Théorique, CNRS, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Moro C, Liebert A, Hamilton C, Pasqual N, Jeffery G, Stone J, Mitrofanis J. The code of light: do neurons generate light to communicate and repair? Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1251-1252. [PMID: 34782559 PMCID: PMC8643059 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.327332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cecile Moro
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, Clinatec, Grenoble, France
| | - Ann Liebert
- Department of Anatomy, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Glen Jeffery
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Stone
- Department of Physiology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - John Mitrofanis
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, Clinatec, Grenoble, France; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Biophotons and Emergence of Quantum Coherence-A Diffusion Entropy Analysis. ENTROPY 2021; 23:e23050554. [PMID: 33947077 PMCID: PMC8146849 DOI: 10.3390/e23050554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We study the emission of photons from germinating seeds using an experimental technique designed to detect light of extremely small intensity. We analyze the dark count signal without germinating seeds as well as the photon emission during the germination process. The technique of analysis adopted here, called diffusion entropy analysis (DEA) and originally designed to measure the temporal complexity of astrophysical, sociological and physiological processes, rests on Kolmogorov complexity. The updated version of DEA used in this paper is designed to determine if the signal complexity is generated either by non-ergodic crucial events with a non-stationary correlation function or by the infinite memory of a stationary but non-integrable correlation function or by a mixture of both processes. We find that dark count yields the ordinary scaling, thereby showing that no complexity of either kinds may occur without any seeds in the chamber. In the presence of seeds in the chamber anomalous scaling emerges, reminiscent of that found in neuro-physiological processes. However, this is a mixture of both processes and with the progress of germination the non-ergodic component tends to vanish and complexity becomes dominated by the stationary infinite memory. We illustrate some conjectures ranging from stress induced annihilation of crucial events to the emergence of quantum coherence.
Collapse
|