1
|
Cox AJ, Speer H, Radcliffe CR, Masocha K, Ramsey R, West NP, Pyne DB. Immunomodulatory effects of fucoidan in recreationally active adult males undertaking 3-weeks of intensified training. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:1875-1882. [PMID: 38247026 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2305007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to determine whether daily fucoidan supplementation (Undaria pinnatifida extract containing >85% fucoidan, 1 g/day) for three-weeks in a double blind-placebo controlled cross-over trial (ACTRN12621000872831) could modulate alterations in faecal (calprotectin, lysozyme and IgA) and salivary (lactoferrin, lysozyme and IgA) markers of mucosal immune competence typically observed in response to both acute physical activity, and a period of intensified exercise training, in healthy recreationally active men (n = 12). Participants responded positively to the intensified training with 16-19% improvement in mean power that was not different between supplement groups. Faecal biomarkers and concentrations of lactoferrin, lysozyme and IgA from resting saliva samples were largely stable over the supplementation period. Concentrations of salivary biomarkers varied significantly over time in response to acute exercise, however differences between supplementation groups were modest. For salivary lysozyme, there was a trend for a lower magnitude of increase post-exercise (p = 0.08) and limited return towards pre-exercise in response to fucoidan. For salivary IgA, a greater acute exercise response was noted for IgA in response to fucoidan (~2.7-fold higher; p = 0.02). Different dosage and supplementation protocols and inclusion of additional immune markers should be considered in subsequent assessments of any potential benefits of fucoidan supplementation in healthy active adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Cox
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Hollie Speer
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ceridwen R Radcliffe
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Kathleen Masocha
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Rebecca Ramsey
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas P West
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - David B Pyne
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mornas A, Brocherie F, Guilhem G, Guillotel A, LE Garrec S, Gouwy R, Gennisson JL, Beuve S, Racinais S. Active Heat Acclimation Does Not Alter Muscle-Tendon Unit Properties. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1076-1086. [PMID: 36719653 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Heat acclimation (HA) is recommended before competing in hot and humid conditions. HA has also been recently suggested to increase muscle strength, but its effects on human's muscle and tendon mechanical properties are not yet fully understood. This study investigated the effect of active HA on gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle-tendon properties. METHODS Thirty recreationally active participants performed 13 low-intensity cycling sessions, distributed over a 17-d period in hot (HA = ~38°C, ~58% relative humidity; n = 15) or in temperate environment (CON = ~23°C, ~35% relative humidity; n = 15). Mechanical data and high-frame rate ultrasound images were collected during electrically evoked and voluntary contractions pre- and postintervention. Shear modulus was measured at rest in GM, and vertical jump performance was assessed. RESULTS Core temperature decreased from the first to the last session in HA (-0.4°C ± 0.3°C; P = 0.015), while sweat rate increased (+0.4 ± 0.3 L·h -1 ; P = 0.010), suggesting effective HA, whereas no changes were observed in CON (both P ≥ 0.877). Heart rate was higher in HA versus CON and decreased throughout intervention in groups (both P ≤ 0.008), without an interaction effect ( P = 0.733). Muscle-tendon unit properties (i.e., maximal and explosive isometric torque production, contractile properties, voluntary activation, joint and fascicular force-velocity relationship, passive muscle, and active tendon stiffness) and vertical jump performance did not show training ( P ≥ 0.067) or group-training interaction ( P ≥ 0.232) effects. CONCLUSIONS Effective active HA does not alter muscle-tendon properties. Preparing hot and humid conditions with active HA can be envisaged in all sporting disciplines without the risk of impairing muscle performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Franck Brocherie
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, FRANCE
| | - Gaël Guilhem
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, FRANCE
| | - Arthur Guillotel
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, FRANCE
| | | | | | - Jean-Luc Gennisson
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, FRANCE
| | - Steve Beuve
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale (BioMaps), CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, FRANCE
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Repeated-Sprint Exercise in the Heat Increases Indirect Markers of Gastrointestinal Damage in Well-Trained Team-Sport Athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2022; 32:153-162. [PMID: 35130515 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Athletes engaged in repeated-sprint training in the heat can be at an increased risk of gastrointestinal ischemia and damage in response to a redistribution of blood to working skeletal muscles and the skin. This study investigated the effects of repeated sprinting in hot and cool conditions on markers of gastrointestinal damage. METHODS Twenty-five, well-trained, nonheat acclimated male team-sport athletes completed a five-session, repeated-sprint training regimen over 7 days in either HOT (40 °C and 40% relative humidity [RH]) or COOL (20 °C and 40% RH) conditions. Participants underwent a 20-min warm-up and four sets of 5 × 6-s maximal cycling sprints, with 24-s rest and 5-min recovery between sets. Venous blood was collected pre-, post-, and 1 hr postexercise and analyzed for intestinal fatty acid binding protein, lipopolysaccharide binding protein, soluble CD14, and heat-shock protein. RESULTS Intestinal fatty acid binding protein concentrations were significantly increased (p < .004) postexercise (593 and 454 pg/ml) and 1 hr postexercise (466 and 410 pg/ml) on both Days 1 and 5 in HOT. Soluble CD14 increased by 398 and 308 ng/ml postexercise (p = .041), and lipopolysaccharide binding protein increased by 1,694 ng/ml postexercise on Day 1 in HOT (p < .05) and by 1,520 ng/ml on Day 5 in COOL (p = .026). Core and skin temperature, rating of perceived exertion, and thermal sensation were higher (p < .05) in HOT on Days 1 and 5 during sprinting. CONCLUSIONS Repeated sprinting in the heat induced greater thermal strain and mild changes in gastrointestinal damage, likely attributable to the combination of environmental conditions and maximal-intensity exercise.
Collapse
|
4
|
Chodor W, Chmura P, Chmura J, Andrzejewski M, Jówko E, Buraczewski T, Drożdżowski A, Rokita A, Konefał M. Impact of climatic conditions projected at the World Cup in Qatar 2022 on repeated maximal efforts in soccer players. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12658. [PMID: 35036146 PMCID: PMC8710061 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the climatic conditions predicted for the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar and the capacity for repeated maximum effort (RSA), of soccer players. Twenty-four semi-professional soccer players participated in the study. The exercise test consisted of ten 6-second maximal efforts on a cycloergometer. A 90-second passive rest interval was used. Mechanical parameters were recorded in each repetition, and biochemical parameters at rest and even repetitions. The test was performed in a Weiss Technik WK-26 climate chamber under two different conditions: (1) thermoneutral (TNC - 20.5 °C; 58.7% humidity); (2) predicted for the 2022 World Cup in Qatar (QSC - 28.5 ± 1.92 °C; 58.7 ± 8.64% humidity). Significantly higher mean maximum power values were recorded in the second repetition under QSC conditions (1731,8 ± 214,4 W) (p = 0.025). A significantly longer time to reach maximum power was also recorded under TNC conditions compared to QSC conditions in repetition 2 (1,32 ± 0,33 s), (1,05 ± 0,29 s) (p = 0.016) and 6 (1,41 ± 0,48 s), (1,17 ± 0,25) (p = 0.036). There was a significantly higher rate of power loss, between repetition 2 (p = 0.023) and 4 (p = 0.043) under QSC conditions, compared to TNC. Considering the biochemical parameters, a significantly higher pO2 concentration was registered under QSC conditions in the 10th repetition (p = 0.006). The ambient temperature during exercise should be taken into account to determine the anaerobic exercise capacity of the athletes. At higher temperatures, there is a greater capacity for maximal effort, in terms of maximal power achieved, but with a greater decrease in performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wiktor Chodor
- Department of Team Games, Wrocław University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wrocław, Dolny Śla̧sk, Poland
| | - Paweł Chmura
- Department of Team Games, Wrocław University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wrocław, Dolny Śla̧sk, Poland
| | - Jan Chmura
- Department of Human Motor Skills, Wrocław University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wrocław, Dolny Śląsk, Poland
| | - Marcin Andrzejewski
- Department of Recreaction, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Wielkopolskie, Poland
| | - Ewa Jówko
- Department of Natural Sciences, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biała Podlaska, Podlaskie, Poland
| | - Tomasz Buraczewski
- Department of Sport Science, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Faculty of Physical Education and Health in Biała Podlaska, Podlaskie, Poland
| | - Adrian Drożdżowski
- Department of Team Games, Wrocław University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wrocław, Dolny Śla̧sk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Rokita
- Department of Team Games, Wrocław University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wrocław, Dolny Śla̧sk, Poland
| | - Marek Konefał
- Department of Human Motor Skills, Wrocław University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wrocław, Dolny Śląsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Naito T, Haramura M, Muraishi K, Yamazaki M, Takahashi H. Cooling during short-term heat acclimation enhances aerobic capacity but not sweat capacity. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:579-588. [PMID: 33522891 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1884751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To characterize the adaptive responses to short-term heat acclimation (HA) training with repeated-sprint exercises and to determine the effects of ice slurry ingestion during HA on aerobic capacity and adaptations. Seven physically active males completed two 5 consecutive day interventions in a randomized cross-over design. Participants performed approximately 80-min intermittent repeated-sprints using a cycling ergometer including break-time and half time in 36.5°C and 50%RH. Participants ingested either 1.25 g·kg body mass-1 of ice slurry (ICE: -1°C) or room temperature beverage (NOC: 36.5°C) throughout each break and 7.5 g·kg body mass-1 of the same drink during half time. Maximum oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) test in hot conditions was completed before and after HA training. Ice slurry ingestion during short-term HA training induced significantly higher both V˙O2max and watt at V˙O2max following HA training. Total work done was significantly higher in HA with ICE than for the NOC trial on both day 1 and day 5. Sweating Na+ concentration in NOC trial at day 5 were significantly lower than those in the NOC trial day 1, but was not observed in ICE trial. Cooling during HA training may be an effective strategy for enhancement of aerobic capacity via the adaptations gained from a higher quantity of exercise caused by cooling, but does not improve heat loss capacity. HighlightsThere is the potential dilemma whether cooling during short-term training in the heat might negatively impacts the process of helping athletes adapt to hot environments.Cooling during short-term heat training may be an effective strategy to enhancement of aerobic capacity via the adaptations gained from a higher quantity of exercise caused by cooling, but does not improve heat loss capacity.The study suggests the importance to selecting cooling during the heat acclimation phase of consecutive field training according to the individual's training plan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Naito
- Department of Sports Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Haramura
- Department of Sports Sciences, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Muraishi
- Japan Sport Council, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Community and Human Services, Rikkyo University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Misa Yamazaki
- Department of Sports Sciences, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Department of Sports Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|