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Seman-Kamarulzaman AF, Pariamiskal FA, Azidi AN, Hassan M. A Review on Digestive System of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus as Potential Target to Develop Control Strategies. INSECTS 2023; 14:506. [PMID: 37367322 PMCID: PMC10299146 DOI: 10.3390/insects14060506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, commonly known as red palm weevil (RPW), is a high-risk insect pest that has become a threat to many important palm species. There are several dominant factors that lead to the successful infestation of RPW, including its stealthy lifestyle, highly chitinized mouthpart, and high fecundity rate. Due to that, millions of dollars of losses have been suffered by many countries invaded by RPW. Several methods have been designed to control its invasion, including the usage of insecticides, but many cause resistance and environmental pollution. Therefore, an environmentally friendly insecticide that targets specific systems or pathways in RPW is urgently needed. One of the potential targets is the digestive system of RPW, as it is the major interface between the insect and its plant host. The related knowledge of RPW's digestive system, such as the anatomy, microflora, transcriptomic analysis, and proteomic analysis, is important to understand its effects on RPW's survival. Several data from different omics regarding the digestive systems of RPW have been published in separate reports. Some of the potential targets have been reported to be inhibited by certain potential insecticides, while other targets have not yet been tested with any inhibitors. Hence, this review may lead to a better understanding on managing infestations of RPW using the system biology approach for its digestive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad-Faris Seman-Kamarulzaman
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.-F.S.-K.); (F.A.P.)
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka 26400, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Faizatul Atikah Pariamiskal
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.-F.S.-K.); (F.A.P.)
| | - Amiratul Nabihah Azidi
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.-F.S.-K.); (F.A.P.)
| | - Maizom Hassan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.-F.S.-K.); (F.A.P.)
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Zhang H, Li Z, Zhang H, Li Y, Wang F, Xie H, Su L, Song A. Biodegradation of Gramineous Lignocellulose by Locusta migratoria manilensis (Orthoptera: Acridoidea). Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:943692. [PMID: 35928946 PMCID: PMC9343829 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.943692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring an efficient and green pretreatment method is an important prerequisite for the development of biorefinery. It is well known that locusts can degrade gramineous lignocellulose efficiently. Locusts can be used as a potential resource for studying plant cell wall degradation, but there are few relative studies about locusts so far. Herein, some new discoveries were revealed about elucidating the process of biodegradation of gramineous lignocellulose in Locusta migratoria manilensis. The enzyme activity related to lignocellulose degradation and the content of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the different gut segments of locusts fed corn leaves were measured in this study. A series of characterization analyses were conducted on corn leaves and locust feces, which included field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. These results showed that the highest activities of carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), filter paper cellulase (FPA), and xylanase were obtained in the foregut of locusts, which strongly indicated that the foregut was the main lignocellulose degradation segment in locusts; furthermore, the majority of nutritional components were absorbed in the midgut of locusts. The activity of CMCase was significantly higher than that of xylanase, and manganese peroxidase (MnPase) activity was lowest, which might be due to the basic nutrition of locusts being cellulose and hemicellulose and not lignin based on the results of FE-SEM, FTIR, XRD, and TG analysis. Overall, these results provided a valuable insight into lignocellulosic degradation mechanisms for understanding gramineous plant cell wall deconstruction and recalcitrance in locusts, which could be useful in the development of new enzymatic pretreatment processes mimicking the locust digestive system for the biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fuels and chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsen Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenya Li
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongfei Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fengqin Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Xie
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Su
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lijuan Su, ; Andong Song,
| | - Andong Song
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lijuan Su, ; Andong Song,
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Seyedalmoosavi MM, Mielenz M, Veldkamp T, Daş G, Metges CC. Growth efficiency, intestinal biology, and nutrient utilization and requirements of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae compared to monogastric livestock species: a review. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:31. [PMID: 35509031 PMCID: PMC9069764 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, interest in the larvae of black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) as a sustainable protein resource for livestock feed has increased considerably. However, knowledge on the nutritional and physiological aspects of this insect, especially compared to other conventional farmed animals is scarce. This review presents a critical comparison of data on the growth potential and efficiency of the BSF larvae (BSFL) compared to conventional monogastric livestock species. Advantages of BSFL over other monogastric livestock species includes their high growth rate and their ability to convert low-grade organic waste into high-quality protein and fat-rich biomass suitable for use in animal feed. Calculations using literature data suggest that BSFL are more efficient than broilers, pigs and fish in terms of conversion of substrate protein into body mass, but less efficient than broilers and fish in utilization of substrate gross energy to gain body mass. BSFL growth efficiency varies greatly depending on the nutrient quality of their dietary substrates. This might be associated with the function of their gastrointestinal tract, including the activity of digestive enzymes, the substrate particle characteristics, and their intestinal microbial community. The conceived advantage of BSFL having an environmental footprint better than conventional livestock is only true if BSFL is produced on low-grade organic waste and its protein would directly be used for human consumption. Therefore, their potential role as a new species to better close nutrient cycles in agro-ecological systems needs to be reconsidered, and we conclude that BSFL is a complementary livestock species efficiently utilizing organic waste that cannot be utilized by other livestock. In addition, we provide comparative insight into morpho-functional aspects of the gut, characterization of digestive enzymes, gut microbiota and fiber digestion. Finally, current knowledge on the nutritional utilization and requirements of BSFL in terms of macro- and micro-nutrients is reviewed and found to be rather limited. In addition, the research methods to determine nutritional requirements of conventional livestock are not applicable for BSFL. Thus, there is a great need for research on the nutrient requirements of BSFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Seyedalmoosavi
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Manfred Mielenz
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Teun Veldkamp
- Wageningen UR, Livestock Research, P.O. Box 338, 6700AH, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Gürbüz Daş
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Cornelia C Metges
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
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