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Hu K, Jin R, Liu J, Zhu J, Dai W, Wang Y, Li Y, Liu F. Functional characterization of the InR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in female reproduction of the predatory bug Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Hemiptera: Miridae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2024:toae113. [PMID: 38783398 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The insulin signaling (IIS) pathway plays a key role in the regulation of various physiological functions in animals. However, the involvement of IIS pathway in the reproduction of natural enemy insects remains enigmatic. Here, 3 key genes (named ClInR, ClPI3K, and ClAKT) related to IIS pathway were cloned from Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae), an important natural enemy in the rice ecosystem. These 3 proteins had the typical features of corresponding protein families and shared high similarity with their respective homologs from the Hemipteran species. The ClInR, ClPI3K, and ClAKT were highly expressed in the adult stage. Tissue distribution analysis revealed that ClInR, ClPI3K, and ClAKT were highly expressed in the midgut and ovary of adults. Silencing of ClInR, ClPI3K, and ClAKT caused 92.1%, 72.1%, and 57.8% reduction in the expression of ClVg, respectively. Depletion of these 3 genes impaired vitellogenin synthesis and ovary development. Moreover, the fecundity in the dsInR, dsPI3K, and dsAKT injected females were 53.9%, 50.8%, and 48.5% lower than the control treatment, respectively. These results indicated that ClInR, ClPI3K, and ClAKT are of great importance for the reproduction of C. lividipennis. Our results advance the knowledge about the molecular mechanism of reproduction regulation in natural enemy insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Hu
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Rong Jin
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianqi Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wei Dai
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yao Li
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety (Yangzhou University), Jiangsu, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Zhu H, Ahmad S, Duan Z, Shi J, Tang X, Dong Q, Xi C, Ge L, Wu T, Tan Y. The Jinggangmycin-induced Mthl2 gene regulates the development and stress resistance in Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 196:105630. [PMID: 37945234 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Methuselah (Mth) belongs to the GPCR family B, which regulates various biological processes and stress responses. The previous transcriptome data showed jinggangmycin (JGM)-induced Mthl2 expression. However, its detailed functional role remained unclear in brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål. In adult N. lugens, the Mthl2 gene showed dominant expressions, notably in ovaries and fat body tissues. The 3rd instar nymphs treated with JGM increased starvation, oxidative stress, and high temperature (34 °C) tolerance of the adults. On the contrary, under dsMthl2 treatment, completely opposite phenotypes were observed. The lipid synthesis genes (DGAT1and PNPLA3) of both females and males treated with JGM in the nymphal stage were observed with high expressions, while the lipolysis of the Lipase 3 gene was observed with low expressions. The JGM increased triglyceride (TG) content, fat body droplet size, and the number of fat body droplets. The same treatment also increased the Glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. An increase in the heat shock protein (HSP70 and HSP90) expression levels was also observed under JGM treatment but not dsMthl2. The current study demonstrated the influential role of the Mthl genes, particularly the Mthl2 gene, in modulating the growth and development and stress-responsiveness in N. lugens. Thus, providing a platform for future applied research programs controlling N. lugens population in rice fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Sheraz Ahmad
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhirou Duan
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Junting Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Xingyu Tang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Qiaoqiao Dong
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Chuanyuan Xi
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Linquan Ge
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, PR China.
| | - Tao Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, PR China.
| | - Yongan Tan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China.
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Wang J, Yu S, Wang L, Liu T, Yang X, Hu X, Wang Y. Capsaicin decreases fecundity in the Asian malaria vector Anopheles stephensi by inhibiting the target of rapamycin signaling pathway. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:458. [PMID: 36510333 PMCID: PMC9743593 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05593-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosquito-borne diseases threaten human health, but mosquito control faces various challenges, such as resistance to chemical insecticides. Thus, there is an urgent need for more effective and environment-friendly control agents. Capsaicin can downregulate the mTOR signaling pathway of tumor cells. The TOR signaling pathway can mediate the expression of vitellogenin (Vg) to regulate the fecundity of insects. Whether capsaicin has the potential to inhibit fecundity of mosquitoes by regulating TOR pathway and Vg expression is currently unclear. METHODS Anopheles stephensi were fed with blood of mice administered capsaicin by gavage or sugar containing capsaicin followed by a blood feeding with normal mice. Then, the engorged female mosquitoes were tubed individually and underwent oviposition. The eggs and individuals in the subsequent development stages, including larvae, pupae, and emerging adults, were counted and compared between the capsaicin treatment and control groups. Additionally, total RNA and protein were extracted from the engorged mosquitoes at 24 h post blood feeding. Real-time PCR and western blot were performed to detect the transcriptional level and protein expression of the key fecundity-related molecules of mosquitoes. Finally, TOR signaling pathway was inhibited via rapamycin treatment, and changes in fecundity and the key molecule transcription and protein expression levels were examined to verify the role of TOR signaling pathway in the effect of capsaicin on mosquito fecundity. RESULTS The laid and total eggs (laid eggs plus retained eggs) of An. stephensi were significantly reduced by feeding on the blood of capsaicin-treated mice (P < 0.01) or capsaicin-containing sugar (P < 0.01) compared with those in the control group. Moreover, the transcription and protein expression or phosphorylation levels of fecundity-related molecules, such as Akt, TOR, S6K, and Vg, were significantly decreased by capsaicin treatment. However, the effects disappeared between control group and CAP group after the TOR signaling pathway was inhibited by rapamycin. CONCLUSIONS Capsaicin can decrease the fecundity of An. stephensi by inhibiting the TOR signaling pathway. These data can help us to not only understand the effect of capsaicin on the reproductive ability of An. stephensi and its underlying mechanism, but also develop new efficient, safe, and pollution-free mosquito vector control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan St, Shapingba Dis, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Shasha Yu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan St, Shapingba Dis, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Luhan Wang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan St, Shapingba Dis, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Tingting Liu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan St, Shapingba Dis, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Xuesen Yang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan St, Shapingba Dis, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Xiaobing Hu
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of Western Theater Command, Lanzhou, 730020 China
| | - Ying Wang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan St, Shapingba Dis, Chongqing, 400038 China
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Ahmad S, Zhang J, Wang H, Zhu H, Dong Q, Zong S, Wang T, Chen Y, Ge L. The Phosphoserine Phosphatase Alters the Free Amino Acid Compositions and Fecundity in Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315283. [PMID: 36499611 PMCID: PMC9740327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mirid bug Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Reuter) is an important predator that consumes eggs and young nymphs of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens as a primary food source and thus becomes an important member of the rice ecosystem. We identified and characterized the ClPSP gene in C. lividipennis encoding the phosphoserine phosphatase enzyme. The ClPSP has an open reading frame (ORF) of 957 bp encoding a protein with a length of 294bp and it possesses a haloacid dehalogenase-like (HAD) hydrolase, phosphoserine phosphatase, eukaryotic-like (HAD_PSP_eu) conserved domain. Furthermore, the in silico analysis of the ClPSP gene unveiled its distinct characteristics and it serves as a key player in the modulation of amino acids. The ClPSP showed expression in all developmental stages, with higher expression observed in the ovary and fat body. Silencing the ClPSP by RNA interference (RNAi) significantly decreased PSP enzyme activity and expression compared to dsGFP at two days after emergence (2DAE). The dsPSP treatment altered free hemolymph amino acid compositions, resulting in a significant reduction of serine (Ser) and Arginine (Arg) proportions and a significant increase of Threonine (Thr), Cystine (Cys), and Tyrosine (Tyr) in the C. lividipennis female at 2 DAE. Additionally, a hindered total protein concentration in the ovary and fat body, and reduced vitellogenin (Vg) expression, body weight, and number of laid eggs, were also observed. The same treatment also prolonged the preoviposition period and hindered ovarian development. Our data, for the first time, demonstrated the influential role of the PSP gene in modulating the fecundity of C. lividipennis and provide a platform for future insect pest control programs using the PSP gene in modulating fecundity.
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Reliable reference genes for qPCR normalization in females of the mirid predator, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Hemiptera: Miridae). Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Hu K, Fu B, Wang C, Liu J, Tang Y, Zhang W, Zhu J, Li Y, Pan Q, Liu F. The role of 20E biosynthesis relative gene Shadow in the reproduction of the predatory mirid bug, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Hemiptera: Miridae). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 109:e21854. [PMID: 34783381 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cytorhinus lividipennis is a natural enemy of rice planthoppers and leafhoppers. Improving the fecundity of C. lividipennis will be helpful to improve its control effect on pests. However, little is known about the hormonal regulatory mechanism of reproduction in C. lividipennis. In the current study, we examined the role of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) biosynthesis relative gene Shadow in the reproduction of C. lividipennis. The complementary DNA sequence of ClSad is 2018 -bp in length with an open reading frame of 1398-bp encoding 465 amino acid residues. ClSad was readily detected in nymphal and adult stages, and highly expressed in the adult stage. ClSad was highly expressed in the midgut and ovaries of adult females. Moreover, RNA interference-mediated knockdown of ClSad reduced the 20E titers and ClVg transcript level, resulting in fewer fully developed eggs and a decrease in the number of eggs laid by dsSad-injected adult females within 15 days. These results suggest that ClSad plays a critical role in the reproduction of C. lividipennis. The present study provides insights into the molecular mechanism of the ClSad gene for the reproduction of C. lividipennis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Hu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baobao Fu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuchu Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianqi Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingying Tang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wendan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinjian Pan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Ahmad S, Jiang L, Zheng S, Chen Y, Zhang JY, Stanley D, Miao H, Ge LQ. Silencing of a putative alanine aminotransferase (ALT) gene influences free amino acid composition in hemolymph and fecundity of the predatory bug, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 108:e21836. [PMID: 34288123 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In Asian rice systems, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter is an important predator that preys on rice planthopper eggs and young nymphs, as a primary food source. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) acts in many physiological and biochemical processes in insects. We cloned the full-length complementary DNA of C. lividipennis ClALT. Expression analysis showed higher expression in the fat body and midgut compared to other tissues. It is expressed in all C. lividipennis developmental stages and at least four organs. Silencing of ClALT by RNA interference significantly decreased the ClALT enzyme activity and ClALT expression compared to dsGFP-treated controls at 2 days after emergence (DAE). Silencing of ClALT influenced free hemolymph amino acid compositions, resulting in a reduction of Aspartic acid (Asp) and Alanine (Ala) proportions, and increased Cysteine (Cys) and Valine (Val) proportions in females at 2 DAE. dsClALT treatments led to decreased soluble total protein concentrations in ovary and fat body, and to lower reduced vitellogenin (Vg) expression, body weight, and the numbers of laid eggs. The double-stranded RNA viruse treatments also led to prolonged preoviposition periods and hindered ovarian development. Western blot analysis indicated that silencing ClALT also led to reduced fat body Vg protein abundance at 2 DAE. These data support our hypothesis that ClALT influences amino acid metabolism and fecundity in C. lividipennis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheraz Ahmad
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sui Zheng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Y Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - David Stanley
- Biological Controls of Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Hong Miao
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin Q Ge
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Bai Y, Shi Z, Zhou W, Wang G, Shi X, He K, Li F, Zhu ZR. Chromosome-level genome assembly of the mirid predator Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae), an important natural enemy in the rice ecosystem. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 22:1086-1099. [PMID: 34581510 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Though the genomes of many rice herbivorous pests have recently been well characterized, little is known about the genome of their natural enemies. Here, by using the Illumina and PacBio platforms, we sequenced and assembled the whole genome of the mirid species Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae), which is an economically and ecologically important natural enemy in the rice ecosystem acting as a dominant predator for planthoppers and leafhoppers in the field. Through Hi-C scaffolding, 1615 scaffolds with a total size of 338.08 Mb were successfully anchored onto 13 chromosomes. The assembled genome size was 345.75 Mb with a final scaffold N50 of 27.58 Mb. Approximately 107.51 Mb of sequences accounting for 31.10% of the genome were identified as repeat elements, and 14,644 protein-coding genes were annotated. Phylogenetic analysis showed that C. lividipennis clustered with other Hemipteran species and diverged from Apolygus lucorum about 66.7 million years ago. Gene families related to detoxification, environmental adaptation and digestion were analysed comparatively with other Hemipteran species, but no significant expansion or contraction was found in C. lividipennis. We also observed male meiosis in C. lividipennis, which showed a typical post-reduction of sex chromosomes and a karyotype of 2n = 22 + XY. As the first natural-enemy genome in the rice ecosystem, the genomic resource of C. lividipennis not only expands our understanding of the multitrophic interactions (host plant-prey-predator), but also provides a genomic basis for better understanding this dominant predator and therefore promotes sustainable rice pest management and food grain production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueliang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
| | - Zhenmin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenwu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
| | - Guiyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
| | - Kang He
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zeng-Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
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Zhu H, Zheng S, Xu J, Wu Q, Song Q, Ge L. The Amino Acid-Mediated TOR Pathway Regulates Reproductive Potential and Population Growth in Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae). Front Physiol 2020; 11:617237. [PMID: 33329069 PMCID: PMC7733968 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.617237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The predatory mirid bug, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter, feeds on brown planthopper (BPH) eggs that are deposited on rice and gramineous plants surrounding rice fields. The development and reproduction of C. lividipennis are inhibited by feeding on BPH eggs from gramineous species, and the underlining regulatory mechanism for this phenomenon is unclear. In the present study, HPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed that the concentrations of six amino acids (AAs:Ala, Arg, Ser, Lys, Thr, and Pro) were significantly higher in rice than in five gramineous species. When C. lividipennis fed on gramineous plants with BPH eggs, expression of several genes in the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway (Rheb, TOR, and S6K) were significantly lower than that in the insects fed on rice plants with BPH eggs. Treatment of C. lividipennis females with rapamycin, dsRheb, dsTOR, or dsS6K caused a decrease in Rheb, TOR, and S6K expression, and these effects were partially rescued by the juvenile hormone (JH) analog, methoprene. Dietary dsTOR treatment significantly influenced a number of physiological parameters and resulted in impaired predatory capacity, fecundity, and population growth. This study indicates that these six AAs play an important role in the mediated-TOR pathway, which in turn regulates vitellogenin (Vg) synthesis, reproduction, and population growth in C. lividipennis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Zhu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Sui Zheng
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jinming Xu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Linquan Ge
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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