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Intarak N, Tongchairati K, Termteerapornpimol K, Chantarangsu S, Porntaveetus T. Tooth agenesis patterns and variants in PAX9: A systematic review. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2023; 59:129-137. [PMID: 37159578 PMCID: PMC10163602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in PAX9 are the most common genetic cause of tooth agenesis (TA). The aim of this study was to systematically review the profiles of the TA and PAX9 variants and establish their genotype-phenotype correlation. Forty articles were eligible for 178 patients and 61 mutations (26 in frame and 32 null mutations). PAX9 mutations predominantly affected molars, mostly the second molar, and the mandibular first premolar was the least affected. More missing teeth were found in the maxilla than the mandible, and with null mutations than in-frame mutations. The number of missing teeth was correlated with the locations of the in-frame mutations with the C-terminus mutations demonstrating the fewest missing teeth. The null mutation location did not influence the number of missing teeth. Null mutations in all locations predominantly affected molars. For the in-frame mutations, a missing second molar was commonly associated with mutations in the highly conserved paired DNA-binding domain, particularly the linking peptide (100% prevalence). In contrast, C-terminus mutations were rarely associated with missing second molars and anterior teeth, but were commonly related to an absent second premolar. These finding indicate that the mutation type and position contribute to different degrees of loss of PAX9 function that further differentially influences the manifestations of TA. This study provides novel information on the correlation of the PAX9 genotype-phenotype, aiding in the genetic counseling for TA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narin Intarak
- Center of Excellent in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Soranun Chantarangsu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thantrira Porntaveetus
- Center of Excellent in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- International Graduate Program in Geriatric Dentistry and Special Patients Care, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Correspondence to: Center of Excellent in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Xing L, Liu Y, Wu J, Song C, Jiang B. Spatial and Temporal Expression of Ectodysplasin-A Signaling Pathway Members During Mandibular Condylar Development in Postnatal Mice. J Histochem Cytochem 2023; 71:631-642. [PMID: 37731334 PMCID: PMC10617443 DOI: 10.1369/00221554231201691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence emerging supported that ectodysplasin-A (EDA) signaling pathway contributed to craniofacial development. However, their expression in condyle has not been elucidated yet. This study investigated the expression patterns of EDA, EDA receptor (EDAR), and EDAR-associated death domain (EDARADD) in condyle of postnatal mice. Histological staining and micro-computed tomography (CT) scanning showed that as endochondral ossification proceeded, the thickness of chondrocyte layer decreased, and the volume of mandibular condyle increased. Osteoclasts remained active throughout the condylar development. Immunohistochemistry staining demonstrated that EDA was expressed in almost all layers during the first 2 weeks after birth. EDA shifted from the mature and hypertrophic layers to fibrous and proliferating layers at postnatal 3 weeks. As condyle matured, the distribution of EDA tended to be limited to hypertrophic layer. The distribution patterns of EDAR and EDARADD were consistent with EDA, while the level of EDAR expression was slightly lower. mRNA expression levels of EDA signaling pathway-related components increased after birth. Furthermore, we evaluated the expression of EDA using ATDC5 in vitro. EDA increased during the late stage of chondrogenesis. These findings proved that EDA signaling pathway was involved in condylar development and acted as a regulatory factor in condylar maturation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludan Xing
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayan Wu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyu Song
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Beizhan Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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Fang Z, Atukorallaya D. Count Me in, Count Me out: Regulation of the Tooth Number via Three Directional Developmental Patterns. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15061. [PMID: 37894742 PMCID: PMC10606784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth number anomalies, including hyperdontia and hypodontia, are common congenital dental problems in the dental clinic. The precise number of teeth in a dentition is essential for proper speech, mastication, and aesthetics. Teeth are ectodermal organs that develop from the interaction of a thickened epithelium (dental placode) with the neural-crest-derived ectomesenchyme. There is extensive histological, molecular, and genetic evidence regarding how the tooth number is regulated in this serial process, but there is currently no universal classification for tooth number abnormalities. In this review, we propose a novel regulatory network for the tooth number based on the inherent dentition formation process. This network includes three intuitive directions: the development of a single tooth, the formation of a single dentition with elongation of the continual lamina, and tooth replacement with the development of the successional lamina. This article summarizes recent reports on early tooth development and provides an analytical framework to classify future relevant experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Devi Atukorallaya
- Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E0W2, Canada;
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Jiang C, Yu K, Shen Y, Wang F, Dai Q, Wu Y. The phenotype and genotype of PAX9 mutations causing tooth agenesis. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:4369-4378. [PMID: 37184613 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to identify associations between PAX9 mutations and clinical features of non-syndromic tooth agenesis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Non-syndromic tooth agenesis patients were found to have mutations by whole exome sequencing (WES). Additionally, conservation analysis and three-dimensional structure prediction were also applied to identify mutated proteins. RESULTS Eight non-syndromic tooth agenesis probands were identified with PAX9 mutations (c.C112T; C.131_134del; c.G151A; c.189delG; c.305delT; c.C365A; c.394delG; c.A679C). All of the probands were missing more than six teeth (oligodontia). The mutations (c.131_134del,p.R44fs; c.189delG,p.T63fs; c.305delT,p.I102fs and c.394delG,p.G123fs) caused premature termination of the PAX9 protein. The c.C112T(p.R38X) mutation created a truncated protein. Bioinformatic prediction demonstrated that the three missense mutations change the PAX9 structure suggesting the corresponding functional impairments. CONCLUSIONS We reported that eight mutations of PAX9 caused non-syndromic tooth agenesis and analyzed the relationship between PAX9 mutations and non-syndromic tooth agenesis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our study revealed that PAX9 mutations might be the mutations most associated with non-syndromic tooth agenesis in humans, which greatly broadened the mutation spectrum of PAX9-related non-syndromic tooth agenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailing Jiang
- The 2nd Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- School of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Kang Yu
- The 2nd Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihan Shen
- The 2nd Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- The 2nd Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinggang Dai
- The 2nd Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yiqun Wu
- The 2nd Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
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Zhang H, Gong X, Xu X, Wang X, Sun Y. Tooth number abnormality: from bench to bedside. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:5. [PMID: 36604408 PMCID: PMC9816303 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth number abnormality is one of the most common dental developmental diseases, which includes both tooth agenesis and supernumerary teeth. Tooth development is regulated by numerous developmental signals, such as the well-known Wnt, BMP, FGF, Shh and Eda pathways, which mediate the ongoing complex interactions between epithelium and mesenchyme. Abnormal expression of these crutial signalling during this process may eventually lead to the development of anomalies in tooth number; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this review, we summarized the major process of tooth development, the latest progress of mechanism studies and newly reported clinical investigations of tooth number abnormality. In addition, potential treatment approaches for tooth number abnormality based on developmental biology are also discussed. This review not only provides a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of tooth number abnormality in clinical practice but also facilitates the translation of basic research to the clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuyan Gong
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Xu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- grid.64939.310000 0000 9999 1211Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China.
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Wu W, Kong X, Jia Y, Jia Y, Ou W, Dai C, Li G, Gao R. An overview of PAX1: Expression, function and regulation in development and diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1051102. [PMID: 36393845 PMCID: PMC9649799 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1051102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors play multifaceted roles in embryonic development and diseases. PAX1, a paired-box transcription factor, has been elucidated to play key roles in multiple tissues during embryonic development by extensive studies. Recently, an emerging role of PAX1 in cancers was clarified. Herein, we summarize the expression and functions of PAX1 in skeletal system and thymus development, as well as cancer biology and outline its cellular and molecular modes of action and the association of PAX1 mutation or dysregulation with human diseases, thus providing insights for the molecular basis of congenital diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyin Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiangjun Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanhan Jia
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yihui Jia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weimei Ou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Cuilian Dai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Gang Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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