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Liu M, Zhen Y, Shang J, Dang Y, Zhang Q, Ni W, Qiao Y, Hou Y. The predictive value of lesion-specific pericoronary fat attenuation index for major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:191. [PMID: 38835028 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02272-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to explore the prognostic significance of the lesion-specific pericoronary fat attenuation index (FAI) in forecasting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS This study conducted a retrospective analysis of 304 patients diagnosed with T2DM who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in our hospital from December 2011 to October 2021. All participants were followed for a period exceeding three years. Detailed clinical data and CCTA imaging features were carefully recorded, encompassing lesion-specific pericoronary FAI, FAI of the three prime coronary arteries, features of high-risk plaques, and the coronary artery calcium score (CACS). The MACE included in the study comprised cardiac death, acute coronary syndrome (which encompasses unstable angina pectoris and myocardial infarction), late-phase coronary revascularization procedures, and hospital admissions prompted by heart failure. RESULTS Within the three-year follow-up, 76 patients with T2DM suffered from MACE. The lesion-specific pericoronary FAI in patients who experienced MACE was notably higher compared to those without MACE (-84.87 ± 11.36 Hounsfield Units (HU) vs. -88.65 ± 11.89 HU, p = 0.016). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that CACS ≥ 100 (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.071, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.157-7.683, p < 0.001) and lesion-specific pericoronary FAI higher than - 83.5 HU (HR = 2.400, 95% CI 1.399-4.120, p = 0.001) were independently associated with heightened risk of MACE in patients with T2DM over a three-year period. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with higher lesion-specific pericoronary FAI were more likely to develop MACE (p = 0.0023). Additionally, lesions characterized by higher lesion-specific pericoronary FAI values were found to have a greater proportion of high-risk plaques (p = 0.015). Subgroup analysis indicated that lesion-specific pericoronary FAI higher than - 83.5 HU (HR = 2.017, 95% CI 1.143-3.559, p = 0.015) was independently correlated with MACE in patients with T2DM who have moderate to severe coronary calcification. Moreover, the combination of CACS ≥ 100 and lesion-specific pericoronary FAI>-83.5 HU significantly enhanced the predictive value of MACE in patients with T2DM within 3 years. CONCLUSIONS The elevated lesion-specific pericoronary FAI emerged as an independent prognostic factor for MACE in patients with T2DM, inclusive of those with moderate to severe coronary artery calcification. Incorporating lesion-specific pericoronary FAI with the CACS provided incremental predictive power for MACE in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiju Liu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanhua Zhen
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Jin Shang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuxue Dang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Weishi Ni
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Yujuan Qiao
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yang Hou
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
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Ferreira J, Longatto-Filho A, Afonso J, Roque S, Carneiro AL, Vila I, Silva C, Cunha C, Mesquita A, Cotter J, Correia-Neves M, Mansilha A, Cunha P. Inflammatory Cells in Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle of Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease or Chronic Venous Disease: A Prospective, Observational, and Histological Study. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:121. [PMID: 38667739 PMCID: PMC11050534 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11040121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to assess whether the presence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) correlates with increased inflammatory cell infiltration. An observational, single-centre, and prospective study was conducted from January 2018 to July 2022. Clinical characteristics and anthropometric measures were registered. Consecutive PAD patients with surgical indications for a common femoral artery approach and patients with varicose veins with an indication for surgical ligation of the saphenofemoral junction were included. In both groups, samples of sartorius skeletal muscle, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) were collected from the femoral region. We analysed the characteristics of adipocytes and the presence of haemorrhage and inflammatory cells in the samples of PVAT and SAT via haematoxylin-eosin staining. We found that patients with PAD had significantly more inflammatory cells in PVAT [16 (43.24%) vs. 0 (0%) p = 0.008]. Analysing SAT histology, we observed that patients with PAD had significantly more CD45+ leucocytes upon immunohistochemical staining [32 (72.73%) vs. 3 (27.27%) p = 0.005]. Upon analysing skeletal muscle histology with haematoxylin-eosin staining, we evaluated skeletal fibre preservation, as well as the presence of trauma, haemorrhage, and inflammatory cells. We registered a significantly higher number of inflammatory cells in patients with PAD [well-preserved skeletal fibres: PAD = 26 (63.41%) vs. varicose veins = 3 (37.50%) p = 0.173; trauma: PAD = 4 (9.76%) vs. varicose veins = 2 (25.00%) p = 0.229; haemorrhage: PAD = 6 (14.63%) vs. varicose veins = 0 (0%) p = 0.248; inflammatory cells: PAD = 18 (43.90%) vs. varicose veins = 0 (0%) p = 0.018]. Patients with PAD had a higher number of inflammatory cells in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue (PVAT and SAT) when compared with those with varicose veins, emphasizing the role of inflammation in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Ferreira
- Vascular Surgery Department–Fisiologia e Cirurgia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal (J.A.)
- Centro Académico Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal (C.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associated Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Adhemar Longatto-Filho
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal (J.A.)
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associated Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Department of Pathology (LIM-14), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, SP, Brazil
| | - Julieta Afonso
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal (J.A.)
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associated Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Susana Roque
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal (J.A.)
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associated Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Isabel Vila
- Centro Académico Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal (C.S.)
- Medicine Department, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal
- Center for the Research and Treatment of Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cristina Silva
- Centro Académico Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal (C.S.)
- Medicine Department, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal
- Center for the Research and Treatment of Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cristina Cunha
- Centro Académico Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal (C.S.)
- Medicine Department, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal
- Center for the Research and Treatment of Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Mesquita
- Vascular Surgery Department, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jorge Cotter
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal (J.A.)
- Centro Académico Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal (C.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associated Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Medicine Department, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal
- Center for the Research and Treatment of Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Margarida Correia-Neves
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal (J.A.)
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associated Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Armando Mansilha
- Vascular Surgery Department–Fisiologia e Cirurgia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Cunha
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal (J.A.)
- Centro Académico Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal (C.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associated Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Medicine Department, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal
- Center for the Research and Treatment of Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, 4835-044 Guimarães, Portugal
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Liu Y, Zhao Y, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Miao C, Gu Y. A novel predictive model based on pericarotid adipose tissue and lumen stenosis for stroke risk in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis. J Investig Med 2024; 72:270-278. [PMID: 38183206 DOI: 10.1177/10815589241226728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the predictive value of clinical characteristics, major computed tomography angiography (CTA) indexes of carotid AS (carotid lumen stenosis and plaque burden), and inflammatory pericarotid adipose tissue for acute stroke risk in patients with a moderate or higher degree of carotid stenosis. In all, 119 patients with unilateral carotid stenosis who underwent head and neck computed tomography angiography were included and assigned to the stroke group or non-stroke group according to magnetic resonance imaging. Pericarotid adipose tissue attenuation value, net enhancement value in the base phase and the enhancement phase, and atherosclerotic features (plaque burden and lumen stenosis) were recorded. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and the operating characteristic curve (ROC) were performed to establish a predictive model for the presence of acute ischemic stroke. ROC analysis showed that pericarotid adipose tissue attenuation value and lumen stenosis were predictive factors for stroke. The AUC of pericarotid adipose tissue attenuation (PCAT) attenuation, lumen stenosis, the novel prediction model independently constructed based on PCAT attenuation, and lumen stenosis resulted in 0.838 (95% CI 0.759-0.899), 0.700 (95% CI 0.826-0.944), and 0.942 (95% CI 0.884-0.977), respectively. The model had a sensitivity and specificity of 0.909 and 0.893, respectively, when the cutoff value was 0.388. We found that the risk model combining pericarotid adipose tissue attenuation value and lumen stenosis has significant predictive values for the presence of symptomatic stroke among patients with a moderate or higher degree of carotid stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yinan Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhongping Guo
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Chongchang Miao
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Liu Y, Zhao Y, Guo Z, Li M, Shan H, Zhang Y, Miao C, Gu Y. Pericarotid Fat Stranding at Computed Tomography Angiography: A Marker of the Short-Term Prognosis of Acute Ischemic Stroke. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2024; 48:311-316. [PMID: 37876252 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000001555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Perivascular epicardial fat stranding detected in the coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography is associated with culprit lesions and provides helpful information on the risk of acute coronary syndrome. This study aimed to evaluate the potential clinical significance of pericarotid fat stranding (PCFS) and investigate the association between PCFS and short-term prognosis in acute stroke using head and neck CT angiography (CTA). METHODS This study included 80 patients (mean age, 69.69 ± 11.03; 58 men) who underwent both head and neck CTA and magnetic resonance imaging within a 1-week period. Baseline characteristics, pericarotid adipose tissue attenuation, plaque characteristics, ischemic penumbra, infarct core volume, infarct core growth rate (CGR), and the grade of collateral status were recorded and compared between a PCFS group and a non-PCFS group. Data were compared using the 2-sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher exact test, and Spearman rank correlation analysis. RESULTS We found that patients with PCFS had a significantly higher pericarotid adipose tissue density than patients without PCFS (-55.75 ± 5.53 vs -65.82 ± 9.65, P < 0.001). Patients with PCFS showed a larger infarct core volume (166.43 ± 73.07 vs 91.43 ± 55.03, P = 0.001) and faster CGR (39.57 ± 12.01 vs 19.83 ± 32.77; P < 0.001), and the frequency of adverse prognosis was more significant than in control participants (83.33% vs 19.11%). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with PCFS showed higher CGR, which was substantially related to worse outcomes in patients with acute stroke with ipsilateral carotid atherosclerosis. Recognition of PCFS may help predict stroke prognosis and allow doctors to take early action to improve patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- From the Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, People's Republic of China
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Wei JH, Qi H, Zhou Y, Hou HT, He GW, Yang Q. Homocysteine impairs the anticontractile/vasorelaxing activity of perivascular adipose tissue surrounding human internal mammary artery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2023; 64:ezad406. [PMID: 38070151 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezad406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounding human internal mammary artery (IMA) possesses anticontractile property. Its function under pathological conditions is barely studied. We previously reported that homocysteine impairs the vasodilator function of IMA through endothelium and smooth muscle-dependent mechanisms. This study investigated the effect of homocysteine on the function of PVAT and the associated mechanisms. METHODS Residual IMA tissues were collected from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Vasoreactivity was studied using myograph. Adiponectin was measured by ELISA. Expressions of adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs), eNOS and p-eNOS were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot. RESULTS Exposure to homocysteine augmented the contractile responses of PVAT-intact IMA to U46619 and potassium chloride, regardless with or without endothelium. Such augmentation was also observed in skeletonized IMA with transferred, homocysteine-exposed PVAT. Homocysteine attenuated the relaxant response of PVAT-intact while endothelium-denuded vessels to acetylcholine. Homocysteine lowered adiponectin content in the PVAT, downregulated the expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 as well as eNOS and p-eNOS in skeletonized IMA. The relaxant response of skeletonized IMA to AdipoR agonist AdipoRon was blunted by homocysteine or eNOS inhibitor, and homocysteine significantly attenuated the inhibitory effect of eNOS inhibitor on AdipoRon-induced relaxation. CONCLUSIONS Homocysteine impairs the anticontractile/vasorelaxing activity of PVAT surrounding the IMA through inhibiting adiponectin/AdipoR/eNOS/nitric oxide signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Wei
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College & Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hang Qi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College & Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College & Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hai-Tao Hou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College & Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guo-Wei He
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College & Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Qin Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College & Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Cheng CK, Ding H, Jiang M, Yin H, Gollasch M, Huang Y. Perivascular adipose tissue: Fine-tuner of vascular redox status and inflammation. Redox Biol 2023; 62:102683. [PMID: 36958248 PMCID: PMC10038789 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) refers to the aggregate of adipose tissue surrounding the vasculature, exhibiting the phenotypes of white, beige and brown adipocytes. PVAT has emerged as an active modulator of vascular homeostasis and pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases in addition to its structural role to provide mechanical support to blood vessels. More specifically, PVAT is closely involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and inflammation along the vascular tree, through the tight interaction between PVAT and cellular components of the vascular wall. Furthermore, the phenotype-genotype of PVAT at different regions of vasculature varies corresponding to different cardiovascular risks. During ageing and obesity, the cellular proportions and signaling pathways of PVAT vary in favor of cardiovascular pathogenesis by promoting ROS generation and inflammation. Physiological means and drugs that alter PVAT mass, components and signaling may provide new therapeutic insights in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we aim to provide an updated understanding towards PVAT in the context of redox regulation, and to highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting PVAT against cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chak Kwong Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Huanyu Ding
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Minchun Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huiyong Yin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Ren Y, Zhang H. Emerging role of exosomes in vascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1090909. [PMID: 36937921 PMCID: PMC10017462 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1090909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are biological small spherical lipid bilayer vesicles secreted by most cells in the body. Their contents include nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Exosomes can transfer material molecules between cells and consequently have a variety of biological functions, participating in disease development while exhibiting potential value as biomarkers and therapeutics. Growing evidence suggests that exosomes are vital mediators of vascular remodeling. Endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), inflammatory cells, and adventitial fibroblasts (AFs) can communicate through exosomes; such communication is associated with inflammatory responses, cell migration and proliferation, and cell metabolism, leading to changes in vascular function and structure. Essential hypertension (EH), atherosclerosis (AS), and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are the most common vascular diseases and are associated with significant vascular remodeling. This paper reviews the latest research progress on the involvement of exosomes in vascular remodeling through intercellular information exchange and provides new ideas for understanding related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Honggang Zhang
- Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Honggang Zhang,
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You D, Yu H, Wang Z, Wei X, Wu X, Pan C. The correlation of pericoronary adipose tissue with coronary artery disease and left ventricular function. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:398. [PMID: 36068548 PMCID: PMC9446702 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02843-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We sought to investigate the correlation of pericoronary adipose tissue with coronary artery disease and left ventricular (LV) function. Methods Participants with clinically suspected coronary artery disease were enrolled. All participants underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and echocardiography followed by invasive coronary angiography (ICA) within 6 months. Pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) was extracted to analyze the correlation with the Gensini score and LV function parameters, including IVS, LVPW, LVEDD, LVESD, LVEDV, LVESV, FS, LVEF, LVM, and LVMI. The correlation between PCAT and the Gensini score was assessed using Spearman’s correlation analysis, and that between the PCAT volume or FAI and LV function parameters was determined using partial correlation analysis. Results One hundred and fifty-nine participants (mean age, 64.55 ± 10.64 years; men, 65.4% [104/159]) were included in the final analysis. Risk factors for coronary artery disease, such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and a history of smoking or drinking, had no significant association with PCAT (P > 0.05), and there was also no correlation between PCAT and the Gensini score. However, the LAD-FAI was positively correlated with the IVS (r = 0.203, P = 0.013), LVPW (r = 0.218, P = 0.008), LVEDD (r = 0.317, P < 0.001), LVESD (r = 0.298, P < 0.001), LVEDV (r = 0.317, P < 0.001), LVESV (r = 0.301, P < 0.001), LVM (r = 0.371, P < 0.001), and LVMI (r = 0.304, P < 0.001). Also, the LCX-FAI was positively correlated with the LVEDD (r = 0.199, P = 0.015), LVESD (r = 0.190, P = 0.021), LVEDV (r = 0.203, P = 0.013), LVESV (r = 0.197, P = 0.016), LVM (r = 0.220, P = 0.007), and LVMI (r = 0.172, P = 0.036), and the RCA-FAI was positively correlated with the LVEDD (r = 0.258, P = 0.002), LVESD (r = 0.238, P = 0.004), LVEDV (r = 0.266, P = 0.001), LVESV (r = 0.249, P = 0.002), LVM (r = 0.237, P = 0.004), and LVMI (r = 0.218, P = 0.008), respectively. Finally, the total volume was positively correlated with FS (r = 0.167, P = 0.042). Conclusion The FAI was positively correlated with the LV function but was not associated with the severity of coronary artery disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-022-02843-y. A significant correlation exists between the fat attenuation index (FAI) and left ventricular function parameters. Our results suggest that cardiac mortality caused by an increased FAI may be due to changes in the left ventricular function. Pericoronary adipose tissue did not correlate with the body mass index or risk factors of coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshu You
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wei
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangxiang Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changjie Pan
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China.
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Brabenec L, Hellenthal KEM, Müller M, Kintrup S, Zurek-Leffers F, Kardell M, Otto M, Wagner NM. Procalcitonin mediates vascular dysfunction in obesity. Life Sci 2022; 307:120889. [PMID: 35998685 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Obesity is accompanied by a chronic low-grade inflammation associated with endothelial dysfunction and vascular complications. Procalcitonin is a marker of inflammation, secreted by adipose tissue and elevated in obese subjects. We here investigated whether visceral or perivascular fat-derived procalcitonin is a target to improve obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Procalcitonin expression was identified by Western blot. Murine endothelial cells were isolated using CD31-antibody-coated magnetic beads and reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide (NO) determined by H2DCF- or DAF-FM diacetate loading. Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation was analyzed using pressure myography of murine arterioles. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was used to activate the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR)/RAMP1 complex and olcegepant or the dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor sitagliptin to block procalcitonin signaling or activation. KEY FINDINGS In addition to visceral adipose tissue, procalcitonin was present in perivascular and epicardial tissue. In concentrations typical for obesity, procalcitonin doubled reactive oxygen species formation and decreased endothelial nitric oxide production in murine endothelial cells. Intravenous delivery of procalcitonin to mice in obesity-associated concentrations impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in a CRLR/RAMP1-dependent manner and antagonized CGRP-induced endothelial NO release in vitro. Use of CRLR/RAMP1-receptor antagonist olcegepant counteracted procalcitonin effects on vasodilation, nitric oxide production and reactive oxygen species formation. Similarly, blocking procalcitonin activation by the DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin antagonized endothelial procalcitonin effects. SIGNIFICANCE Procalcitonin, liberated either from visceral or perivascular adipose tissue, contributes to endothelial dysfunction by antagonizing CGRP signaling in obesity. Targeting hyperprocalcitonemia may be a means to preserve endothelial function and reduce comorbidity burden in obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Brabenec
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina E M Hellenthal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Melanie Müller
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kintrup
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Finnja Zurek-Leffers
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marina Kardell
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mandy Otto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nana-Maria Wagner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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10
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Meng Q, Xu Y, Ling X, Liu H, Ding S, Wu H, Yan D, Fang X, Li T, Liu Q. Role of ferroptosis-related genes in coronary atherosclerosis and identification of key genes: integration of bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:339. [PMID: 35906548 PMCID: PMC9338511 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary atherosclerosis (CA) is the most common type of atherosclerosis. However, the inherent pathogenesis and mechanisms of CA are unclear, and the relationship with ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to use bioinformatics techniques to evaluate potential therapeutic targets for CA.Please provide the given name for author “Dingshun”.Please provide the given name for author “Dingshun”.
Methods First, the GSE132651 dataset was acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis, and Protein–Protein interaction network were successively conducted. Next, overlapping genes between hub genes and CA genes were found. FRGs were found when comparing the CA group with the normal group. The correlation between overlapping genes and FRGs was further analyzed. At last, we performed Elisa to validate the expression of these genes in human blood specimens. Mice aortic tissues were used for western blot to detect the expression of proteins. Results Based on the GSE132651 dataset, 102 differentially expressed genes were identified. Five overlapping genes between hub genes and CA genes were found (CCNA2, RRM2, PBK, PCNA, CDK1). TFRC and GPX4 were found to be FRGs. TFRC was positively correlated with CCNA2, PBK, PCNA, CDK1, RRM2, with CDK1 being the strongest correlation. GPX4 was negatively correlated with these genes, among which CCNA2 was the strongest correlation. The ELISA results showed that CCNA2, CDK1, and TFRC expression were markedly increased in serum of the CA samples compared with controls, while GPX4 expression was markedly decreased in the CA samples. The western blot results show that GPX4 expression was lower in the model group, TFRC, CDK1, and CCNA2 protein expression were high in the model group. Conclusions Ferroptosis-related genes GPX4 and TFRC were closely correlated with the identified overlapping genes CCNA2 and CDK1, which may serve as targeted therapies for the treatment of CA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-022-02747-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Meng
- Deparment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China.,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Brain Research and Transformation, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Yiqian Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Xuebin Ling
- Deparment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Huajiang Liu
- Deparment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Shun Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Haolin Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Dongming Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Xingyue Fang
- Deparment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Tianfa Li
- Deparment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China.
| | - Qibing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China. .,Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China.
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11
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Emfietzoglou M, Mavrogiannis MC, Samaras A, Rampidis GP, Giannakoulas G, Kampaktsis PN. The role of cardiac computed tomography in predicting adverse coronary events. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:920119. [PMID: 35911522 PMCID: PMC9334665 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.920119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac computed tomography (CCT) is now considered a first-line diagnostic test for suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) providing a non-invasive, qualitative, and quantitative assessment of the coronary arteries and pericoronary regions. CCT assesses vascular calcification and coronary lumen narrowing, measures total plaque burden, identifies plaque composition and high-risk plaque features and can even assist with hemodynamic evaluation of coronary lesions. Recent research focuses on computing coronary endothelial shear stress, a potent modulator in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, as well as differentiating an inflammatory from a non-inflammatory pericoronary artery environment using the simple measurement of pericoronary fat attenuation index. In the present review, we discuss the role of the above in the diagnosis of coronary atherosclerosis and the prediction of adverse cardiovascular events. Additionally, we review the current limitations of cardiac computed tomography as an imaging modality and highlight how rapid technological advancements can boost its capacity in predicting cardiovascular risk and guiding clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Emfietzoglou
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michail C. Mavrogiannis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Polydoros N. Kampaktsis
- Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Polydoros N. Kampaktsis
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12
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Liu Y, Sun Y, Lin X, Zhang D, Hu C, Liu J, Zhu Y, Gao A, Han H, Chai M, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Zhou Y. Perivascular adipose-derived exosomes reduce macrophage foam cell formation through miR-382-5p and the BMP4-PPARγ-ABCA1/ABCG1 pathways. Vascul Pharmacol 2022; 143:106968. [PMID: 35123060 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.106968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) releases exosomes (EXOs) to regulate vascular homeostasis. PVAT-derived EXOs reduce macrophage foam cell formation, but the underlying molecular mechanism has yet to be fully elucidated. We hypothesize that PVAT release miRNA through EXOs and regulate the expression of cholesterol transporter of macrophages, thereby reducing foam cell formation. Methods and results Through RT-qPCR, we identified that miR-382-5p, which was expressed at lower levels in PVAT-EXOs from coronary atherosclerotic heart disease patients than healthy individuals, was expressed at higher levels in wild-type C57BL/6 J mouse aortic PVAT-EXOs than in subcutaneous adipose tissue-derived EXOs. We explored macrophage lipid accumulation through oil red O staining, assessed cholesterol uptake and efflux, and verified cholesterol transporter expression. We found that transfection with a miR-382-5p inhibitor offset PVAT-EXO-related reductions in macrophage foam cell formation and increases in cholesterol efflux mediated by ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABGA1). In addition, bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) pretreatment and si-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) transfection showed that BMP4-PPARγ participated in PVAT-EXO-mediated upregulation of the cholesterol efflux transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1. Conclusions PVAT-EXOs reduce macrophage foam cell formation through miR-382-5p- and BMP4-PPARγ-mediated upregulation of the cholesterol efflux transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1. This finding suggests a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xuze Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jinxing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ang Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hongya Han
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Meng Chai
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yujie Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing 100029, China
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13
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Qiu X, Lin J, Chen Y, Liang B, Li L. Identification of Hub Genes Associated with Abnormal Endothelial Function in Early Coronary Atherosclerosis. Biochem Genet 2021; 60:1189-1204. [PMID: 34800203 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal coronary endothelial function is an important step in the development of atherosclerosis. Coronary atherosclerosis is one of the main causes of death worldwide. We constructed a co-expression network to identify hub genes associated with abnormal coronary endothelial function in early coronary atherosclerosis. In brief, we used the GSE132651 dataset from the gene expression omnibus database. The top 5000 genes with greatest variances were used for weighted gene co-expression network analysis, and the module most strongly correlated with abnormal coronary endothelial function was chosen as key module. Functional enrichment analysis was performed for genes in the key module, a protein-protein interaction network was constructed to find hub genes, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was also performed. Genes were classified into 7 modules, with the midnightblue module being the one that was most related to abnormal coronary endothelial function and containing genes enriched in DNA replication, cell cycle, nucleotide excision repair, and Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 infection. We identified nine hub genes (HOXC5, PRND, PADI3, RC3H1, DAPP1, SIT1, DRICH1, GPRIN2, and RHO), which differently expressed in abnormal and normal coronary endothelial function samples. GSEA suggested that samples associated with abnormal coronary endothelial function and highly expressed hub genes were linked with immune, coagulation, hypoxia, and angiogenesis processes. These hub genes, their expression pattern, and pathways may be involved in the development of abnormal coronary endothelial function and promotion of early coronary atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyan Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbing Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bixiao Liang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Liu Y, Sun Y, Lin X, Zhang D, Hu C, Liu J, Zhu Y, Gao A, Han H, Chai M, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Zhao Y. Perivascular Adipose-Derived Exosomes Reduce Foam Cell Formation by Regulating Expression of Cholesterol Transporters. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:697510. [PMID: 34490366 PMCID: PMC8416751 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.697510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidence demonstrates that perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) plays an important role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. The formation of macrophage foam cells is a central feature of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of PVAT-derived exosomes (EXOs) on the lipid accumulation of macrophages and verify the anti-atherogenic characteristics of PVAT. Methods and Results: We extracted EXOs from the PVAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) of wild-type C57BL/6J mice. After coincubation, the EXOs were taken up by RAW264.7 cells. Oil Red O staining revealed that macrophage foam cell formation and intracellular lipid accumulation were ameliorated by PVAT-EXOs. Flow cytometry showed that PVAT-EXOs significantly reduced macrophage uptake of fluorescence-labelled oxidised low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). In addition, high-density lipoprotein-induced cholesterol efflux was promoted by PVAT-EXOs. Western blot analysis showed the downregulation of macrophage scavenger receptor A and the upregulation of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 and ATP-binding cassette transporter G1, which could be mediated by the overexpression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and was independent of liver X receptor α. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that PVAT-EXOs reduce macrophage foam cell formation by regulating the expression of cholesterol transport proteins, which provides a novel mechanism by which PVAT protects the vasculature from atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xuze Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Hongya Han
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Chai
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
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15
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Zhang DH, Jin JL, Zhu CF, Chen QY, He XW. Association between carotid artery perivascular fat density and cerebral small vessel disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:18839-18851. [PMID: 34289452 PMCID: PMC8351687 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Studies aiming to identify the significance of the carotid artery perivascular fat density are limited. The present study investigated the distribution pattern of pericarotid fat and its association with imaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). In total, 572 subjects who underwent both neck computed tomography angiography and cranial magnetic resonance imaging were analyzed. The pericarotid fat density near the origin of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and imaging markers of CSVD, such as lacunes, white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and dilated perivascular spaces (PVSs), were assessed. We found that an increased pericarotid fat density was associated with the presence of lacunes and a higher WMH grade in all subjects, but in the patients with acute ischemic stroke, there was a difference only among the WMH grades. There was no significant difference in the pericarotid fat density in different grades of PVSs. The patients with acute ischemic stroke had a significantly higher mean pericarotid fat density than those without stroke. In conclusion, our study provides evidence suggesting that an increased pericarotid fat density is associated with the presence and degree of WMHs and lacunes. Our findings suggested that features that appear to extend beyond the vessel lumen of the ICA may be linked to CSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou 317700, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiao-Lei Jin
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou 317700, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng-Fei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou 317700, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Chen
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou 317700, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-Wei He
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou 317700, Zhejiang, China
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Liang Y, Wang M, Wang C, Liu Y, Naruse K, Takahashi K. The Mechanisms of the Development of Atherosclerosis in Prediabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084108. [PMID: 33921168 PMCID: PMC8071517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle changes, such as overeating and underexercising, can increase the risk of prediabetes. Diabetes is one of the leading causes of atherosclerosis, and recently it became clear that the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis progresses even before the onset of diabetic symptoms. In addition to changes in platelets and leukocytes in the hyperglycemic state and damage to vascular endothelial cells, extracellular vesicles and microRNAs were found to be involved in the progression of prediabetes atherosclerosis. This review discusses the cellular and molecular mechanisms of these processes, with an intention to enable a comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology of prediabetes and atherosclerosis.
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