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Kodesh E, Navot-Mintzer D, Livshitz L, Shub I, Or T. The effects of a multi-day cross-country mountain bike race on myocardial function, stress, inflammation and cardiac biomarkers in amateur master athletes. Res Sports Med 2024; 32:425-442. [PMID: 36134901 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2022.2125316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of a multi-day mountain bike race on amateur master athlete cyclists (AMA). AMA (50±5 years) completed 2 stages of a mountain bike race. Six weeks before racing, echocardiography, blood and maximal cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPET) were performed. One hour after completion of each race stage, echocardiography measurements were taken and blood was sampled for stress, inflammatory and cardiac biomarkers. Main outcomes of the CPET were maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) 50.7±6.5 ml/kg/min; maximal power 328±45 Watt and ventilatory threshold of 86%VO2max. Participants completed 95.7km with an elevation of 1650m on the first day, and 92.5km with an elevation of 1410m on the second day, with completion times of 357±42 and 390 ±43 minutes, respectively. After racing, increases in Creatine Phosphokinase and C-reactive protein (3-6 fold) (p<0.001), Troponin I (4-fold) (p<0.001) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-Pro BNP) (4-7-fold) (p<0.001) were noted, with a reduction in the myocardial global work index of 17-24% (p<0.001). No correlations were found between Troponin I or NT-Pro BNP and myocardial global work index. Highly aerobically fit AMA participating in demanding endurance events demonstrated elevated stress, inflammatory, muscle damage and cardiac biomarkers. However, these changes did not significantly correlate with altered cardiac function. In addition, consecutive days of demanding prolonged cycling exercise did not have cumulative effects on the measured myocardial parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einat Kodesh
- Physical Therapy department, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dalya Navot-Mintzer
- The Ribstein Center for Sports Medicine and Research, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
| | - Liora Livshitz
- Cardiology Department, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Idit Shub
- The Ribstein Center for Sports Medicine and Research, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
| | - Tsafrir Or
- Cardiology Department, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Israel
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Cirovic S, Malmgren A, Kurdie R, Bilal D, Dencker M, Gudmundsson P. Vortex formation time in female athletes. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2024; 40:373-384. [PMID: 38008878 PMCID: PMC10884071 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-023-02995-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Regular, vigorous physical activity can have a significant impact on cardiac function, leading to cardiac morphological alterations that may be challenging to distinguish from pathological changes. Therefore, new screening methods are needed to accurately differentiate between adaptive changes and pathological alterations in athletes. Vortex formation time (VFT) is an emerging method that shows potential in this regard, as it involves the formation of a rotating vortex ring in the left ventricle during the early filling phase of diastole. In this study, we investigated the difference in VFT between two groups of women: professional handball players and healthy middle-aged female athletes, along with their corresponding control groups. By using echocardiography-Doppler analysis of the heart, VFT was calculated based on the left ventricular ejection fraction, the ratio between the end-diastolic volume and the diameter of the mitral annulus, and the ratio of the atrial contraction volume to the total inflow via the mitral valve. The study reveals a significant increase in VFT in both professional handball players and middle-aged female athletes compared to their respective control groups. Moreover, statistically significant differences between handball players and middle-aged female athletes were observed, indicating that the level of physical activity may affect the VFT. These results suggest that VFT could be a promising screening tool for identifying cardiac adaptations due to long-term vigorous training, potentially enabling more accurate diagnoses of cardiac morphological alterations in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Cirovic
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, 205 06, Sweden.
| | - Andreas Malmgren
- Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, 205 06, Sweden
| | - Rayane Kurdie
- Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, 205 06, Sweden
| | - Dejan Bilal
- Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, 205 06, Sweden
| | - Magnus Dencker
- Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, 205 06, Sweden
| | - Petri Gudmundsson
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, 205 06, Sweden
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Kienast C, Biere K, Coker RH, Genov NN, Jörres M, Maggioni MA, Mascarell-Maricic L, Schalt A, Genov M, Gunga HC, Steinach M. Adiponectin, leptin, cortisol, neuropeptide Y and profile of mood states in athletes participating in an ultramarathon during winter: An observational study. Front Physiol 2022; 13:970016. [PMID: 36579027 PMCID: PMC9791263 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.970016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Montane® Yukon Arctic Ultra (YAU) is one of the longest (690 km) and coldest (+10.6°C-43.9°C) ultramarathons worldwide. Taking part in an ultramarathon is associated with great physiological and psychological stress, which can affect one's mood, level of hormones, and peptides. The current study aimed to identify relationships between peptides, hormones, and mood states in participants during this ultramarathon. Methods: The study cohort consisted of 36 participants (19 men, 17 women, 38.64 ± 9.12 years) split into a finisher (n = 10), non-finisher (n = 19), and control group (n = 7). Data were collected at four time points: baseline (PRE), during (D1 after 277 km, D2 after 383 km), and after the race (POST). Questionnaires were used to assess ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), total quality of recovery (TQR), and profile of mood states (POMS-SF). Serum NPY, leptin, adiponectin, and cortisol were measured. Results: Among non-finishers, scores for confusion, anger, depression, and tension-anxiety (PRE vs. D2, p < 0.05) increased, while vigor decreased (PRE vs. D1, p < 0.05). In contrast, finishers' tension-anxiety scores decreased (PRE vs. D1, p < 0.05). Fatigue increased in finishers (PRE vs. POST, p < 0.05) and non-finishers (PRE vs. D1, p < 0.05). In non-finishers, depressive mood correlated positively with leptin, anger, and confusion at several time points (p < 0.001). In finishers, NPY correlated with TQR at PRE (p < 0.05), while leptin correlated negatively with TQR at POST (p < 0.05). Tension-anxiety correlated highly with perceived exertion in non-finishers (p < 0.001) and with cortisol in finishers (p < 0.05) and non-finishers (p < 0.001). In finishers, confusion correlated negatively with NPY (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The study reveals an essential interplay between hormones and mood states affecting performance: Leptin was associated with anger and a depressive mood state in non-finishers and worse recovery in finishers. In contrast, NPY appeared linked to a lower confusion score and heightened recovery in finishers. A simultaneous increase in depressed mood, anger, tension-anxiety, and confusion might harm performance and lead to race failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Kienast
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany,*Correspondence: Camilla Kienast,
| | - Katharina Biere
- Laboratory of Translational Research “Stress and Immunity”, Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert H. Coker
- Montana Center for Work Physiology and Exercise Metabolism, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | | | - Marc Jörres
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Anna Maggioni
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lea Mascarell-Maricic
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adriane Schalt
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Magdalena Genov
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanns-Christian Gunga
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Steinach
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Running for Your Life: Metabolic Effects of a 160.9/230 km Non-Stop Ultramarathon Race on Body Composition, Inflammation, Heart Function, and Nutritional Parameters. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12111138. [DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Moderate endurance exercise leads to an improvement in cardiovascular performance, stress resilience, and blood function. However, the influence of chronic endurance exercise over several hours or days is still largely unclear. We examined the influence of a non-stop 160.9/230 km ultramarathon on body composition, stress/cardiac response, and nutrition parameters. Blood samples were drawn before (pre) and after the race (post) and analyzed for ghrelin, insulin, irisin, glucagon, cortisol, kynurenine, neopterin, and total antioxidant capacity. Additional measurements included heart function by echocardiography, nutrition questionnaires, and body impedance analyses. Of the 28 included ultra-runners (7f/21m), 16 participants dropped out during the race. The remaining 12 finishers (2f/10m) showed depletion of antioxidative capacities and increased inflammation/stress (neopterin/cortisol), while energy metabolism (insulin/glucagon/ghrelin) remained unchanged despite a high negative energy balance. Free fat mass, protein, and mineral content decreased and echocardiography revealed a lower stroke volume, left end diastolic volume, and ejection fraction post race. Optimizing nutrition (high-density protein-rich diet) during the race may attenuate the observed catabolic and inflammatory effects induced by ultramarathon running. As a rapidly growing discipline, new strategies for health prevention and extensive monitoring are needed to optimize the athletes’ performance.
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Mauvieux B, Hingrand C, Drigny J, Hodzic A, Baron P, Hurdiel R, Jouffroy R, Vauthier JC, Pessiglione M, Wiehler A, Degache F, Pavailler S, Heyman E, Plard M, Noirez P, Dubois B, Esculier JF, Nguyen AP, Van Cant J, Roy Baillargeon O, Pairot de Fontenay B, Delaunay PL, Besnard S. Study of the kinetics of the determinants of performance during a mountain ultra marathon: Multidisciplinary protocol of the first Trail Scientifique de Clécy 2021 (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e38027. [PMID: 35704381 PMCID: PMC9244647 DOI: 10.2196/38027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The growing interest of the scientific community in trail running has highlighted the acute effects of practice at the time of these races on isolated aspects of physiological and structural systems; biological, physiological, cognitive, and muscular functions; and the psychological state of athletes. However, no integrative study has been conducted under these conditions with so many participants and monitoring of pre-, per-, and postrace variables for up to 10 days over a distance close to 100 miles. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the kinetics of the performance parameters during a 156 km trail run and 6000 m of elevation gain in pre-, per-, and postrace conditions. The general hypothesis is based on significant alterations in the psychological, physiological, mechanical, biological, and cognitive parameters. Methods The Trail Scientifique de Clécy took place on November 11, 2021. This prospective experimental study provides a comprehensive exploration of the constraints and adaptations of psychophysiological and sociological variables assessed in real race conditions during a trail running of 156 km on hilly ground and 6000 m of elevation gain (D+). The study protocol allowed for repeatability of study measurements under the same experimental conditions during the race, with the race being divided into 6 identical loops of 26 km and 1000 m D+. Measurements were conducted the day before and the morning of the race, at the end of each lap, after a pit stop, and up to 10 days after the race. A total of 55 participants were included, 43 (78%) men and 12 (22%) women, who were experienced in ultra–trail-running events and with no contraindications to the practice of this sport. Results The launch of the study was authorized on October 26, 2021, under the trial number 21-0166 after a favorable opinion from the Comité de Protection des Personnes Ouest III (21.09.61/SIRIPH 2G 21.01586.000009). Of the 55 runners enrolled, 41 (75%) completed the race and 14 (25%) dropped out for various reasons, including gastric problems, hypothermia, fatigue, and musculoskeletal injuries. All the measurements for each team were completed in full. The race times (ie, excluding the measurements) ranged from 17.8206 hours for the first runner to 35.9225 hours for the last runner. The average time to complete all measurements for each lap was 64 (SD 3) minutes. Conclusions The Trail Scientifique de Clécy, by its protocol, allowed for a multidisciplinary approach to the discipline. This approach will allow for the explanation of the studied parameters in relation to each other and observation of the systems of dependence and independence. The initial results are expected in June 2022. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR1-10.2196/38027
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joffrey Drigny
- U1075 Comete/INSERM, Université de Caen, Caen, France
- Unité de Médecine du Sport, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Amir Hodzic
- U1075 Comete/INSERM, Université de Caen, Caen, France
- Unité de Médecine du Sport, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Pauline Baron
- ULR 7369 - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Rémy Hurdiel
- ULR 7369 - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Romain Jouffroy
- Intensive Care Unit, Anaethesiology, SAMU, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- IRMES - Institute for Research in Medicine and Epidemiology of Sport, Institut National du Sport, de l'Expertise et de la Performance, Paris, France
- INSERM U-1018, Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Paris Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Charles Vauthier
- Departement de Medecine Générale, Faculté de Médecine - Département du Grand Est de recherche en soins primaires, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Mathias Pessiglione
- Motivation, Brain and Behavior lab, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière Inserm U1127, CNRS U9225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC-Paris 6), Paris, France
| | - Antonius Wiehler
- Motivation, Brain and Behavior lab, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière Inserm U1127, CNRS U9225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC-Paris 6), Paris, France
| | | | | | - Elsa Heyman
- ULR 7369 - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société, Université de Lille, LILLE, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Plard
- Espace et Sociétés UMR 6590 CNRS, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Philippe Noirez
- Performance Santé Métrologie Société (EA7507), Université Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | | | | | - Anh Phong Nguyen
- La Clinique du Coureur, Lac Beauport, QC, Canada
- Neuromusculoskeletal Laboratory, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain La Neuve, Belgium
| | - Joachim Van Cant
- La Clinique du Coureur, Lac Beauport, QC, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Institut Parnasse-ISEI, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Stéphane Besnard
- Explorations Fonctionnelles Neurologiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Caen, France
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