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Liu Y, Wang Y. A comparative study of the efficacy of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization and massage techniques in patients with patellofemoral joint pain. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1305733. [PMID: 38020090 PMCID: PMC10679753 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1305733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) and manipulative therapy Tui-na techniques in the treatment of patients with patellofemoral joint pain syndrome, and to evaluate their impact on pain relief, functional improvement, and joint range of motion. Methods In this study, 25 patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome were enrolled, comprising of an intervention group of 13 patients who received IASTM treatment and a control group of 12 patients who received Tui-na manipulation therapy. The treatment cycle lasted for 4 weeks, featuring two interventions per week. Before treatment, the visual analog pain scale (VAS) of the knee, Lysholm score of the knee, modified Thomas test (MTT), and maximum isometric strength of the extensor muscles of the lower limbs were measured and recorded for both groups. After the first and last treatments, the aforementioned indexes were reassessed, and the maximum isometric muscle strength of the lower extremity extensors was measured only after 4 weeks of treatment had been completed. Results There was no significant difference in the basic information of the two intervention groups (p > 0. 05). After the first treatment and 4 weeks of treatment, the Lysholm score in both groups significantly improved (p < 0. 05), indicating that both interventions can improve the function of patients' lower limbs. However, the Lysholm score in the IASTM group significantly increased compared with that of the massage group after 4 weeks of treatment, indicating that its improvement in functional performance is superior. Both groups showed significant improvement in knee joint pain after the first treatment and 4 weeks of treatment (p < 0. 05), with the IASTM group having a lower VAS score and better pain improvement after 4 weeks of treatment. The strength of the two intervention groups significantly increased after the maximum isometric muscle strength test of the lower limb extensor muscles before and after 4 weeks of treatment (p < 0. 05). After the MTT test, the extension angle, deviation angle, and hip abduction angle of the tested legs in the two intervention groups were significantly reduced (p < 0. 001), indicating an improvement in lower limb joint mobility. Conclusion Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization treatment and Tui-na manipulation therapy significantly reduced pain, improved knee flexibility, and increased range of motion of the lower extremity in patients with PFPS. However, IASTM treatment significantly improved pain and function and sustained pain in the short to medium-term post-trial period. Clinical trial registration www.isrctn.com, ISRCTN88098928.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- SchoolGraduate School of Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yidan Wang
- Faculty of Sports and Exercise Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Cook JD, Gratton MKP, Bender AM, Werthner P, Lawson D, Pedlar CR, Kipps C, Bastien CH, Samuels CH, Charest J. Sleep Health, Individual Characteristics, Lifestyle Factors, and Marathon Completion Time in Marathon Runners: A Retrospective Investigation of the 2016 London Marathon. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1346. [PMID: 37759947 PMCID: PMC10527296 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite sleep health being critically important for athlete performance and well-being, sleep health in marathoners is understudied. This foundational study explored relations between sleep health, individual characteristics, lifestyle factors, and marathon completion time. Data were obtained from the 2016 London Marathon participants. Participants completed the Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) along with a brief survey capturing individual characteristics and lifestyle factors. Sleep health focused on the ASSQ sleep difficulty score (SDS) and its components. Linear regression computed relations among sleep, individual, lifestyle, and marathon variables. The analytic sample (N = 943) was mostly male (64.5%) and young adults (66.5%). A total of 23.5% of the sample reported sleep difficulties (SDS ≥ 8) at a severity warranting follow-up with a trained sleep provider. Middle-aged adults generally reported significantly worse sleep health characteristics, relative to young adults, except young adults reported significantly longer sleep onset latency (SOL). Sleep tracker users reported worse sleep satisfaction. Pre-bedtime electronic device use was associated with longer SOL and longer marathon completion time, while increasing SOL was also associated with longer marathon completion. Our results suggest a deleterious influence of pre-bedtime electronic device use and sleep tracker use on sleep health in marathoners. Orthosomnia may be a relevant factor in the relationship between sleep tracking and sleep health for marathoners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D. Cook
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Matt K. P. Gratton
- Division of Medical Informatics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 66160, USA;
- Social and Behavioral Sciences, Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Amy M. Bender
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (A.M.B.); (P.W.); (C.H.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Penny Werthner
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (A.M.B.); (P.W.); (C.H.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Doug Lawson
- Centre for Sleep and Human Performance, Calgary, AB T2X 3V4, Canada;
| | - Charles R. Pedlar
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health, and Performance Science, Twickenham, St Mary’s University, London TW1 4SX, UK;
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London WC1E 6JB, UK;
| | - Courtney Kipps
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London WC1E 6JB, UK;
| | - Celyne H. Bastien
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Charles H. Samuels
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (A.M.B.); (P.W.); (C.H.S.); (J.C.)
- Centre for Sleep and Human Performance, Calgary, AB T2X 3V4, Canada;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jonathan Charest
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (A.M.B.); (P.W.); (C.H.S.); (J.C.)
- Centre for Sleep and Human Performance, Calgary, AB T2X 3V4, Canada;
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
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Remilly M, Mauvieux B, Drigny J. Personality Traits Associated with the Risk of Exercise Dependence in Ultraendurance Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1042. [PMID: 36673797 PMCID: PMC9858902 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exercise dependence (ED) is common in endurance athletes and can lead to physical and psychological distress with various health effects. We designed a prospective cross-sectional study to investigate the personality traits associated with ED among ultraendurance athletes. A total of 507 participants (41.6 (9.8) years, men: 73.7%) completed (1) a screening questionnaire about sociodemographic data, sporting habits, and healthcare data, (2) the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R, 21 items scored from 1 (never) to 6 (always), 7 subscales), (3) the Big Five Inventory (BFI), and (4) 2 items of the SCOFF (Sick-Control-One Stone-Fat-Food) questionnaire regarding possible eating disorders. Based on the EDS-R scores, 37 (7.3%) participants were at risk for ED (scores ≥ 5/6 on ≥3 subscales), 366 (72.2%) were nondependent but symptomatic (scores ≥ 3/6 on ≥3 subscales), and 104 (20.5%) were asymptomatic. Participants with ED had a greater training volume and a higher prevalence of possible eating disorders. A higher level of neuroticism was associated with increased EDS-R scores (r = 0.294; p < 0.001), with significantly higher scores in the ED group (F = 14.50, p < 0.001). The association between neuroticism and ED was not moderated by the presence of eating disorders. These findings will help to screen ultraendurance athletes at risk for ED and optimize their care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Remilly
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie, Service de Médecine du Sport, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Benoit Mauvieux
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, GIP CYCERON, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Joffrey Drigny
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie, Normandie University, Service de Médecine du Sport, Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, INSERM, COMETE, GIP CYCERON, 14000 Caen, France
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Epidemiology of musculoskeletal injuries in combat sports practitioners. BIOMEDICAL HUMAN KINETICS 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/bhk-2023-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the type of combat sport and the degree of athletic proficiency on the specificity of musculoskeletal injuries suffered by Muay Thai and Mixed Martial Arts practitioners.
Material and methods: The study involved 64 practitioners of two combat sports, MT (age 26.9 ± 8.1, experience 7.4 ± 5.8 years) or MMA (age 26.2 ± 6.4 years, experience 6.6 ± 4.1 years). The research was conducted using a Google Forms survey.
Results: The groups did not differ significantly (p < 0.05) in terms of risk of injury (average 3.1 in MT, 2.6 in MMA). Injuries (mainly fractures 21% and 7% of practitioners) affected the lower limb (44% and 33% practitioners) and were significantly higher in MT, p < 0.05. There were significant (p < 0.05) correlations between training experience and the number of training hours per week compared to the frequency and severity of injuries in both groups.
Conclusion: Injuries to athletes who mainly use striking techniques are more common in the lower limbs and they are more likely to be fractures. Longer training experience, more training hours and a higher level of athletic proficiency significantly increase the risk of injuries and their severity among people practicing both types of combat sports.
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Gómez Carrión Á, Atín Arratibe MDLÁ, Morales Lozano MR, Martínez Rincón C, Martínez Sebastián C, Saura Sempere Á, Nuñez-Fernandez A, Sánchez-Gómez R. Changes in the Kinematics of Midfoot and Rearfoot Joints with the Use of Lateral Wedge Insoles. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154536. [PMID: 35956151 PMCID: PMC9369829 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The lateral wedge insole (LWI) is a typical orthopedic treatment for medial knee osteoarthritis pain, chronic ankle instability, and peroneal tendon disorders. It is still unknown what the effects are in the most important joints of the foot when using LWIs as a treatment for knee and ankle pathologies. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of LWIs on the position of the midfoot and rearfoot joints by measuring the changes using a tracking device. Methods: The study was carried out with a total of 69 subjects. Movement measurements for the midfoot were made on the navicular bone, and for the rearfoot on the calcaneus bone. The Polhemus system was used, with two motion sensors fixed to each bone. Subjects were compared by having them use LWIs versus being barefoot. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the varus movement when wearing a 4 mm LWI (1.23 ± 2.08°, p < 0.001) versus the barefoot condition (0.35 ± 0.95°), and in the plantarflexion movement when wearing a 4 mm LWI (3.02 ± 4.58°, p < 0.001) versus the barefoot condition (0.68 ± 1.34°), in the midfoot. There were also statistically significant differences in the valgus movement when wearing a 7 mm LWI (1.74 ± 2.61°, p < 0.001) versus the barefoot condition (0.40 ± 0.90°), and in the plantar flexion movement when wearing a 4 mm LWI (2.88 ± 4.31°, p < 0.001) versus the barefoot condition (0.35 ± 0.90°), in the rearfoot. Conclusions: In the navicular bone, a varus, an abduction, and plantar flexion movements were generated. In the calcaneus, a valgus, an adduction, and plantar flexion movements were generated with the use of LWIs.
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Castellar-Otín C, Lecina M, Pradas F. Bone Turnover Alterations after Completing a Multistage Ultra-Trail: A Case Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10050798. [PMID: 35627935 PMCID: PMC9141995 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of case studies aimed to assess bone and stress fractures in a 768-km ultra-trail race for 11 days. Four nonprofessional male athletes completed the event without diagnosing any stress fracture. Bone turnover markers (osteocalcin (OC), serum C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and serum turnover calcium (Ca2+)) were assessed before (pre) and after the race (post) and on days two and nine during the recovery period (rec2 and rec9), respectively. Results showed: post-pre-OC = −45.78%, BALP = −61.74%, CTX = +37.28% and Ca2+ = −3.60%. At rec2 and rec9, the four parameters did not return to their pre-run levels: OC, −48.31%; BALP, −61.66%; CTX, +11.93% and Ca2+, −3.38%; and OC = −25.12%, BALP = −54.65%, CTX = +93.41% and Ca2+ = +3.15%), respectively. Our results indicated that the ultra-trail race induced several changes in bone turnover markers, uncoupling of bone metabolism, increased bone resorption: OC and BALP and suppressed bone formation: CTX and Ca2+. Bone turnover markers can help determine the response of bone to extreme effort and might also help predict the risk of stress fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Castellar-Otín
- ENFYRED Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sports, University of Zaragoza, 22002 Huesca, Spain; (C.C.-O.); (F.P.)
| | - Miguel Lecina
- Faculty of Health and Sports, University of Zaragoza, 22002 Huesca, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Francisco Pradas
- ENFYRED Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sports, University of Zaragoza, 22002 Huesca, Spain; (C.C.-O.); (F.P.)
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Injury Incidence and Pattern in Elite Young Male and Female Trail Runners. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the injury incidence in young trail runners according to the body region, type, mode of onset, and moment of occurrence, both in total and detailed by sex. Thirty-five male and sixteen female young elite trail runners, aged between 15 and 22 years, completed a questionnaire regarding the injury incidence in the last 2 years. Comparison of the proportions of the injury incidence within groups (all, male, and female runners) and between groups (male vs. female runners) was computed using z and Fisher’s exact tests. Results showed that most of the injuries in male runners occurred in ankle (54.3%; p < 0.001; ES = 0.520). New injuries were the most common type in male (60.0%; p < 0.001; ES = 0.829) and female runners (52.0%; p = 0.005; ES = 0.585). Acute sudden onset (55.7%; p = 0.002; ES = 0.722) and repetitive sudden onset injuries (48.0%; p = 0.002; ES = 0.141) were the most frequent in male and female athletes, respectively. Joint sprains (48.6%; p < 0.001; 0.464) were the most reported injuries in male runners. Comparative analysis between sexes showed that exacerbation injuries were higher in females (24.0%) than in male runners (8.6%), with p = 0.046 (ES = 0.205). However, female runners reported less incidence by acute sudden onset injuries (32.0%) than male runners (55.7%), with p = 0.042 (ES = 0.209). Young trail runners showed a specific injury profile due to the distinctive characteristics of the mountain terrain compared to the athletic modalities.
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Lecina M, López I, Castellar C, Pradas F. Extreme Ultra-Trail Race Induces Muscular Damage, Risk for Acute Kidney Injury and Hyponatremia: A Case Report. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111323. [PMID: 34769840 PMCID: PMC8582916 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A case study involving a healthy trained male athlete who completed a 786 km multi-stage ultra-trail race. Several markers were analyzed in blood and urine samples: creatinine (SCR) for kidney damage, sodium ([Na+]) for hyponatremia, creatine kinase (CK) for exertional rhabdomyolysis, as well as other hematological values. Samples were taken before and after the race and during the recovery period (days 2 and 9 after the race). Results showed: SCR = 1.13 mg/dl, [Na+] =139 mmol/l and CK = 1.099 UI/l. Criteria for the determination of acute kidney damage were not met, and [Na+] concentration was above 135 mEq/L, indicating the absence of hyponatremia. Exertional rhabdomyolysis was suffered by the athlete (baseline CK increased fivefold), though this situation was reverted after 9 days of recovery. Ultra-trail races cause biochemical changes in athletes, which should be known about by healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Lecina
- Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain; (M.L.); (I.L.)
| | - Isaac López
- Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain; (M.L.); (I.L.)
| | - Carlos Castellar
- ENFYRED Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Francisco Pradas
- ENFYRED Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain;
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Potential Long-Term Health Problems Associated with Ultra-Endurance Running: A Narrative Review. Sports Med 2021; 52:725-740. [PMID: 34542868 PMCID: PMC8450723 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01561-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that physical activity reduces all-cause mortality and can prolong life. Ultra-endurance running (UER) is an extreme sport that is becoming increasingly popular, and comprises running races above marathon distance, exceeding 6 h, and/or running fixed distances on multiple days. Serious acute adverse events are rare, but there is mounting evidence that UER may lead to long-term health problems. The purpose of this review is to present the current state of knowledge regarding the potential long-term health problems derived from UER, specifically potential maladaptation in key organ systems, including cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, renal, immunological, gastrointestinal, neurological, and integumentary systems. Special consideration is given to youth, masters, and female athletes, all of whom may be more susceptible to certain long-term health issues. We present directions for future research into the pathophysiological mechanisms that underpin athlete susceptibility to long-term issues. Although all body systems can be affected by UER, one of the clearest effects of endurance exercise is on the cardiovascular system, including right ventricular dysfunction and potential increased risk of arrhythmias and hypertension. There is also evidence that rare cases of acute renal injury in UER could lead to progressive renal scarring and chronic kidney disease. There are limited data specific to female athletes, who may be at greater risk of certain UER-related health issues due to interactions between energy availability and sex-hormone concentrations. Indeed, failure to consider sex differences in the design of female-specific UER training programs may have a negative impact on athlete longevity. It is hoped that this review will inform risk stratification and stimulate further research about UER and the implications for long-term health.
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