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Chen SY, Wang TE, Lee WY, Yang YY, Lai HC, Matsuda F, Kosek H, Chen YT, Li SH, Tsai PS. Cre-LoxP and tamoxifen-induced deletion of ovarian quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 2 showed disruption of ovulatory activity in mice. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:66. [PMID: 38504307 PMCID: PMC10949576 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 2 (QSOX2) is a flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent sulfhydryl oxidase that is known to be involved in protein folding, cell growth regulation, and redox state modification through oxidative activities. Earlier studies demonstrated the tissue and cellular localization of QSOX2 in the male reproductive tract, as well as the highly-regulated mechanism of QSOX2 protein synthesis and expression through the coordinated action of testosterone and epididymal-enriched amino acid, glutamate. However, the presence and the functions of QSOX2 in female reproduction are unknown. In this study, we applied the Cre-loxP gene manipulation system to generate the heterozygous and homozygous Qsox2 knockout mice and examined its effects on ovarian function. RESULTS We demonstrated that QSOX2 was detected in the follicle-supporting cells (granulosa and cumulus cells) of ovarian follicles of all stages but was absent in the corpus luteum, suggesting its supportive role in folliculogenesis. In comparison with reproductive organogenesis in wild-type mice, there was no difference in testicular and epididymal structure in male Qsox2 knockout; however, Qsox2 knockout disrupted the regular ovulation process in female mice as a drastic decrease in the formation of the corpus luteum was detected, and no pregnancy was achieved when mating males with homozygous Qsox2 knockout females. RNAseq analyses further revealed that Qsox2 knockout altered critical signaling pathways and genes that are responsible for maintaining ovarian functions. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated for the first time that Qsox2 is critical for ovarian function in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yun Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tse-En Wang
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yun Lee
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yi Yang
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chun Lai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Fuko Matsuda
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kosek
- Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), RIEKN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - You-Tzung Chen
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 10055, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsiang Li
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, 25160, Tamsui, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shiue Tsai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Yang Y, Zhou Y, Li X, He Y, Bai Y, Wang B, Chen S, Liu C. Transcriptome profiling reveals transcriptional regulation of Protegrin-1 on immune defense and development in porcine granulosa cells. Gene 2024; 890:147819. [PMID: 37741593 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Protegrin-1 (PG1) is an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) that has garnered increasing attention due to its potent immune defense activity. Our previous studies demonstrated the ability of PG1 to enhance proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of porcine granulosa cells (GCs) under oxidative stress. GCs play a crucial role in ovary follicular development. However, the specific function and underlying mechanisms of AMP in follicular development still need further elucidation. The present study aimed to comprehensively explore the biological effects of PG1 on porcine GCs using transcriptome profiling by RNA sequencing technology. Isolated GCs were incubated with or without PG1 for 24 h and transcriptome-wide analysis was exerted to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The results of expression analysis revealed 1,235 DEGs, including 242 up-regulated genes and 993 down-regulated genes (|log2 (FoldChange)| > 1; adjusted P-value < 0.05). The expression levels of 7 selected DEGs were validated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis, which was consistent with the RNA-sequencing data. Among the significant DEGs, several genes associated with GC function and ovarian follicle development were identified, such as estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2), growth and differentiation factor 6 (GDF6), cell division cycle 20 homolog (CDC20), Notch3, ephrin and Eph receptor system, Egl nine homolog 3 (EGLN3), and BCL2 like 14 (BCL2L14). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that the top three significant GO terms were inflammatory response, defense response, and granulocyte migration. Additionally, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis presented that DEGs were mainly enriched in the immune system, infectious disease, signaling molecules and interaction, and immune disease. Furthermore, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) predicted that the top activated pathway was Liver X Receptor (LXR)/ Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) Activation which is known to be associated with female reproduction. Predicted protein-protein interactions (PPIs) analysis identified complement C3 (C3) as the top node with the highest degree of network connection and revealed that DEGs in the sub-networks were involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, chemokine signaling pathway, and metabolic process. In conclusion, this study expanded the understanding of the effects of PG1 on porcine GCs at the transcriptomic level and provided a theoretical basis for further investigation into the role of PG1 in immune defense and mammalian ovarian follicular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Yang
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, China
| | - Yinlin He
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, China
| | - Yinshan Bai
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, China
| | - Bingyun Wang
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, China
| | - Shengfeng Chen
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, China
| | - Canying Liu
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, China.
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Kulus J, Kranc W, Kulus M, Bukowska D, Piotrowska-Kempisty H, Mozdziak P, Kempisty B, Antosik P. New Gene Markers of Exosomal Regulation Are Involved in Porcine Granulosa Cell Adhesion, Migration, and Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11873. [PMID: 37511632 PMCID: PMC10380331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomal regulation is intimately involved in key cellular processes, such as migration, proliferation, and adhesion. By participating in the regulation of basic mechanisms, extracellular vesicles are important in intercellular signaling and the functioning of the mammalian reproductive system. The complexity of intercellular interactions in the ovarian follicle is also based on multilevel intercellular signaling, including the mechanisms involving cadherins, integrins, and the extracellular matrix. The processes in the ovary leading to the formation of a fertilization-ready oocyte are extremely complex at the molecular level and depend on the oocyte's ongoing relationship with granulosa cells. An analysis of gene expression from material obtained from a primary in vitro culture of porcine granulosa cells was employed using microarray technology. Genes with the highest expression (LIPG, HSD3B1, CLIP4, LOX, ANKRD1, FMOD, SHAS2, TAGLN, ITGA8, MXRA5, and NEXN) and the lowest expression levels (DAPL1, HSD17B1, SNX31, FST, NEBL, CXCL10, RGS2, MAL2, IHH, and TRIB2) were selected for further analysis. The gene expression results obtained from the microarrays were validated using quantitative RT-qPCR. Exosomes may play important roles regarding intercellular signaling between granulosa cells. Therefore, exosomes may have significant applications in regenerative medicine, targeted therapy, and assisted reproduction technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kulus
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Wiesława Kranc
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kulus
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Physiology Graduate Faculty, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Physiology Graduate Faculty, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
- Center of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Paweł Antosik
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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Arjoune A, Sirard MA. The genomic response of human granulosa cells (KGN) to melatonin and specific agonists/antagonists to the melatonin receptors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17539. [PMID: 36266374 PMCID: PMC9584952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21162-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a known modulator of follicle development; it acts through several molecular cascades via binding to its two specific receptors MT1 and MT2. Even though it is believed that melatonin can modulate granulosa cell (GC) functions, there is still limited knowledge of how it can act in human GC through MT1 and MT2 and which one is more implicated in the effects of melatonin on the metabolic processes in the dominant follicle. To better characterize the roles of these receptors on the effects of melatonin on follicular development, human granulosa-like tumor cells (KGN) were treated with specific melatonin receptor agonists and antagonists, and gene expression was analyzed with RNA-seq technology. Following appropriate normalization and the application of a fold change cut-off of 1.5 (FC 1.5, p ≤ 0.05) for each treatment, lists of the principal differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are generated. Analysis of major upstream regulators suggested that the MT1 receptor may be involved in the melatonin antiproliferative effect by reprogramming the metabolism of human GC by activating the PKB signaling pathway. Our data suggest that melatonin may act complementary through both MT1 and MT2 receptors to modulate human GC steroidogenesis, proliferation, and differentiation. However, MT2 receptors may be the ones implicated in transducing the effects of melatonin on the prevention of GC luteinization and follicle atresia at the antral follicular stage through stimulating the PKA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Arjoune
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Centre de recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle, Faculté des Sciences de L’agriculture et de l’alimentation, Département des Sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada ,grid.419508.10000 0001 2295 3249Department of Animal Production, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, 1082 Mahrajène, Tunisia
| | - Marc-André Sirard
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Centre de recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle, Faculté des Sciences de L’agriculture et de l’alimentation, Département des Sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
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Simulated Microgravity Induces the Proliferative Inhibition and Morphological Changes in Porcine Granulosa Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:2210-2219. [PMID: 34940129 PMCID: PMC8929043 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Astronauts are always faced with serious health problems during prolonged spaceflights. Previous studies have shown that weightlessness significantly affects the physiological function of female astronauts, including a change in reproductive hormones and ovarian cells, such as granulosa and theca cells. However, the effects of microgravity on these cells have not been well characterized, especially in granulosa cells. This study aimed to investigate the effects of simulated microgravity (SMG) on the proliferation and morphology of porcine granulosa cells (pGCs). pGC proliferation from the SMG group was inhibited, demonstrated by the reduced O.D. value and cell density in the WST-1 assay and cell number counting. SMG-induced pGCs exhibited an increased ratio of cells in the G0/G1 phase and a decreased ratio of cells in the S and G2/M phase. Western blot analysis indicated a down-regulation of cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (cdk4), and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (cdk6), leading to the prevention of the G1-S transition and inducing the arrest phase. pGCs under the SMG condition showed an increase in nuclear area. This caused a reduction in nuclear shape value in pGCs under the SMG condition. SMG-induced pGCs exhibited different morphologies, including fibroblast-like shape, rhomboid shape, and pebble-like shape. These results revealed that SMG inhibited proliferation and induced morphological changes in pGCs.
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Protegrin-1 inhibits porcine ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis from H 2O 2-induced oxidative stress via the PERK/eIF2α/CHOP signaling pathway in vitro. Theriogenology 2021; 179:117-127. [PMID: 34864562 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of granulosa cells is one of the major causes of follicular atresia, affecting ovarian physiological function. Protegrin-1 (PG-1) is an antimicrobial peptide with effective antimicrobial activity, immunomodulatory function, and porcine growth-promoting effects. PG-1 has been detected in porcine ovaries follicles. This study aimed to investigate the effect of PG-1 on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of porcine ovarian granulosa cells and the underlying molecular mechanism. Granulosa cells were obtained from porcine follicles and treated with H2O2 to establish the oxidative stress model, and then treated with or without PG-1 (10 μg/mL). PG-1 significantly suppressed H2O2-induced apoptosis in granulosa cells after 24 h of treatment. Furthermore, these results revealed that PG-1 increased the mRNA and protein expression of anti-apoptotic B cell lymphoma/leukemia 2 (BCL2) and the BCL2/Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) ratio while decreasing the expression of pro-apoptotic BAX and active caspase-3. Using Western blot analysis, it was found that PG-1 decreased the phosphorylation of RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and the α-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) as well as the protein expression level of CCAAT enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), all of which were increased by H2O2. Moreover, inhibitors against PERK and phospho-eIF2ɑ both suppressed the H2O2-induced granulosa cells apoptosis and enhanced the anti-apoptosis effect of PG-1. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that PG-1 inhibited porcine ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis from oxidative stress via the PERK/eIF2α/CHOP signaling pathway in vitro, which suggests the novel regulatory function of the antimicrobial peptide in the ovary.
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Duan Y, Chen L, Shao J, Jiang C, Zhao Y, Li Y, Ke H, Zhang R, Zhu J, Yu M. Lanatoside C inhibits human cervical cancer cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis by a reduction of the JAK2/STAT6/SOCS2 signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:740. [PMID: 34466152 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality in gynecological diseases and ranks third among female cancers worldwide. Although early detection and vaccination have reduced incidence rates, cancer recurrence and metastasis lead to high mortality due to the lack of effective medicines. The present study aimed to identify novel drug candidates to treat cervical cancer. In the present study, lanatoside C, an FDA-approved cardiac glycoside used for the treatment of heart failure, was demonstrated to have anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects on cervical cancer cells, with abrogation of cell migration in a dose-dependent manner. Lanatoside C also triggered cell apoptosis by enhancing reactive oxygen species production and reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential, which induced cell cycle arrest at the S and G2/M phases. Furthermore, lanatoside C inhibited the phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), while inducing the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 2, a negative regulator of JAK2-STAT6 signaling. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that lanatoside C suppresses cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis by inhibiting JAK2-STAT6 signaling, indicating that lanatoside C is a promising agent for the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Duan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, PR. China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, PR. China
| | - Juan Shao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, PR. China
| | - Cui Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, PR. China
| | - Yingmei Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, PR. China
| | - Yanyi Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, PR. China
| | - Huihui Ke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, PR. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, PR. China
| | - Jianlong Zhu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, PR. China
| | - Minghua Yu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, PR. China
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