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Mota GAF, de Souza SLB, Vileigas DF, da Silva VL, Sant'Ana PG, Costa LCDS, Padovani CR, Zanatti Bazan SG, Buzalaf MAR, Santos LDD, Okoshi MP, Gatto M, Cicogna AC. Myocardial proteome changes in aortic stenosis rats subjected to long-term aerobic exercise. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31199. [PMID: 38291668 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The effects of exercise training (ET) on the heart of aortic stenosis (AS) rats are controversial and the mechanisms involved in alterations induced by ET have been poorly clarified. In this study, we analyzed the myocardial proteome to identify proteins modulated by moderate-intensity aerobic ET in rats with chronic supravalvular AS. Wistar rats were divided into four groups: sedentary control (C-Sed), exercised control (C-Ex), sedentary aortic stenosis (AS-Sed), and exercised AS (AS-Ex). ET consisted of five treadmill running sessions per week for 16 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis and Goodman tests. Results were discussed at a significance level of 5%. At the end of the experiment, AS-Ex rats had higher functional capacity, lower blood lactate concentration, and better cardiac structural and left ventricular (LV) functional parameters than the AS-Sed. Myocardial proteome analysis showed that AS-Sed had higher relative protein abundance related to the glycolytic pathway, oxidative stress, and inflammation, and lower relative protein abundance related to beta-oxidation than C-Sed. AS-Ex had higher abundance of one protein related to mitochondrial biogenesis and lower relative protein abundance associated with oxidative stress and inflammation than AS-Sed. Proteomic data were validated for proteins related to lipid and glycolytic metabolism. Chronic pressure overload changes the abundance of myocardial proteins that are mainly involved in lipid and glycolytic energy metabolism in rats. Moderate-intensity aerobic training attenuates changes in proteins related to oxidative stress and inflammation and increases the COX4I1 protein, related to mitochondrial biogenesis. Protein changes are combined with improved functional capacity, cardiac remodeling, and LV function in AS rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Augusto Ferreira Mota
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Luiz Borges de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Vitor Loureiro da Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Grippa Sant'Ana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Licia Carla da Silva Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Padovani
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silméia Garcia Zanatti Bazan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marina Politi Okoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Gatto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Cicogna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Rodrigues EA, Rosa CM, Campos DHS, Damatto FC, Murata GM, Souza LM, Pagan LU, Gatto M, Brosler JY, Souza HOA, Martins MM, Bastos LM, Tanni SE, Okoshi K, Okoshi MP. The influence of dapagliflozin on cardiac remodeling, myocardial function and metabolomics in type 1 diabetes mellitus rats. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:223. [PMID: 37908006 PMCID: PMC10617150 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT)2 inhibitors have displayed beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. As most clinical trials were performed in Type 2 DM, their effects in Type 1 DM have not been established. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of long-term treatment with SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on cardiac remodeling, myocardial function, energy metabolism, and metabolomics in rats with Type 1 DM. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into groups: Control (C, n = 15); DM (n = 15); and DM treated with dapagliflozin (DM + DAPA, n = 15) for 30 weeks. DM was induced by streptozotocin. Dapagliflozin 5 mg/kg/day was added to chow. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ANOVA and Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn. RESULTS DM + DAPA presented lower glycemia and higher body weight than DM. Echocardiogram showed DM with left atrium dilation and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, dilation, and systolic and diastolic dysfunction. In LV isolated papillary muscles, DM had reduced developed tension, +dT/dt and -dT/dt in basal condition and after inotropic stimulation. All functional changes were attenuated by dapagliflozin. Hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK) and pyruvate kinase (PK) activity was lower in DM than C, and PFK and PK activity higher in DM + DAPA than DM. Metabolomics revealed 21 and 5 metabolites positively regulated in DM vs. C and DM + DAPA vs. DM, respectively; 6 and 3 metabolites were negatively regulated in DM vs. C and DM + DAPA vs. DM, respectively. Five metabolites that participate in cell membrane ultrastructure were higher in DM than C. Metabolites levels of N-oleoyl glutamic acid, chlorocresol and N-oleoyl-L-serine were lower and phosphatidylethanolamine and ceramide higher in DM + DAPA than DM. CONCLUSION Long-term treatment with dapagliflozin attenuates cardiac remodeling, myocardial dysfunction, and contractile reserve impairment in Type 1 diabetic rats. The functional improvement is combined with restored pyruvate kinase and phosphofructokinase activity and attenuated metabolomics changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eder Anderson Rodrigues
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Moreno Rosa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Dijon Henrique Salome Campos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Cesar Damatto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilson Masahiro Murata
- LIM29, Division of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, USP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lidiane Moreira Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luana Urbano Pagan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Gatto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Jessica Yumi Brosler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Hebreia Oliveira Almeida Souza
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Mario Machado Martins
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciana Machado Bastos
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Suzana Erico Tanni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Katashi Okoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Politi Okoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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de Souza SLB, Mota GAF, da Silva VL, Vileigas DF, Sant'Ana PG, Gregolin CS, Figueira RL, Batah SS, Fabro AT, Murata GM, Bazan SGZ, Okoshi MP, Cicogna AC. Effects of early exercise on cardiac function and lipid metabolism pathway in heart failure. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:2956-2969. [PMID: 37654004 PMCID: PMC10538274 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We employed an early training exercise program, immediately after recovery from surgery, and before severe cardiac hypertrophy, to study the underlying mechanism involved with the amelioration of cardiac dysfunction in aortic stenosis (AS) rats. As ET induces angiogenesis and oxygen support, we aimed to verify the effect of exercise on myocardial lipid metabolism disturbance. Wistar rats were divided into Sham, trained Sham (ShamT), AS and trained AS (AST). The exercise consisted of 5-week sessions of treadmill running for 16 weeks. Statistical analysis was conducted by anova or Kruskal-Wallis test and Goodman test. A global correlation between variables was also performed using a two-tailed Pearson's correlation test. AST rats displayed a higher functional capacity and a lower cardiac remodelling and dysfunction when compared to AS, as well as the myocardial capillary rarefaction was prevented. Regarding metabolic properties, immunoblotting and enzymatic assay raised beneficial effects of exercise on fatty acid transport and oxidation pathways. The correlation assessment indicated a positive correlation between variables of angiogenesis and FA utilisation, as well as between metabolism and echocardiographic parameters. In conclusion, early exercise improves exercise tolerance and attenuates cardiac structural and functional remodelling. In parallel, exercise attenuated myocardial capillary and lipid metabolism derangement in rats with aortic stenosis-induced heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vitor Loureiro da Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical SchoolSão Paulo State UniversityBotucatuBrazil
| | | | - Paula Grippa Sant'Ana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical SchoolSão Paulo State UniversityBotucatuBrazil
| | | | - Rebeca Lopes Figueira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical SchoolSão Paulo State UniversityBotucatuBrazil
| | - Sabrina Setembre Batah
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Alexandre Todorovic Fabro
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Gilson Masahiro Murata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | | | - Marina Politi Okoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical SchoolSão Paulo State UniversityBotucatuBrazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Cicogna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical SchoolSão Paulo State UniversityBotucatuBrazil
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Effects of Resistance Exercise on Slow-Twitch Soleus Muscle of Infarcted Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020291. [PMID: 36829850 PMCID: PMC9952394 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although current guidelines recommend resistance exercise in combination with aerobic training to increase muscle strength and prevent skeletal muscle loss during cardiac remodeling, its effects are not clear. In this study, we evaluated the effects of resistance training on cardiac remodeling and the soleus muscle in long-term myocardial infarction (MI) rats. METHODS Three months after MI induction, male Wistar rats were assigned to Sham (n = 14), MI (n = 9), and resistance exercised MI (R-MI, n = 13) groups. The rats trained three times a week for 12 weeks on a climbing ladder. An echocardiogram was performed before and after training. Protein expression of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1/protein kinase B (Akt)/rapamycin target complex (mTOR) pathway was analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS Mortality rate was higher in MI than Sham; in the R-MI group, mortality rate was between that in MI and Sham and did not differ significantly from either group. Exercise increased maximal load capacity without changing cardiac structure and left ventricular function in infarcted rats. Infarction size did not differ between infarcted groups. Catalase activity was lower in MI than Sham and glutathione peroxidase lower in MI than Sham and R-MI. Protein expression of p70S6K was lower in MI than Sham and p-FoxO3 was lower in MI than Sham and R-MI. Energy metabolism did not differ between groups, except for higher phosphofrutokinase activity in R-MI than MI. CONCLUSION Resistance exercise is safe and increases muscle strength regardless structural and functional cardiac changes in myocardial-infarcted rats. This exercise modality attenuates soleus glycolytic metabolism changes and improves the expression of proteins required for protein turnover and antioxidant response.
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The high-intensity interval training mitigates the cardiac remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2022; 308:120959. [PMID: 36108768 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the influence of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiac structural and functional characteristics and myocardial mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in hypertensive rats. METHODS Male rats (12 months old) were divided into three groups: Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY, n = 8); sedentary spontaneously hypertensive rats (SED-SHR, n = 10), and trained spontaneously hypertensive rats (HIIT-SHR, n = 10). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), functional capacity, echocardiography, isolated papillary muscle, and gene expression of MAPK gene-encoding proteins associated with Elk1, cJun, ATF2, MEF2 were analyzed. KEY FINDINGS HIIT decreased SBP and increased functional capacity, left ventricular diastolic diameter, posterior wall thickness-left ventricle, relative wall thickness-left ventricle, and resting tension of the papillary muscle. In hypertensive rats, we observed a decrease in the gene-encoding ATF2 protein; this decrease was reversed by HIIT. SIGNIFICANCE The influence of HIIT in the SHR model in the compensated hypertension phase generated an increase in cardiac hypertrophy, attenuated myocardial diastolic dysfunction, lowered blood pressure, improved functional capacity, and reversed the alteration in gene-encoding ATF2 protein.
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The influence of physical activity level on the length of stay in hospital in older men survivors of COVID-19. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022; 18:1483-1490. [PMID: 35730029 PMCID: PMC9187887 DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00948-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to verify the influence of physical activity level on the length of hospital stay in older men recovered from COVID-19. In total, 126 older men diagnosed with COVID-19 were admitted to the hospital between September and December 2020. Among them, 70 survived, of which 39 older men were included in the study. Within 30 days after discharge, patients answered the International Physical Activity Questionnaire to measure their physical activity level through phone contact, with questions corresponding to the week before symptom onset. Clinical and laboratorial data from admission, days between onset of symptoms and admission, length of stay, computed tomography abnormalities, and the need for the intensive care unit were collected. The groups (active × sedentary) were compared using the Student t test or Mann-Whitney test for quantitative data and chi-square test was used for categorical data. There is no difference between the groups in characteristics of admission (p > 0.05), except by potassium level. Active older men had a shorter length of stay (6.50 ± 3.46 vs 11.48 ± 7.63 days; p = 0.03), disease duration (15.71 ± 4.84 vs 21.09 ± 7.69 days; p = 0.02), and lower frequency of lung damage when compared to their sedentary counterparts. In conclusion, being physically active prior to infection can attenuate length of hospital stay in older men with COVID-19.
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The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Aging Heart. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020336. [PMID: 35204217 PMCID: PMC8868312 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical advances and the availability of diagnostic tools have considerably increased life expectancy and, consequently, the elderly segment of the world population. As age is a major risk factor in cardiovascular disease (CVD), it is critical to understand the changes in cardiac structure and function during the aging process. The phenotypes and molecular mechanisms of cardiac aging include several factors. An increase in oxidative stress is a major player in cardiac aging. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is an important mechanism for maintaining physiological processes; its generation is regulated by a system of antioxidant enzymes. Oxidative stress occurs from an imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant defenses resulting in the accumulation of free radicals. In the heart, ROS activate signaling pathways involved in myocyte hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, contractile dysfunction, and inflammation thereby affecting cell structure and function, and contributing to cardiac damage and remodeling. In this manuscript, we review recent published research on cardiac aging. We summarize the aging heart biology, highlighting key molecular pathways and cellular processes that underlie the redox signaling changes during aging. Main ROS sources, antioxidant defenses, and the role of dysfunctional mitochondria in the aging heart are addressed. As metabolism changes contribute to cardiac aging, we also comment on the most prevalent metabolic alterations. This review will help us to understand the mechanisms involved in the heart aging process and will provide a background for attractive molecular targets to prevent age-driven pathology of the heart. A greater understanding of the processes involved in cardiac aging may facilitate our ability to mitigate the escalating burden of CVD in older individuals and promote healthy cardiac aging.
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