1
|
Cai L, Zhong Q, Xu J, Huang Y, Gao H. A lumped parameter model for evaluating coronary artery blood supply capacity. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2024; 21:5838-5862. [PMID: 38872561 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2024258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The coronary artery constitutes a vital vascular system that sustains cardiac function, with its primary role being the conveyance of indispensable nutrients to the myocardial tissue. When coronary artery disease occurs, it will affect the blood supply of the heart and induce myocardial ischemia. Therefore, it is of great significance to numerically simulate the coronary artery and evaluate its blood supply capacity. In this article, the coronary artery lumped parameter model was derived based on the relationship between circuit system parameters and cardiovascular system parameters, and the blood supply capacity of the coronary artery in healthy and stenosis states was studied. The aortic root pressure calculated by the aortic valve fluid-structure interaction (AV FSI) simulator was employed as the inlet boundary condition. To emulate the physiological phenomenon of sudden pressure drops resulting from an abrupt reduction in blood vessel radius, a head loss model was connected at the coronary artery's entrance. For each coronary artery outlet, the symmetric structured tree model was appended to simulate the terminal impedance of the missing downstream coronary arteries. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was used to optimize the blood flow viscous resistance, blood flow inertia, and vascular compliance of the coronary artery model. In the stenosis states, the relative flow and fractional flow reserve (FFR) calculated by numerical simulation corresponded to the published literature data. It was anticipated that the proposed model can be readily adapted for clinical application, serving as a valuable reference for diagnosing and treating patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Cai
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
- NPU-UoG International Cooperative Lab for Computation and Application in Cardiology, Xi'an 710129, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Scientific Computation and Applied Statistics, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Qian Zhong
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
- NPU-UoG International Cooperative Lab for Computation and Application in Cardiology, Xi'an 710129, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Scientific Computation and Applied Statistics, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Juan Xu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
- NPU-UoG International Cooperative Lab for Computation and Application in Cardiology, Xi'an 710129, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Scientific Computation and Applied Statistics, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Mathematics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Hao Gao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cai L, Hao Y, Ma P, Zhu G, Luo X, Gao H. Fluid-structure interaction simulation of calcified aortic valve stenosis. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2022; 19:13172-13192. [PMID: 36654041 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Calcified aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) is caused by calcium buildup and tissue thickening that impede the blood flow from left ventricle (LV) to aorta. In recent years, CAVS has become one of the most common cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to study the mechanics of aortic valve (AV) caused by calcification. In this paper, based on a previous idealized AV model, the hybrid immersed boundary/finite element method (IB/FE) is used to study AV dynamics and hemodynamic performance under normal and calcified conditions. The computational CAVS model is realized by dividing the AV leaflets into a calcified region and a healthy region, and each is described by a specific constitutive equation. Our results show that calcification can significantly affect AV dynamics. For example, the elasticity and mobility of the leaflets decrease due to calcification, leading to a smaller opening area with a high forward jet flow across the valve. The calcified valve also experiences an increase in local stress and strain. The increased loading due to AV stenosis further leads to a significant increase in left ventricular energy loss and transvalvular pressure gradients. The model predicted hemodynamic parameters are in general consistent with the risk classification of AV stenosis in the clinic. Therefore, mathematical models of AV with calcification have the potential to deepen our understanding of AV stenosis-induced ventricular dysfunction and facilitate the development of computational engineering-assisted medical diagnosis in AV related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Cai
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
- NPU-UoG International Cooperative Lab for Computation and Application in Cardiology, Xi'an 710129, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Scientific Computation and Applied Statistics, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Yu Hao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
- NPU-UoG International Cooperative Lab for Computation and Application in Cardiology, Xi'an 710129, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Scientific Computation and Applied Statistics, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Pengfei Ma
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
- NPU-UoG International Cooperative Lab for Computation and Application in Cardiology, Xi'an 710129, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Scientific Computation and Applied Statistics, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiaoyu Luo
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Hao Gao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Esmailie F, Razavi A, Yeats B, Sivakumar SK, Chen H, Samaee M, Shah IA, Veneziani A, Yadav P, Thourani VH, Dasi LP. Biomechanics of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Complications and Computational Predictive Modeling. STRUCTURAL HEART : THE JOURNAL OF THE HEART TEAM 2022; 6:100032. [PMID: 37273734 PMCID: PMC10236878 DOI: 10.1016/j.shj.2022.100032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a rapidly growing field enabling replacement of diseased aortic valves without the need for open heart surgery. However, due to the nature of the procedure and nonremoval of the diseased tissue, there are rates of complications ranging from tissue rupture and coronary obstruction to paravalvular leak, valve thrombosis, and permanent pacemaker implantation. In recent years, computational modeling has shown a great deal of promise in its capabilities to understand the biomechanical implications of TAVR as well as help preoperatively predict risks inherent to device-patient-specific anatomy biomechanical interaction. This includes intricate replication of stent and leaflet designs and tested and validated simulated deployments with structural and fluid mechanical simulations. This review outlines current biomechanical understanding of device-related complications from TAVR and related predictive strategies using computational modeling. An outlook on future modeling strategies highlighting reduced order modeling which could significantly reduce the high time and cost that are required for computational prediction of TAVR outcomes is presented in this review paper. A summary of current commercial/in-development software is presented in the final section.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Esmailie
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Atefeh Razavi
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Breandan Yeats
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sri Krishna Sivakumar
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Huang Chen
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Milad Samaee
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Imran A. Shah
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alessandro Veneziani
- Department of Mathematics, Department of Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Pradeep Yadav
- Department of Cardiology, Marcus Valve Center, Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Vinod H. Thourani
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Marcus Valve Center, Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lakshmi Prasad Dasi
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|