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Fuster-Martínez I, Calatayud S. The current landscape of antifibrotic therapy across different organs: A systematic approach. Pharmacol Res 2024; 205:107245. [PMID: 38821150 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common pathological process that can affect virtually all the organs, but there are hardly any effective therapeutic options. This has led to an intense search for antifibrotic therapies over the last decades, with a great number of clinical assays currently underway. We have systematically reviewed all current and recently finished clinical trials involved in the development of new antifibrotic drugs, and the preclinical studies analyzing the relevance of each of these pharmacological strategies in fibrotic processes affecting tissues beyond those being clinically studied. We analyze and discuss this information with the aim of determining the most promising options and the feasibility of extending their therapeutic value as antifibrotic agents to other fibrotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Fuster-Martínez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universitat de València, Valencia 46010, Spain; FISABIO (Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana), Valencia 46020, Spain.
| | - Sara Calatayud
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universitat de València, Valencia 46010, Spain; CIBERehd (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas), Spain.
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Lim NK, Jeon HB, Kim S. The transdifferentiation of human dedifferentiated fat cells into fibroblasts: An in vitro experimental pilot study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37595. [PMID: 38552064 PMCID: PMC10977558 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin grafting is a common method of treating damaged skin; however, surgical complications may arise in patients with poor health. Currently, no effective conservative treatment is available for extensive skin loss. Mature adipocytes, which constitute a substantial portion of adipose tissue, have recently emerged as a potential source of stemness. When de-lipidated, these cells exhibit fibroblast-like characteristics and the ability to redifferentiate, offering homogeneity and research utility as "dedifferentiated fat cells." METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted an in vitro study to induce fibroblast-like traits in the adipose tissue by transdifferentiating mature adipocytes for skin regeneration. Human subcutaneous fat tissues were isolated and purified from mature adipocytes that underwent a transformation process over 14 days of cultivation. Microscopic analysis revealed lipid degradation over time, ultimately transforming cells into fibroblast-like forms. Flow cytometry was used to verify their characteristics, highlighting markers such as CD90 and CD105 (mesenchymal stem cell markers) and CD56 and CD106 (for detecting fibroblast characteristics). Administering dedifferentiated fat cells with transforming growth factor-β at the identified optimal differentiation concentration of 5 ng/mL for a span of 14 days led to heightened expression of alpha smooth muscle actin and fibronectin, as evidenced by RNA and protein analysis. Meanwhile, functional validation through cell sorting demonstrated limited fibroblast marker expression in both treated and untreated cells after transdifferentiation by transforming growth factor-β. CONCLUSION Although challenges remain in achieving more effective transformation and definitive fibroblast differentiation, our trial could pave the way for a novel skin regeneration treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Kyu Lim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Chungcheongnamdo, Republic of Korea
- Dankook Physician Scientist Research Center (DPSRC), Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Chungcheongnamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Bae Jeon
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Chungcheongnamdo, Republic of Korea
- Dankook Physician Scientist Research Center (DPSRC), Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Chungcheongnamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyeon Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Chungcheongnamdo, Republic of Korea
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Dirand Z, Tissot M, Chatelain B, Viennet C, Rolin G. Is Spheroid a Relevant Model to Address Fibrogenesis in Keloid Research? Biomedicines 2023; 11:2350. [PMID: 37760792 PMCID: PMC10526056 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Keloid refers to a fibro-proliferative disorder characterized by an accumulation of extracellular matrix at the dermis level, overgrowing beyond the initial wound and forming tumor-like nodule areas. The absence of treatment for keloid is clearly related to limited knowledge about keloid etiology. In vitro, keloids were classically studied through fibroblasts monolayer culture, far from keloid in vivo complexity. Today, cell aggregates cultured as 3D spheroid have gained in popularity as new tools to mimic tissue in vitro. However, no previously published works on spheroids have specifically focused on keloids yet. Thus, we hypothesized that spheroids made of keloid fibroblasts (KFs) could be used to model fibrogenesis in vitro. Our objective was to qualify spheroids made from KFs and cultured in a basal or pro-fibrotic environment (+TGF-β1). As major parameters for fibrogenesis assessment, we evaluated apoptosis, myofibroblast differentiation and response to TGF-β1, extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, and ECM-related genes regulation in KFs spheroids. We surprisingly observed that fibrogenic features of KFs are strongly downregulated when cells are cultured in 3D. In conclusion, we believe that spheroid is not the most appropriate model to address fibrogenesis in keloid, but it constitutes an efficient model to study the deactivation of fibrotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zélie Dirand
- Université de Franche-Comté, Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, 25000 Besançon, France; (Z.D.)
| | - Marion Tissot
- Université de Franche-Comté, Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, 25000 Besançon, France; (Z.D.)
| | - Brice Chatelain
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale, Stomatologie et Odontologie Hospitalière, CHU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Céline Viennet
- Université de Franche-Comté, Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques, EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, 25000 Besançon, France; (Z.D.)
| | - Gwenaël Rolin
- Université de Franche-Comté, Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques, CHU Besançon EFS, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, 25000 Besançon, France
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Iannello G, Patel A, Sirabella D, Diaz AG, Hoover BN, Sarmah H, Corneo B. Simple, Fast, and Efficient Method for Derivation of Dermal Fibroblasts From Skin Biopsies. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e714. [PMID: 36912580 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Primary fibroblasts are a precious resource in the field of translational regenerative medicine. Dermal fibroblasts derived from human subject biopsies are being used as donor tissues for the derivation of patient-specific iPSC lines, which in turn are used for disease modeling, drug screening, tissue engineering, and cell transplantation. We developed a fast and simple protocol to grow dermal fibroblasts from skin biopsies. Using this protocol, we simply and firmly fix the biopsy piece on the surface of a tissue culture-treated plate and allow the fibroblasts to grow. This novel method eliminates any need for enzymatic digestion or mechanical dissociation of the biopsy piece. By using this newly developed protocol, we have successfully established around 100 fibroblast lines characterized by the expression of specific markers [Serpin H1 (Hsp-47), F-actin, and Vimentin]. Finally, we have used many of these fibroblast lines as donor tissues to successfully derive iPSC lines. We have developed a method that is simple, fast, convenient, efficient, and gentle on the cells to derive dermal fibroblasts from human skin biopsies. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Skin biopsy collection and fibroblast derivation Support Protocol 1: Culturing, freezing, and thawing dermal fibroblasts derived from a skin biopsy Support Protocol 2: Characterization of dermal fibroblasts by immunocytochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Iannello
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Stem Cell Core, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Dario Sirabella
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Stem Cell Core, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Benjamin N Hoover
- Department of Neurology, Eleanor and Lou Gehrig ALS Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Hemanta Sarmah
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Stem Cell Core, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Barbara Corneo
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Stem Cell Core, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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Ma Y, Liu Z, Miao L, Jiang X, Ruan H, Xuan R, Xu S. Mechanisms underlying pathological scarring by fibroblasts during wound healing. Int Wound J 2023. [PMID: 36726192 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological scarring is an abnormal outcome of wound healing, which often manifests as excessive proliferation and transdifferentiation of fibroblasts (FBs), and excessive deposition of the extracellular matrix. FBs are the most important effector cells involved in wound healing and scar formation. The factors that promote pathological scar formation often act on the proliferation and function of FB. In this study, we describe the factors that lead to abnormal FB formation in pathological scarring in terms of the microenvironment, signalling pathways, epigenetics, and autophagy. These findings suggest that understanding the causes of abnormal FB formation may aid in the development of precise and effective preventive and treatment strategies for pathological scarring that are associated with improved quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhao Ma
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhifang Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - LinLin Miao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hongyu Ruan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Rongrong Xuan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Suling Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Blaschuk OW. Potential Therapeutic Applications of N-Cadherin Antagonists and Agonists. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:866200. [PMID: 35309924 PMCID: PMC8927039 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.866200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the cell adhesion molecule (CAM), known as neural (N)-cadherin (CDH2). The molecular basis of N-cadherin-mediated intercellular adhesion is discussed, as well as the intracellular signaling pathways regulated by this CAM. N-cadherin antagonists and agonists are then described, and several potential therapeutic applications of these intercellular adhesion modulators are considered. The usefulness of N-cadherin antagonists in treating fibrotic diseases and cancer, as well as manipulating vascular function are emphasized. Biomaterials incorporating N-cadherin modulators for tissue regeneration are also presented. N-cadherin antagonists and agonists have potential for broad utility in the treatment of numerous maladies.
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