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Jiang R, Zhang X, Xia M, Zhao S, Wang Y, Pu T, Zhang C, Wu Z, Xu H, Fan K. Effects of Age and Season on Blood Parameters of Captive Giant Pandas: A Pilot Study. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3023. [PMID: 37835628 PMCID: PMC10571872 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, serves as a flagship species for biodiversity conservation, embodying the intersection of ecological, evolutionary, and anthropogenic forces shaping the natural world. Hematological parameters serve as crucial indicators for assessing the physiological status of animals. However, our understanding of blood parameters and hemorheology in captive giant pandas under non-anesthetic conditions is limited. In this study, from September 2018 to August 2020, we collected blood samples from captive giant pandas under non-anesthetic conditions. Twelve captive giant pandas, ranging in age from 2 to 28 years, were divided into three groups based on their age, and the variations in basic blood parameters and hemorheological parameters across four seasons were analyzed. This provided baseline data for future blood sample comparisons in non-anesthetized captive giant pandas. Additionally, we observed seasonal changes in hematological morphology, hemorheology, and serum enzymes. Moreover, seasonality had a regulatory effect on hemorheological parameters and negatively impacted blood viscosity. Age influenced changes in serum enzymes, serum protein content, and serum metabolites, indicating differences in overall metabolic processes among giant pandas of different age groups. Whether factors such as season and climate contribute to environmental stress in captive giant pandas requires further investigation. The findings of this study may help to protect the stability of the giant panda population better and provide a reference for the medical care of captive giant pandas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan W Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China; (R.J.); (X.Z.)
- Beijing Zoo, 137 Xizhimenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China; (M.X.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (T.P.); (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan W Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China; (R.J.); (X.Z.)
| | - Maohua Xia
- Beijing Zoo, 137 Xizhimenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China; (M.X.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (T.P.); (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Sufen Zhao
- Beijing Zoo, 137 Xizhimenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China; (M.X.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (T.P.); (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Yunsheng Wang
- Beijing Zoo, 137 Xizhimenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China; (M.X.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (T.P.); (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Tianchun Pu
- Beijing Zoo, 137 Xizhimenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China; (M.X.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (T.P.); (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Chenglin Zhang
- Beijing Zoo, 137 Xizhimenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China; (M.X.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (T.P.); (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Zhong Wu
- Beijing Zoo, 137 Xizhimenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China; (M.X.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (T.P.); (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Haihong Xu
- Beijing Zoo, 137 Xizhimenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China; (M.X.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (T.P.); (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (H.X.)
| | - Kai Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan W Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China; (R.J.); (X.Z.)
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Currens J, Dayton PA, Buzzacott P, Papadopoulou V. Hyperbaric exposure in rodents with non-invasive imaging assessment of decompression bubbles: A scoping review protocol. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274241. [PMID: 36084114 PMCID: PMC9462730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric pressure experiments have provided researchers with valuable insights into the effects of pressure changes, using various species as subjects. Notably, extensive work has been done to observe rodents subjected to hyperbaric pressure, with differing imaging modalities used as an analytical tool. Decompression puts subjects at a greater risk for injury, which often justifies conducting such experiments using animal models. Therefore, it is important to provide a broad view of previously utilized methods for decompression research to describe imaging tools available for researchers to conduct rodent decompression experiments, to prevent duplicate experimentation, and to identify significant gaps in the literature for future researchers. Through a scoping review of published literature, we will provide an overview of decompression bubble information collected from rodent experiments using various non-invasive methods of ultrasound for decompression bubble assessment. This review will adhere to methods outlined by the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis and be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Literature will be obtained from the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases. Extracted sources will first be sorted to a list for inclusion based on title and abstract. Two independent researchers will then conduct full-text screening to further refine included papers to those relevant to the scope. The final review manuscript will cover methods, data, and findings for each included publication relevant to non-invasive in vivo bubble imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Currens
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Paul A. Dayton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Peter Buzzacott
- Curtin School of Nursing, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Virginie Papadopoulou
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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