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Sharma G, Maptue N, Rahim M, Trigo Mijes ML, Hever T, Wen X, Funk AM, Malloy CR, Young JD, Khemtong C. Oxidation of hyperpolarized [1- 13 C]pyruvate in isolated rat kidneys. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4857. [PMID: 36285844 PMCID: PMC9980878 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Kidneys play a central role in numerous disorders but current imaging methods have limited utility to probe renal metabolism. Hyperpolarized (HP) 13 C magnetic resonance imaging is uniquely suited to provide metabolite-specific information about key biochemical pathways and it offers the further advantage that renal imaging is practical in humans. This study evaluated the feasibility of hyperpolarization examinations in a widely used model for analysis of renal physiology, the isolated kidney, which enables isolation of renal metabolism from the effects of other organs and validation of HP results by independent measurements. Isolated rat kidneys were supplied with either HP [1-13 C]pyruvate only or HP [1-13 C]pyruvate plus octanoate. Metabolic activity in both groups was confirmed by stable renal oxygen consumption. HP [1-13 C]pyruvate was readily metabolized to [13 C]bicarbonate, [1-13 C]lactate, and [1-13 C]alanine, detectable seconds after HP [1-13 C]pyruvate was injected. Octanoate suppressed but did not eliminate the production of HP [13 C]bicarbonate from [1-13 C]pyruvate. Steady-state flux analyses using non-HP 13 C substrates validated the utilization of HP [1-13 C]pyruvate, as observed by HP 13 C NMR. In the presence of octanoate, lactate is generated from a tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate, oxaloacetate. The isolated rat kidney may serve as an excellent model for investigating and establishing new HP 13 C metabolic probes for future kidney imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nesmine Maptue
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mohsin Rahim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Miriam L. Trigo Mijes
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Hever
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alexander M. Funk
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Craig R. Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jamey D. Young
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Chalermchai Khemtong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Radaelli A, Ortiz D, Michelotti A, Roche M, Hata R, Sando S, Bonny O, Gruetter R, Yoshihara HAI. Hyperpolarized (1- 13C)Alaninamide Is a Multifunctional In Vivo Sensor of Aminopeptidase N Activity, pH, and CO 2. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2987-2994. [PMID: 36194687 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Spin hyperpolarization enables real-time metabolic imaging of carbon-13-labeled substrates. While hyperpolarized l-(1-13C)alaninamide is a probe of the cell-surface tumor marker aminopeptidase-N (APN, CD13), its activity in vivo has not been described. Scanning the kidneys of rats infused with hyperpolarized alaninamide shows both conversion to [1-13C]alanine and several additional spectral peaks with distinct temporal dynamics. The (1-13C)alaninamide chemical shift is pH-sensitive, with a pKa of 7.9 at 37 °C, and the peaks correspond to at least three different compartments of pH 7.46 ± 0.02 (1), 7.21 ± 0.02 (2), and 6.58 ± 0.05 (3). An additional peak was assigned to the carboxyamino adduct formed by reaction with dissolved CO2. Spectroscopic imaging showed nonuniform distribution, with the low-pH signal more concentrated in the inner medulla. Treatment with the diuretic acetazolamide resulted in significant pH shifts in compartment 1 to 7.38 ± 0.03 (p = 0.0057) and compartment 3 to 6.80 ± 0.05 (p = 0.0019). While the pH of compartment 1 correlates with blood pH, the pH of compartment 3 did not correspond to the pH of urine. In vitro experiments show that alaninamide readily enters blood cells and can detect intracellular pH. While carbamate formation depends on pH and pCO2, the carbamate-to-alaninamide ratio did not correlate with either arterial blood pH or pCO2, suggesting that it may reflect variations in tissue pH and pCO2. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using hyperpolarized sensors to simultaneously image enzyme activity, pCO2, and pH in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Radaelli
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging (LIFMET), Institute of Physics, EPFL, 1015Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Ortiz
- Mass Spectrometry Platform, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), EPFL, 1015Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Maxime Roche
- CortecNet, 7 Avenue du Hoggar, 91940Les Ulis, France
| | - Ryunosuke Hata
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Olivier Bonny
- Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1011Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging (LIFMET), Institute of Physics, EPFL, 1015Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hikari A I Yoshihara
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging (LIFMET), Institute of Physics, EPFL, 1015Lausanne, Switzerland
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Hsieh CY, Sung CH, Shen YL(E, Lai YC, Lu KY, Lin G. Developing a Method to Estimate the Downstream Metabolite Signals from Hyperpolarized [1- 13C]Pyruvate. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:5480. [PMID: 35897987 PMCID: PMC9332172 DOI: 10.3390/s22155480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI has the advantage of allowing the study of glycolytic flow in vivo or in vitro dynamically in real-time. The apparent exchange rate constant of a metabolite dynamic signal reflects the metabolite changes of a disease. Downstream metabolites can have a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), causing apparent exchange rate constant inconsistencies. Thus, we developed a method that estimates a more accurate metabolite signal. This method utilizes a kinetic model and background noise to estimate metabolite signals. Simulations and in vitro studies with photon-irradiated and control groups were used to evaluate the procedure. Simulated and in vitro exchange rate constants estimated using our method were compared with the raw signal values. In vitro data were also compared to the Area-Under-Curve (AUC) of the cell medium in 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). In the simulations and in vitro experiments, our technique minimized metabolite signal fluctuations and maintained reliable apparent exchange rate constants. In addition, the apparent exchange rate constants of the metabolites showed differences between the irradiation and control groups after using our method. Comparing the in vitro results obtained using our method and NMR, both solutions showed consistency when uncertainty was considered, demonstrating that our method can accurately measure metabolite signals and show how glycolytic flow changes. The method enhanced the signals of the metabolites and clarified the metabolic phenotyping of tumor cells, which could benefit personalized health care and patient stratification in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Hsieh
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (C.-H.S.)
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Hsuan Sung
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (C.-H.S.)
| | - Yi-Liang (Eric) Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Proton Therapy Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Ying-Chieh Lai
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Kuan-Ying Lu
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Gigin Lin
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
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Ren M, Wang L, Gao ZX, Deng XY, Shen KJ, Li YL, Ding YT, Wei CY, Gu JY. Overcoming chemoresistance to b-raf inhibitor in melanoma via targeted inhibition of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase1 using 3-mercaptopropionic acid. Bioengineered 2022; 13:13571-13586. [PMID: 36700470 PMCID: PMC9275918 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2080385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The resistance of melanoma to BRAF inhibitors remains a tough clinical challenge. In order to explore the underlying mechanism of drug resistance in melanoma, we established the resistant cell line to vemurafenib, and assessed the changes of drug-resistant cells on proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress and tumor stemness. Our results suggest that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase1 (PCK1) is activated and inhibits the oxidative stress caused by vemurafenib in drug-resistant cells. Long term treatment of vemurafenib increases the expression of PCK1 which reduces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by activating PI3K/Akt pathway. After the inhibition of PCK1 by 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA), the therapeutic sensitivity of vemurafenib is restored. In conclusion, this study disclosed that drug-resistant cells appeared to regulate their own proliferation, oxidative stress and tumor dryness by activating Akt/PCK1/ROS pathway, and shed new insights into acquiring drug resistance in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ren
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Xu Gao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Yi Deng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang-Jie Shen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Lin Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Teng Ding
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan-Yuan Wei
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,CONTACT Chuan-Yuan Wei
| | - Jian-Ying Gu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Jian-Ying Gu Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai200032, China
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