1
|
Liu S, Tang J, Hu G, Xiong Y, Ji W, Xu D. Blood flow restriction training improves the efficacy of routine intervention in patients with chronic ankle instability. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 6:159-166. [PMID: 38708328 PMCID: PMC11067764 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
As a new means of rehabilitation, blood flow restriction training (BFRT) is widely used in the field of musculoskeletal rehabilitation. To observe whether BFRT can improve the efficacy of routine rehabilitation intervention in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Twenty-three patients with CAI were randomly divided into a routine rehabilitation group (RR Group) and a routine rehabilitation + blood flow restriction training group (RR + BFRT Group) according to the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) score. The RR Group was treated with routine rehabilitation means for intervention, and the RR + BFRT Group was treated with a tourniquet to restrict lower limb blood flow for rehabilitation training based on routine training. Before and after the intervention, the CAIT score on the affected side, standing time on one leg with eyes closed, comprehensive scores of the Y-balance test, and surface electromyography data of tibialis anterior (TA) and peroneus longus (PL) were collected to evaluate the recovery of the subjects. Patients were followed up 1 year after the intervention. After 4 weeks of intervention, the RR + BFRT Group CAIT score was significantly higher than the RR Group (19.33 VS 16.73, p < 0.05), the time of standing on one leg with eyes closed and the comprehensive score of Y-balance were improved, but there was no statistical difference between groups (p > 0.05). RR + BFRT Group increased the muscle activation of the TA with maximum exertion of the ankle dorsal extensor (p < 0.05) and had no significant change in the muscle activation of the PL with maximum exertion of the ankle valgus (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of resprains within 1 year between the groups (36.36% VS 16.67%, p > 0.05). The incidence of ankle pain in the RR + BFRT Group was lower than that in the RR Group (63.64% VS 9.09%, p < 0.01). Therefore, four-weeks BFRT improves the effect of the routine intervention, and BFRT-related interventions are recommended for CAI patients with severe ankle muscle mass impairment or severe pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shen Liu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiafu Tang
- Sports Health College, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangjun Hu
- Sports Health College, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Yinghong Xiong
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weixiu Ji
- Sports Health College, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Daqi Xu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chinpeerasathian C, Sin Oo P, Siriphorn A, Pensri P. Effect of foot orthoses on balance among individuals with flatfoot: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299446. [PMID: 38457399 PMCID: PMC10923465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals with flatfoot have impaired proprioception owing to ligament laxity and impaired tendons, which can result in poor balance. Foot orthoses (FOs) have been reported to stimulate plantar mechanical receptors and are used to manage foot overpronation in individuals with flatfoot. However, the results of the use of FOs to improve balance are inconsistent. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to identify and investigate the effects of FOs on balance in individuals with flatfoot. Electronic databases were searched for articles published before March 2023. Peer-reviewed journal studies that included adult participants with flexible flatfoot and reported the effects of FOs on balance were included and classified based on the study design: randomized control trials (RCT) and non-RCTs. Four RCT studies were retained, and their methodological quality was assessed (mean, 63.2%; range 47.3%-73.1%: high), as were three non-RCT studies (mean, 54.1%; range, 42.1%-68.4%: high). Meta-analysis was performed by calculating the effect size using the standardized mean differences between the control and FO conditions. Transverse-arch insoles immediately improved static balance after use. However, no immediate significant effect was found for medial archsupport FOs, cuboid-posting FOs, or University of California Berkeley Laboratory FOs during the study period (2-5 weeks) when compared with the controls. The transverse-arch insole is the most effective FO feature for improving static balance. However, the high heterogeneity between study protocols contributes to the lack of evidence for the effects of FO on balance in people with flatfoot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chatanun Chinpeerasathian
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phyu Sin Oo
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Akkradate Siriphorn
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Praneet Pensri
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Werner D, Casey L, Myers E, Barrios JA. Lower limb squat biomechanics and select clinical measures in chronic ankle instability. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2024; 113:106211. [PMID: 38430783 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2024.106211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with chronic ankle instability often present with clinical and biomechanical abnormalities, however squat biomechanics have not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to compare select clinical assessments and squat biomechanics between individuals with and without chronic ankle instability. METHODS Fifteen individuals with chronic ankle instability and a matched control group were studied. A weight-bearing dorsiflexion lunge test, foot posture, and an in-line half-kneeling motor control test for core stability were assessed. Lower limb 3D bilateral and unilateral squat biomechanics were captured. Groups, limbs and squat tasks were compared using an alpha of 0.05. FINDINGS Individuals with chronic ankle instability had less static weight-bearing dorsiflexion and failed the core stability test more frequently, but did not differ in foot morphology compared to the controls. When squatting, those with chronic ankle instability demonstrated reduced peak ankle dorsiflexion angles and moments in the involved limb (p < 0.04) during single limb squats and had interlimb differences in ankle dorsiflexion angle as well as hip and knee kinetics (p < 0.04) during double limb squats. In those with chronic ankle instability, there was less overall motion, but higher kinetic demands in single limb versus double leg squatting (p < 0.03). INTERPRETATION Individuals with chronic ankle instability had impaired weight-bearing dorsiflexion and showed impaired core stability more often, which accompanied altered squatting mechanics in both variations. Within the limbs with chronic ankle instability, single limb squats showed lesser kinematic demands but higher kinetic demands than double limb squatting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Werner
- Physical Therapy Program, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Office of Graduate Studies, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lauren Casey
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Education and Health Sciences, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Ethan Myers
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Education and Health Sciences, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Joaquin A Barrios
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Education and Health Sciences, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guo Y, Cheng T, Yang Z, Huang Y, Li M, Wang T. A systematic review and meta-analysis of balance training in patients with chronic ankle instability. Syst Rev 2024; 13:64. [PMID: 38347564 PMCID: PMC10860262 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-024-02455-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a common yet serious problem for elder patients. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of balance training for CAI, to provide evidence for the clinical treatment, and care of CAI patients. METHODS Two investigators searched PubMed, EMBASE, Science Direct, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and Weipu Databases up to May 20, 2023, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of balance training for CAI. The mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) was calculated for each outcome with a fixed or random effect model. Review Manager 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. RESULTS Nine RCTs involving 341 patients were included. Meta-analysis results showed that compared with blank controls, balanced training treatment of CAI could significantly improve the score of CAI [MD = 3.95, 95% CI (3.26, 4.64), P < 0.00001], SEBT-PM [MD = 4.94, 95% CI (1.88, 8.00), P = 0.002], SEBT-PL [MD = 5.19, 95% CI (1.57, 8.81), P = 0.005], and FAAM Sports [MD = 17.74, 95% CI (14.36, 21.11), P < 0.00001]. Compared with strength training, balance training treatment of CAI improved the score of CAIT [MD = 2.36, 95% CI (0.29, 4.44), P = 0.03], FAAM-ADL [MD = 4.06, 95% CI (1.30, 6.83), P = 0.004]. CONCLUSION The analysis outcomes indicate that balance training enhances daily activity capability, motor function, and dynamic balance to different extents. Additionally, when comparing the results of balance training and strength training, no significant difference was observed between the two methods in improving the dynamic stability of CAI patients. However, it is noteworthy that balance training exhibits a more pronounced impact on enhancing functional scale scores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongi University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Physical Therapy, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyue Cheng
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongi University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Physical Therapy, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Jiading Town Street Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zihao Yang
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongi University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Physical Therapy, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Sanlin Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonglei Huang
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongi University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Li
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongi University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Taoli Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongi University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Physical Therapy, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang L, Chen P, Ding Y, Fan S, Wang G, Jia S, Guo Z, Zheng C. Effects of Kinesio taping on lower limb biomechanical characteristics during unexpected jumping in patients with chronic ankle instability. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14566. [PMID: 38268069 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current biomechanical research on the application of Kinesio taping (KT) to patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) has focused on testing the expected movements. However, unexpected movements are more common in actual sports. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of KT on the biomechanical characteristics of the knee and ankle joints during unexpected jumping movements. METHODS Twenty-one patients with unilateral CAI were recruited to capture the biomechanical parameters during unexpected jumping movements under different interventions: no taping (NT), placebo taping (PT), and KT. A one-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the differences in knee and ankle biomechanical characteristics among patients with CAI between the three intervention conditions. RESULTS At initial contact, the KT group demonstrated a significant decrease in ankle plantarflexion and knee flexion angles compared to the NT group (p < 0.05). At the early landing phase, the KT group had a significant increase in peak ankle dorsiflexion angle, peak ankle eversion angle, peak ankle dorsiflexion moment, and peak ankle eversion moment compared to the NT and PT groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the KT group had a significantly reduced peak knee flexion angle, peak knee eversion angle, and peak vertical ground reaction force (p < 0.05) compared to the NT and PT groups. CONCLUSION KT significantly improves the sprain-prone touchdown posture of patients with CAI. And reducing the risk of ankle sprains during the early landing phase by promoting ankle dorsiflexion and eversion angles and moments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- School of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sport of China, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Ding
- Taihe Hospital, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Siyu Fan
- School of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guanglan Wang
- School of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shaohui Jia
- School of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Sports Training and Monitoring, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhihao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sport of China, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Health Intelligent Equipment of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tamura A, Shimura K, Inoue Y. Leg and Joint Stiffness of the Supporting Leg during Side-Foot Kicking in Soccer Players with Chronic Ankle Instability. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:218. [PMID: 37999435 PMCID: PMC10674260 DOI: 10.3390/sports11110218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Soccer players with chronic ankle instability (CAI) may stabilize their supporting leg by the proximal joint to compensate for the ankle instability during kicking motion. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of leg and joint stiffness of the supporting leg during side-foot kicking in soccer players with CAI. Twenty-four male collegiate-level soccer players with and without CAI participated in this study. The kinematic and kinetic data were obtained using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. Leg stiffness and joint (hip, knee, and ankle) stiffness in the sagittal and frontal planes were calculated and analyzed. The results clarified that soccer players with CAI (0.106 ± 0.053 Nm/°) had greater knee stiffness in knee adduction during the kicking cycle compared to those without CAI (0.066 ± 0.030 Nm/°; p = 0.046), whereas no characteristic differences were observed in knee stiffness in knee flexion and hip and ankle stiffness (p > 0.05). Knee stiffness is believed to occur to compensate for ankle joint instability in the supporting leg. Therefore, adjusting knee stiffness to accommodate ankle joint instability is crucial for maintaining kicking performance. Based on results of this study, it may be important to consider training and exercises focused on joint coordination to improve knee stiffness in soccer players with CAI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Tamura
- Research Institute for Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Setagaya, Tokyo 158-8508, Japan
| | - Keita Shimura
- School of Health Sciences, Tokyo International University, Kawagoe 350-1197, Saitama, Japan;
| | - Yuri Inoue
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Konan Women’s University, Kobe 658-0001, Hyogo, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Deodato M, Coan L, Buoite Stella A, Ajčević M, Martini M, Di Lenarda L, Ratti C, Accardo A, Murena L. Inertial sensors-based assessment to detect hallmarks of chronic ankle instability during single-leg standing: Is the healthy limb "healthy"? Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2023; 107:106036. [PMID: 37406582 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2023.106036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic ankle instability can be common in sportsmen and can increase the risk of damaging the articular surfaces and result in negative consequences to joint health. Balance assessment is often used to evaluate ankle instability characteristics and guide rehabilitation protocols. This study aims to investigate balance-related parameters in people with chronic ankle instability and healthy-matched controls, using inertial sensors. METHODS Ten young adults with a history of multiple ankle sprains (30 y, 25-34, 5 females) and ten matched healthy controls (30 y, 23-39, 5 females) were invited to participate in the study. Inertial sensors were placed on the head of the astragalus and on the chest to collect kinematic parameters during a 20-s single-leg stance performed on the leg with ankle instability (and corresponding for the healthy controls) and on the contralateral leg, randomly. Outcomes were calculated with MATLAB and subsequently analyzed. FINDINGS A significant group effect was found only for the inversion angle (F1,15 = 12.514, p = 0.003, pη2 = 0.455), consisting of individuals with ankle instability being characterized by higher inversion angles (4.999 degrees, 95% CI: 1.987-8.011, p = 0.003) without significant side differences. No significant side x group effects were found for the assessed parameters. INTERPRETATION Results from this study suggest that young adults with chronic ankle instability might be characterized by worse single-stance control in terms of inversion angle, and such worse performance could also be found in the contralateral leg. As such, inertial sensors could be used to assess kinematic parameters during balance tasks in people with chronic ankle instability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Deodato
- School of Physiotherapy, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, via Pascoli 31, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Coan
- School of Physiotherapy, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, via Pascoli 31, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alex Buoite Stella
- School of Physiotherapy, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, via Pascoli 31, 34100 Trieste, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Miloš Ajčević
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, via Alfonso Valerio 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Miriam Martini
- School of Physiotherapy, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, via Pascoli 31, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Di Lenarda
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Unit, Trieste University Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliana Isontina, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149, Italy
| | - Chiara Ratti
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Unit, Trieste University Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliana Isontina, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149, Italy
| | - Agostino Accardo
- School of Physiotherapy, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, via Pascoli 31, 34100 Trieste, Italy; Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, via Alfonso Valerio 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luigi Murena
- School of Physiotherapy, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, via Pascoli 31, 34100 Trieste, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy; Orthopedics and Traumatology Unit, Trieste University Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliana Isontina, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li R, Qin R, Tan Y, Liu H, Wang K, Cheng L. Effect of kinesio taping intervention on the muscle strength and balance of college basketball players with functional ankle instability. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1064625. [PMID: 37064886 PMCID: PMC10090455 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1064625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acute Kinesio Taping (KT) intervention on the muscle strength and balance ability of college basketball players with functional ankle instability (FAI).Methods: Thirty college basketball players with FAI were treated with acute KT to test the changes in their muscle strength and balance ability.Results: After acute KT intervention, the ankle dorsiflexion moment and the ankle plantar flexion moment increased by 34% and 19.9%, respectively. The stable plane test with the subjects’ eyes open decreased by 1%, whereas that with the subjects’ eyes closed decreased by 1.1%. The swaying environment test with the subjects’ eyes open increased by 2.4%. The swaying plane test with the subjects’ eyes open increased by 5.1%, whereas that with the subjects’ eyes closed increased by 16.2%. The swaying environment test with the subjects’ eyes open plus the use of a plane increased by 12.1%.Conclusion: KT can increase the isokinetic strength of the ankle dorsum muscle and plantar flexion of college basketball players with FAI. The effect of KT in the static balance test was weaker than that in the dynamic balance test. The findings indicate that KT can significantly improve the balance ability of college basketball players with FAI during dynamic sports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Qin
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Rui Qin, ; Yajun Tan,
| | - Yajun Tan
- Sport Hospital, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Rui Qin, ; Yajun Tan,
| | | | - Kun Wang
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|