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Mohamed HE, Abdelhady MA, Elmaghraby AM, Elrashidy RA. Empagliflozin and pirfenidone confer renoprotection through suppression of glycogen synthase kinase-3β and promotion of tubular regeneration in rats with induced metabolic syndrome. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 485:116892. [PMID: 38492675 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is largely coupled with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) pathway drives tubular injury in animal models of acute kidney injury; but its contribution in CKD is still elusive. This study investigated the effect empagliflozin and/or pirfenidone against MetS-induced kidney dysfunction, and to clarify additional underpinning mechanisms particularly the GSK-3β signaling pathway. Adult male rats received 10%w/v fructose in drinking water for 20 weeks to develop MetS, then treated with either drug vehicle, empagliflozin (30 mg/kg/day) and/or pirfenidone (100 mg/kg/day) via oral gavage for subsequent 4 weeks, concurrently with the high dietary fructose. Age-matched rats receiving normal drinking water were used as controls. After 24 weeks, blood and kidneys were harvested for subsequent analyses. Rats with MetS showed signs of kidney dysfunction, structural changes and interstitial fibrosis. Activation of GSK-3β, decreased cyclinD1 expression and enhanced apoptotic signaling were found in kidneys of MetS rats. There was abundant alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression along with up-regulation of TGF-β1/Smad3 in kidneys of MetS rats. These derangements were almost alleviated by empagliflozin or pirfenidone, with evidence that the combined therapy was more effective than either individual drug. This study emphasizes a novel mechanism underpinning the beneficial effects of empagliflozin and pirfenidone on kidney dysfunction associated with MetS through targeting GSK-3β signaling which can mediate the regenerative capacity, anti-apoptotic effects and anti-fibrotic properties of such drugs. These findings recommend the possibility of using empagliflozin and pirfenidone as promising therapies for management of CKD in patients with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda E Mohamed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Merna A Abdelhady
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Elmaghraby
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Rania A Elrashidy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
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Liu J, Chang X, Ding X, He X, Wang J, Wang G. Effect of dapagliflozin on proteomics and metabolomics of serum from patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:251. [PMID: 38044448 PMCID: PMC10694884 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01229-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduced the risk of cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the underlying mechanism has not been well elucidated. The circulating levels of proteins and metabolites reflect the overall state of the human body. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dapagliflozin on the proteome and metabolome in patients with newly diagnosed T2D. METHODS A total of 57 newly diagnosed T2D patients were enrolled, and received 12 weeks of dapagliflozin treatment (10 mg/d, AstraZeneca). Serum proteome and metabolome were investigated at the baseline and after dapagliflozin treatment. RESULTS Dapagliflozin significantly decreased HbA1c, BMI, and HOMA-IR in T2D patients (all p < 0.01). Multivariate models indicated clear separations of proteomics and metabolomics data between the baseline and after dapagliflozin treatment. A total of 38 differentially abundant proteins including 23 increased and 15 decreased proteins, and 35 differentially abundant metabolites including 17 increased and 18 decreased metabolites, were identified. In addition to influencing glucose metabolism (glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and pentose phosphate pathway), dapagliflozin significantly increased sex hormone-binding globulin, transferrin receptor protein 1, disintegrin, and metalloprotease-like decysin-1 and apolipoprotein A-IV levels, and decreased complement C3, fibronectin, afamin, attractin, xanthine, and uric acid levels. CONCLUSIONS The circulating proteome and metabolome in newly diagnosed T2D patients were significantly changed after dapagliflozin treatment. These changes in proteins and metabolites might be associated with the beneficial effect of dapagliflozin on cardiovascular and renal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, 100020, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Chang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, 100020, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, 100020, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqing He
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, 100020, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, 100020, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, 100020, Beijing, China.
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Kiełbowski K, Bakinowska E, Ostrowski P, Pala B, Gromowska E, Gurazda K, Dec P, Modrzejewski A, Pawlik A. The Role of Adipokines in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076390. [PMID: 37047363 PMCID: PMC10094354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic and immune-mediated skin condition characterized by pro-inflammatory cytokines and keratinocyte hyperproliferation. Dendritic cells, T lymphocytes, and keratinocytes represent the main cell subtypes involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, while the interleukin-23 (IL-23)/IL-17 pathway enhances the disease progression. Human adipose tissue is an endocrine organ, which secretes multiple proteins, known as adipokines, such as adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, or resistin. Current evidence highlights the immunomodulatory roles of adipokines, which may contribute to the progression or suppression of psoriasis. A better understanding of the complexity of psoriasis pathophysiology linked with adipokines could result in developing novel diagnostic or therapeutic strategies. This review aims to present the pathogenesis of psoriasis and the roles of adipokines in this process.
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Mousa HH, Sharawy MH, Nader MA. Empagliflozin enhances neuroplasticity in rotenone-induced parkinsonism: Role of BDNF, CREB and Npas4. Life Sci 2022; 312:121258. [PMID: 36462721 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Parkinsonism is characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and impairment in neuroplasticity. Empagliflozin (EMPA) is an anti-diabetic drug that has been shown to improve cognitive dysfunctions and exerted antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in different models. This study aimed to determine the neuroprotective effects of EMPA against rotenone (ROT)-induced parkinsonism. MAIN METHODS ROT (1.5 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously three times per week for two successive weeks. Mice were treated with EMPA (3 and 10 mg/kg, orally) for one week prior ROT administration and for another two weeks along with ROT. After that, motor functions and histopathological changes were assessed, and brains were isolated for biochemical analyses and immunohistochemical investigation. KEY FINDINGS Results indicated that, in a dose dependent manner, EMPA improved motor functions and histopathological changes induced by ROT, increased brain content of reduced glutathione (GSH), dopamine (DA), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), inositol trisphosphate (IP3), calcium (Ca2+), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV (CaMKIV) and phospho-Protein kinase B (p-Akt) levels compared to ROT group. Additionally, EMPA decreased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and inactivated glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β). Improvement in neuroplasticity was also observed indicated by elevation in brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and neuronal PAS domain Protein 4 (Npas4). SIGNIFICANCE EMPA improved motor functions possibly through improving neuroplasticity markers and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects in a dose dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hager H Mousa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Maha H Sharawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Manar A Nader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Yan Y, Li M, Lin J, Ji Y, Wang K, Yan D, Shen Y, Wang W, Huang Z, Jiang H, Sun H, Qi L. Adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase contributes to skeletal muscle health through the control of mitochondrial function. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:947387. [PMID: 36339617 PMCID: PMC9632297 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.947387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is one of the largest organs in the body and the largest protein repository. Mitochondria are the main energy-producing organelles in cells and play an important role in skeletal muscle health and function. They participate in several biological processes related to skeletal muscle metabolism, growth, and regeneration. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a metabolic sensor and regulator of systemic energy balance. AMPK is involved in the control of energy metabolism by regulating many downstream targets. In this review, we propose that AMPK directly controls several facets of mitochondrial function, which in turn controls skeletal muscle metabolism and health. This review is divided into four parts. First, we summarize the properties of AMPK signal transduction and its upstream activators. Second, we discuss the role of mitochondria in myogenesis, muscle atrophy, regeneration post-injury of skeletal muscle cells. Third, we elaborate the effects of AMPK on mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion, fission and mitochondrial autophagy, and discuss how AMPK regulates the metabolism of skeletal muscle by regulating mitochondrial function. Finally, we discuss the effects of AMPK activators on muscle disease status. This review thus represents a foundation for understanding this biological process of mitochondrial dynamics regulated by AMPK in the metabolism of skeletal muscle. A better understanding of the role of AMPK on mitochondrial dynamic is essential to improve mitochondrial function, and hence promote skeletal muscle health and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binhai County People’s Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Yancheng, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yanan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dajun Yan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuntian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhongwei Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Haiyan Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Haiyan Jiang, ; Hualin Sun, ; Lei Qi,
| | - Hualin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Haiyan Jiang, ; Hualin Sun, ; Lei Qi,
| | - Lei Qi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Haiyan Jiang, ; Hualin Sun, ; Lei Qi,
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Dugbartey GJ, Alornyo KK, Adams I, Atule S, Obeng-Kyeremeh R, Amoah D, Adjei S. Targeting hepatic sulfane sulfur/hydrogen sulfide signaling pathway with α-lipoic acid to prevent diabetes-induced liver injury via upregulating hepatic CSE/3-MST expression. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:148. [PMID: 36229864 PMCID: PMC9558364 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00921-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes-induced liver injury is a complication of diabetes mellitus of which there are no approved drugs for effective treatment or prevention. This study investigates possible hepatoprotective effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), and sulfane sulfur/hydrogen sulfide pathway as a novel protective mechanism in a rat model of type 2 diabetes-induced liver injury. METHODS Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats underwent fasting for 12 h after which fasting blood glucose was measured and rats were randomly assigned to diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was induced in diabetic group by administration of nicotinamide (110 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (55 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were treated daily with ALA (60 mg/kg/day p.o.) or 40 mg/kg/day DL-propargylglycine (PPG, an inhibitor of endogenous hydrogen sulfide production) for 6 weeks and then sacrificed. Liver, pancreas and blood samples were collected for analysis. Untreated T2DM rats received distilled water. RESULTS Hypoinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, hepatomegaly and reduced hepatic glycogen content were observed in untreated T2DM rats compared to healthy control group (p < 0.001). Also, the pancreas of untreated T2DM rats showed severely damaged pancreatic islets while liver damage was characterized by markedly increased hepatocellular vacuolation, sinusoidal enlargement, abnormal intrahepatic lipid accumulation, severe transaminitis, hyperbilirubinemia, and impaired hepatic antioxidant status and inflammation compared to healthy control rats (p < 0.01). While pharmacological inhibition of hepatic sulfane sulfur/hydrogen sulfide with PPG administration aggravated these pathological changes (p < 0.05), ALA strongly prevented these changes. ALA also significantly increased hepatic expression of hydrogen sulfide-producing enzymes (cystathionine γ-lyase and 3-mecaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase) as well as hepatic sulfane sulfur and hydrogen sulfide levels compared to all groups (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental evidence showing that ALA prevents diabetes-induced liver injury by activating hepatic sulfane sulfur/hydrogen sulfide pathway via upregulation of hepatic cystathionine γ-lyase and 3-mecaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase expressions. Therefore, ALA could serve as a novel pharmacological agent for the treatment and prevention of diabetes-induced liver injury, with hepatic sulfane sulfur/hydrogen sulfide as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Dugbartey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Karl K Alornyo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ismaila Adams
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Ghana Medical School, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Stephen Atule
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Richard Obeng-Kyeremeh
- Department of Animal Experimentation, College of Health Sciences, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Daniel Amoah
- Department of Animal Experimentation, College of Health Sciences, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Adjei
- Department of Animal Experimentation, College of Health Sciences, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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