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Drăgoi CM, Nicolae AC, Ungurianu A, Margină DM, Grădinaru D, Dumitrescu IB. Circadian Rhythms, Chrononutrition, Physical Training, and Redox Homeostasis-Molecular Mechanisms in Human Health. Cells 2024; 13:138. [PMID: 38247830 PMCID: PMC10814043 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A multitude of physiological processes, human behavioral patterns, and social interactions are intricately governed by the complex interplay between external circumstances and endogenous circadian rhythms. This multidimensional regulatory framework is susceptible to disruptions, and in contemporary society, there is a prevalent occurrence of misalignments between the circadian system and environmental cues, a phenomenon frequently associated with adverse health consequences. The onset of most prevalent current chronic diseases is intimately connected with alterations in human lifestyle practices under various facets, including the following: reduced physical activity, the exposure to artificial light, also acknowledged as light pollution, sedentary behavior coupled with consuming energy-dense nutriments, irregular eating frameworks, disruptions in sleep patterns (inadequate quality and duration), engagement in shift work, and the phenomenon known as social jetlag. The rapid evolution of contemporary life and domestic routines has significantly outpaced the rate of genetic adaptation. Consequently, the underlying circadian rhythms are exposed to multiple shifts, thereby elevating the susceptibility to disease predisposition. This comprehensive review endeavors to synthesize existing empirical evidence that substantiates the conceptual integration of the circadian clock, biochemical molecular homeostasis, oxidative stress, and the stimuli imparted by physical exercise, sleep, and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Manuela Drăgoi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.D.); (A.C.N.); (A.U.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Alina Crenguţa Nicolae
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.D.); (A.C.N.); (A.U.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Anca Ungurianu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.D.); (A.C.N.); (A.U.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Denisa Marilena Margină
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.D.); (A.C.N.); (A.U.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Daniela Grădinaru
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.M.D.); (A.C.N.); (A.U.); (D.M.M.)
| | - Ion-Bogdan Dumitrescu
- Department of Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
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Barroso LSS, Faria MHS, Souza-Gomes AF, Barros JLVM, Kakehasi AM, Vieira ELM, Simões E Silva AC, Nunes-Silva A. Acute and Chronic Effects of Strength Training on Plasma Levels of Adipokines in Man. Int J Sports Med 2023; 44:751-758. [PMID: 37429318 DOI: 10.1055/a-2079-1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is specialized cells that produce and release adipokines. Exercise may modulate adipokine production in adipocytes. The aim of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the acute and chronic effects of strength training (ST) on plasma levels of adiponectin, leptin, and resistin. Twelve untrained young male participants (23.42±2.67 years) were selected. The training protocol consisted of 3 exercises, with 3 sets of 65% of 1RM (one-repetition maximum) with pause of 90 s between sets with duration of 5 s/repetition (2 s conc/3 s ecc), 3 times a week for 10 weeks. Blood was collected at four time points: before and after the first ST session and before and after the last ST session. The comparisons between adipokine levels before and after the same training session showed acute changes, while the comparisons between levels before or after the first session versus before or after the last session revealed chronic alterations. ST increased adiponectin levels after the first exercise session in comparison to levels before this session [50 952 (46 568-51 894) pg/mL vs. 52 981 (49 901-54 467) pg/mL, p=0.019]. Similar differences were observed for resistin levels, which were higher after the last session compared to before [4 214.4 (±829) pg/mL vs. pre-S30 2 251.3 (±462.2) pg/mL, p=0.0008] and in the comparison between after the last and after the first ST sessions [4 214.4 (±829.0) pg/mL vs. 1 563.7 (±284.8) pg/mL, p=0.004]. Leptin levels acutely changed in the last training session. ST produced acute and chronic changes in plasma adipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Albená Nunes-Silva
- Physical Education School, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
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Rejeki PS, Pranoto A, Rahmanto I, Izzatunnisa N, Yosika GF, Hernaningsih Y, Wungu CDK, Halim S. The Positive Effect of Four-Week Combined Aerobic-Resistance Training on Body Composition and Adipokine Levels in Obese Females. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:sports11040090. [PMID: 37104164 PMCID: PMC10145427 DOI: 10.3390/sports11040090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic disease that is caused by a lack of physical activity and is associated with an increased risk of chronic inflammation. A total of 40 obese adolescent females with an average age of 21.93 ± 1.35 years and average body mass index (BMI) of 30.81 ± 3.54 kg/m2 were enrolled in this study, randomized, and divided into four groups, i.e., control (CTL; n = 10), moderate intensity aerobic training (MAT; n = 10), moderate intensity resistance training (MRT; n = 10), and moderate intensity combined aerobic-resistance training (MCT; n = 10). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits method was used to analyze the adiponectin and leptin levels between pre-intervention and post-intervention. Statistical analysis was conducted using a paired sample t-test, while correlation analysis between variables used the Pearson product-moment correlation test. Research data showed that MAT, MRT, and MCT significantly increased adiponectin levels and decreased leptin levels compared to the CTL (p ≤ 0.05). The results of the correlation analysis of delta (∆) data showed that an increase in adiponectin levels was significantly negatively correlated with a decrease in body weight (BW) (r = -0.671, p ≤ 0.001), BMI (r = -0.665, p ≤ 0.001), and fat mass (FM) (r = -0.694, p ≤ 0.001) and positively correlated with an increase in skeletal muscle mass (SMM) (r = 0.693, p ≤ 0.001). Whereas, a decrease in leptin levels was significantly positively correlated with a decrease in BW (r = 0.744, p ≤ 0.001), BMI (r = 0.744, p ≤ 0.001), and FM (r = 0.718, p ≤ 0.001) and negatively correlated with an increase in SMM (r = -0.743, p ≤ 0.001). In summary, it can be concluded that our data show that adiponectin levels increased and leptin levels decreased after the intervention of aerobic, resistance, and combined aerobic-resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purwo Sri Rejeki
- Physiology Division, Department of Medical Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Adi Pranoto
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Ilham Rahmanto
- Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Nabilah Izzatunnisa
- Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Ghana Firsta Yosika
- Study Program of Sports Coaching Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak 78124, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Yetti Hernaningsih
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Citrawati Dyah Kencono Wungu
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Medical Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Shariff Halim
- Clinical Research Centre, Management and Science University, Shah Alam 40100, Selangor, Malaysia
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Kuckuck S, van der Valk ES, Scheurink AJW, Lengton R, Mohseni M, Visser JA, Iyer AM, van den Berg SAA, van Rossum EFC. Levels of hormones regulating appetite and energy homeostasis in response to a 1.5-Year combined lifestyle intervention for obesity. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1010858. [PMID: 36891140 PMCID: PMC9986487 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1010858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Weight loss can induce changes in appetite-regulating hormone levels, possibly linked to increases in appetite and weight regain. However, hormonal changes vary across interventions. Here, we studied levels of appetite-regulating hormones during a combined lifestyle intervention (CLI: healthy diet, exercise and cognitive behavioral therapy). Methods: We measured levels of long-term adiposity-related hormones (leptin, insulin, high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin) and short-term appetite hormones (PYY, cholecystokinin, gastric-inhibitory polypeptide, pancreatic polypeptide, FGF21, AgRP) in overnight-fasted serum of 39 patients with obesity. Hormone levels were compared between T0 (baseline), T1 (after 10 weeks) and T2 (end of treatment, 1.5 years). T0-T1 hormone changes were correlated with T1-T2 anthropometric changes. Results: Initial weight loss at T1 was maintained at T2 (-5.0%, p < 0.001), and accompanied by decreased leptin and insulin levels at T1 and T2 (all p < 0.05) compared to T0. Most short-term signals were not affected. Only PP levels were decreased at T2 compared to T0 (p < 0.05). Most changes in hormone levels during initial weight loss did not predict subsequent changes in anthropometrics, except for T0-T1 decreases in FGF21 levels and T0-T1 increases in HMW adiponectin levels tended to be associated with larger T1-T2 increases in BMI (p < 0.05 and p = 0.05, respectively). Conclusion: CLI-induced weight loss was associated with changes in levels of long-term adiposity-related hormones towards healthy levels, but not with orexigenic changes in most short-term appetite signals. Our data indicates that the clinical impact of alterations in appetite-regulating hormones during modest weight loss remains questionable. Future studies should investigate potential associations of weight-loss-induced changes in FGF21 and adiponectin levels with weight regain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kuckuck
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eline S van der Valk
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anton J W Scheurink
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Robin Lengton
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mostafa Mohseni
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jenny A Visser
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anand M Iyer
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd A A van den Berg
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth F C van Rossum
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Ataeinosrat A, Saeidi A, Abednatanzi H, Rahmani H, Daloii AA, Pashaei Z, Hojati V, Basati G, Mossayebi A, Laher I, Alesi MG, Hackney AC, VanDusseldorp TA, Zouhal H. Intensity Dependent Effects of Interval Resistance Training on Myokines and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Males With Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:895512. [PMID: 35757424 PMCID: PMC9226680 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.895512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of different intensities of interval resistance training (IRT) protocols on the levels of select myokines (decorin, follistatin, myostatin, activin A, transforming growth factor beta-1 [TGF-β1]), and cardiometabolic and anthropometric measures in males with obesity. METHODS Forty-four obese males (age: 27.5 ± 9.4 yr.; height: 165.4 ± 2.8 cm; weight: 97.9 ± 2.6 kg and BMI: 35.7 ± 4.3 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n=11 per group): low-intensity interval resistance training (LIIRT), moderate-intensity interval resistance training (MIIRT), high-intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) or control (C). The LIIRT group performed 10 exercises in 3 sets of 40% (20 repetitions), the MIIRT group performed 10 exercises in three sets of 60% (13 repetitions), and the HIIRT group performed 10 exercises in three sets of 80% (10 repetitions) of one maximum repetition (1RM), which were followed with active rest of 20% of 1RM and 15 repetitions. The resistance training groups exercised ~70 min per session, 3 days per week, for 12 weeks. Measurements were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks of exercise training. RESULTS Baseline levels of myokines, cardiovascular risk factors, anthropometry, body composition, and cardio-respiratory fitness were not different between the four groups (p>0.05). The group x time interactions for decorin, activin A, follistatin, myostatin, and TGF-β1, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density cholesterol (HDL), low-density cholesterol (LDL), anthropometry, body composition, and cardio-respiratory fitness were statistically significant (p<0.05). There were increases in post-test values for decorin, follistatin, HDL (p<0.05) and decreases in TC, TG, TGF-β1, LDL, and myostatin levels in the LIIRT, MIIRT, and HIIRT groups compared to pretest values (p<0.05). Changes in fat mass, VO2peak, HDL, TG, glucose, activin A, decorin were not significant in LIIRT compared to the control group, while changes in activin A, follistatin, and TFG-β1 levels were greater in HIIRT and MIIRT groups compared to the LIIRT group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The LIIRT, MIIRT, and HIIRT protocols all produced beneficial changes in decorin, activin A, follistatin, myostatin, and TGF-β1 levels, and cardiometabolic risk factors, with greater effects from the MIIRT and HIIRT protocols compared to LIIRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ataeinosrat
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Hossein Abednatanzi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hiwa Rahmani
- Department of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asieh Abbassi Daloii
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Pashaei
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vida Hojati
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Gholam Basati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ali Mossayebi
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - Michaela G. Alesi
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Anthony C. Hackney
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Trisha A. VanDusseldorp
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Hassane Zouhal, ; Trisha A. VanDusseldorp,
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Univ Rennes, M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé), Rennes, France
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), Irodouer, France
- *Correspondence: Hassane Zouhal, ; Trisha A. VanDusseldorp,
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