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Guo S, Liu P, Tang Y, Chen J, Zhang T, Liu H. Identification and expression profiles of olfactory-related genes in the antennal transcriptome of Graphosoma rubrolineatum (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306986. [PMID: 39106289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphosoma rubrolineatum (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an important pest of vegetables and herbs (e.g., Umbelliferae and Cruciferae) in China, Siberia, Korea, and Japan. Insects are highly dependent on their olfactory system to detect odorants. However, no molecular-mediated olfactory genes in G. rubrolineatum have yet been identified. In this study, we first established the antennal transcriptome of G. rubrolineatum and identified 189 candidate olfactory genes, including 31 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 15 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), four sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs),94 odorant receptors (ORs), 23 ionotropic receptors (IRs), and 22 gustatory receptors (GRs). Additionally, phylogenetic trees were constructed for olfactory genes between G. rubrolineatum and other hemipteran insects. We also detected the expression profiles of ten OBPs, five CSPs, two SNMPs, five ORs, four IRs, and four GRs by real-time quantitative PCR. The results revealed that most genes (GrubOBP1/11/31, GrubCSP3/8, GrubSNMP1a/1b, GrubOrco/OR9/11/13, GrubGR1/4/22, GrubIR25/75h/76b/GluR1) were highly expressed in the antennae, GrubOBP13/31 and GrubCSP4/11/12 were highly expressed in the legs, while GrubOBP20 and GrubGR19 were highly expressed in the wings. Our results will enrich the gene inventory of G. rubrolineatum and provide further insight into the molecular chemosensory mechanisms of G. rubrolineatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibao Guo
- College of Agronomy, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Panjing Liu
- Plant Protection Institute, HAAFS/Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, P. R. China
- IPM Innovation Center of Hebei Province/International Science and Technology Joint Research Center on IPM of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Yin Tang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhua Chen
- College of Agronomy, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Plant Protection Institute, HAAFS/Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, P. R. China
- IPM Innovation Center of Hebei Province/International Science and Technology Joint Research Center on IPM of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Hongmin Liu
- College of Agronomy, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
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Wang L, Liu Q, Guo P, Gao Z, Chen D, Zhang T, Ning J. Evaluation of Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis in the Bean Bug, Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae). INSECTS 2023; 14:960. [PMID: 38132633 PMCID: PMC10743553 DOI: 10.3390/insects14120960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is widely accepted as a precise and convenient method for quantitatively analyzing the expression of functional genes. The data normalization strongly depends upon stable reference genes. The bean bug, Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae), is a significant pest of leguminous crops and broadly distributed across Southeast Asia. In this study, a total of 16 candidate reference genes (RPL32, RPS23, SDHA, UBQ, UCCR, GST, TATA-box, HSP70, GAPDH, RPL7A, SOD, RPS3, Actin, α-tubulin, AK, and EF1) were carefully chosen in R. pedestris, and their expression levels were assessed across various conditions, including different developmental stages, diverse tissues, temperature treatments, adult age, molting time, and mating status. Following this, the stability of these reference genes was evaluated using four algorithms (ΔCt, GeNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper). Ultimately, the comprehensive rankings were determined using the online tool RefFinder. Our results demonstrate that the reference gene for qRT-PCR analysis in R. pedestris is contingent upon the specific experimental conditions. RPL7A and EF1 are optimal reference genes for developmental stages. Furthermore, α-tubulin and EF1 exhibit the most stable expression across various adult tissues. RPL32 and RPL7A exhibit the most stable expression for adult age. For nymph age, RPL32 and SOD display the most stable expression. For temperature conditions, RPS23 and RPL7A were identified as the most suitable for monitoring gene expression. Lastly, we verified the practicability of evaluating expression levels of odorant-binding protein 37 (RpedOBP37) and cytochrome P450 6a2 (RpedCYP6) throughout developmental stages, tissues, and temperature conditions. These findings are a significant addition to the qRT-PCR analysis studies on R. pedestris, serving as a fundamental groundwork for future investigations on stable reference genes in R. pedestris as well as other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (L.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qingyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (L.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Pei Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding 071000, China; (P.G.); (Z.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Zhanlin Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding 071000, China; (P.G.); (Z.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Dan Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding 071000, China; (P.G.); (Z.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding 071000, China; (P.G.); (Z.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Jun Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (L.W.); (Q.L.)
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Li WZ, Kang WJ, Zhou JJ, Shang SQ, Shi SL. The antennal transcriptome analysis and characterizations of odorant-binding proteins in Megachile saussurei (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). BMC Genomics 2023; 24:781. [PMID: 38102559 PMCID: PMC10724985 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09871-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are essential in insect's daily behaviors mediated by olfactory perception. Megachile saussurei Radoszkowski (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) is a principal insect pollinating alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in Northwestern China. The olfactory function have been less conducted, which provides a lot of possibilities for our research. RESULTS Our results showed that 20 OBPs were identified in total. Multiple sequence alignment analysis indicated MsauOBPs were highly conserved with a 6-cysteine motif pattern and all belonged to the classic subfamily, coding 113-196 amino acids and sharing 41.32%-99.12% amino acid identity with known OBPs of other bees. Phylogenetic analysis indicated there were certain homologies existed among MsauOBPs and most sequences were clustered with that of Osmia cornuta (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). Expression analysis showed the identified OBPs were mostly enriched in antennae instead of other four body parts, especially the MsauOBP2, MsauOBP3, MsauOBP4, MsauOBP8, MsauOBP11 and MsauOBP17, in which the MsauOBP2, MsauOBP4 and MsauOBP8 presented obvious tissue-biased expression pattern. Molecular docking results indicated MsauOBP4 might be the most significant protein in recognizing alfalfa flower volatile 3-Octanone, while MsauOBP13 might be the most crucial protein identifying (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate. It was also found the lysine was a momentous hydrophilic amino acid in docking simulations. CONCLUSION In this study, we identified and analyzed 20 OBPs of M. saussurei. The certain homology existed among these OBPs, while some degree of divergence could also be noticed, indicating the complex functions that different MsauOBPs performed. Besides, the M. saussurei and Osmia cornuta were very likely to share similar physiological functions as most of their OBPs were clustered together. MsauOBP4 might be the key protein in recognizing 3-Octanone, while MsauOBP13 might be the key protein in binding (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate. These two proteins might contribute to the alfalfa-locating during the pollination process. The relevant results may help determine the highly specific and effective attractants for M. saussurei in alfalfa pollination and reveal the molecular mechanism of odor-evoked pollinating behavior between these two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of Ministry of Education, and Sino-U.S. Centers for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Wen-Juan Kang
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of Ministry of Education, and Sino-U.S. Centers for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jing-Jiang Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Su-Qin Shang
- College of Plant Protection, Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Shang-Li Shi
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of Ministry of Education, and Sino-U.S. Centers for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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Liu P, Guo J, Wei H, Feng L, Gao Z, Zhang T. Genome-wide identification of candidate chemosensory receptors in the bean bug Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae) and the functional verification of its odorant receptor co-receptor (Orco) in recognizing aggregation pheromone. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1224009. [PMID: 37520822 PMCID: PMC10375722 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1224009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A sophisticated and sensitive olfactory system plays a vital role in the survival and reproduction of insects. Chemosensory receptors are indispensable for the molecular recognition and discrimination of semiochemicals. Riptortus pedestris is a notorious pest of legume plants, resulting in yield losses and quality decreases in soybeans. It is well accepted that R. pedestris highly relies on its olfactory system in detecting aggregation pheromones, host volatiles, and pesticides; however, little research focused on its chemosensory receptors. In the present study, we identified 237 odorant receptors (ORs), 42 gustatory receptors (GRs), and 31 ionotropic receptors (IRs) from the reported genome of R. pedestris, and analyzed their phylogenetic relationship with other hemipteran species. Through the results of RNA-seq and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), we found that RpedORs displayed different expression levels in the antennae of R. pedestris at different development stages. To further verify the function of odorant receptor co-receptor (Orco), an obligate and unique insect OR, we silenced RpedOrco by RNA interference (RNAi) method. The results showed that silencing RpedOrco could significantly impair the response to aggregation pheromone in R. pedestris, indicating that RpedOrco plays an essential role in odorant detection. Our results can provide the theoretical foundations for revealing the olfactory recognition mechanism of R. pedestris and help explore and develop novel olfactory-based agents against this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Jianglong Guo
- Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Hongyi Wei
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Likai Feng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhanlin Gao
- Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
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