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Kenmegne Tebe UC, Tangka JK, Djoukeng HG, Kamdem BM, Folepe EA. Effects of extraction parameters on the yield of oils from non-edible seeds of Bauhinia variegata and Pachiraglabra. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30777. [PMID: 38756583 PMCID: PMC11096891 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The influence of extraction temperature, seed age, and extraction time and their interactions on the Bauhinia variegata seed oil (BVSO) and Pachira glabra seed oil (PGSO) yield was studied using the response surface methodology (RSM). The BVSO and PGSO obtained were characterized to determine their suitability for use as biofuel. Numerically predicted optimum values for the extraction process using the RSM model proved to be a one-week-old seeds, a 10 h extraction time and a 60 °C temperature with a 47.05 % PGSO yield, and a one-week-old seed, a 6.5 h extraction period and 60 °C temperature, with a 23.1 % BVSO yield. Performance evaluation of the models by coefficient of determination (R2), Adjusted R2, and absolute average deviation (AAD) showed that the RSM model (R2 = 0.99, Adjusted R2 = 0.99, AAD = 0.07 % for BVSO yield, and R2 = 0.99, Adjusted R2 = 0.99, AAD = 0.01 % for PGSO yield) was satisfactory, reliable, and flexible. The physicochemical properties of BVSO and PGSO, i.e. acidity index (4.63 mg KOH/g and 27.21 mg KOH/g) and kinematic viscosity (3.24 mm2/s and 12.45 mm2/s), reveal the need for post-treatment of oils for use as additives to conventional fuels. Other physicochemical properties obtained, such as oxidative stability, higher heating value, cetane number, flash point, iodine value, and saponification value, demonstrate that these oils are excellent potential sources for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Cabrel Kenmegne Tebe
- Laboratory of Renewable Energies, Department of Rural Engineering, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences of the University of Dschang, 222 BP Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Julius Kewir Tangka
- Laboratory of Renewable Energies, Department of Rural Engineering, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences of the University of Dschang, 222 BP Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Henri Grisseur Djoukeng
- Department of Rural Engineering, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences of the University of Dschang, 222 BP Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - Esther Azemo Folepe
- Laboratory of Renewable Energies, Department of Rural Engineering, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences of the University of Dschang, 222 BP Dschang, Cameroon
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Wang YL, Lang DQ, Wu C, Chen QC, Lin SX, Li XY, Liu Q, Jiang CP, Shen CY. Chemical Composition and Antibacterial and Antiulcerative Colitis Activities of Essential Oil from Pruni Semen. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:1096-1113. [PMID: 38169317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
This study was sought to investigate the chemical composition and antibacterial and antiulcerative colitis (UC) effects of essential oil from Pruni Semen (PSEO). A GC-MS assay showed that the major compounds in PSEO were products of amygdalin hydrolysis, which possessed great antibacterial and anti-inflammatory potential. In vitro antibacterial experiments demonstrated that PSEO treatment inhibited activity of four kinds of intestinal pathogens probably by disrupting the cell wall. Further in vivo studies showed that PSEO administration significantly improved physiological indexes, attenuated histopathological characteristics, and inhibited proinflammatory cytokine production in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC mice. Network pharmacology and molecular docking results predicted that PSEO might prevent UC via regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays were further conducted for verification, and the results evidenced that PSEO intervention significantly regulated the PI3K/AKT pathway and the expression of its downstream proteins in DSS-induced mice. PSEO might provide a new dietary strategy for UC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Deng-Qin Lang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Chao Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Qi-Cong Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Song-Xia Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yi Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Cui-Ping Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Chun-Yan Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
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Guo L, Xie F, Huang X, Luo Z. A Chromosome-Level Genome of 'Xiaobaixing' ( Prunus armeniaca L.) Provides Clues to Its Domestication and Identification of Key bHLH Genes in Amygdalin Biosynthesis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2756. [PMID: 37570910 PMCID: PMC10421183 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Apricot is a widely cultivated fruit tree of the drupe family, and its sweet/bitter kernel traits are important indicators of the quality and merchantability of apricots. The sweetness/bitterness traits were mainly determined by amygdalin content. However, the lack of high-quality genomes has limited insight into the traits. In this study, a high-quality genome of 'Xiaobaixing' was obtained by using single-molecule sequencing and chromosome-conformation capture techniques, with eight chromosomes of 0.21 Gb in length and 52.80% repetitive sequences. A total of 29,157 protein-coding genes were predicted with contigs N50 = 3.56 Mb and scaffold N50 = 26.73 Mb. Construction of phylogenetic trees of 15 species of Rosaceae fruit trees, with 'Xiaobaixing' differentiated by 5.3 Ma as the closest relative to 'Yinxiangbai'. GO functional annotation and KEGG enrichment analysis identified 227 specific gene families to 'Xiaobaixing', with 569 expansion-gene families and 1316 contraction-gene families, including the significant expansion of phenylalanine N-monooxygenase and β-glucosidase genes associated with amygdalin synthesis, significant contraction of wild black cherry glucoside β-glucosidase genes, amygdalin β-glucosidase genes, and β-glucosidase genes, and significant enrichment of positively selected genes in the cyanogenic amino acid metabolic pathway. The 88 bHLH genes were identified in the genome of 'Xiaobaixing', and ParbHLH66 (rna-Par24659.1) was found to be a key gene for the identification of sweet/bitter kernels of apricots. The amino acid sequence encoded by its gene is highly conserved in the species of Prunus mume, Prunus dulcis, Prunus persica, and Prunus avium and may be participating in the regulation of amygdalin biosynthesis, which provides a theoretical foundation for the molecular identification of sweet/bitter kernels of apricots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Guo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (F.X.); (X.H.)
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar 843300, China
| | - Fangjie Xie
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (F.X.); (X.H.)
| | - Xue Huang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China; (F.X.); (X.H.)
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar 843300, China
| | - Zhengrong Luo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
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WU Y, SONG J, MA A, ZHANG Z, CHEN Z, LI S, QI B, JIA Y. Isolation and extraction of glansreginin A from walnut meal and its effect on the proliferation of 3T3-L1 cells. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.006023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongling WU
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
| | - Jiaxin SONG
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
| | - Aijin MA
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
| | - Zijie ZHANG
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
| | - Zhou CHEN
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
| | - Siting LI
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
| | - Bing QI
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Walnut Nutritional Function and Processing Technology, China
| | - Yingmin JIA
- Beijing Technology and Business University, China
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Powar R, Aware V, Chavan P, Jaiswal AK. Effect of operating parameters on performance of finger millet pearling machine. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.14146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Powar
- Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering Dr. D. Y. Patil College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology Talsande Kolhapur India
| | - Vijay Aware
- Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dapoli Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth Dapoli India
| | - Prasad Chavan
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture Lovely Professional University Phagwara India
| | - Amit K. Jaiswal
- Faculty of Science, School of Food Science and Environmental Health Technological University Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute (ESHI) Technological University Dublin Dublin Ireland
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Combined effect of microwave and hydrothermal treatment on anti-nutritional factors, antioxidant potential and bioactive compounds of plum (Prunus domestica L.) kernels. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Figurová D, Tokárová K, Greifová H, Knížatová N, Kolesárová A, Lukáč N. Inflammation, It's Regulation and Antiphlogistic Effect of the Cyanogenic Glycoside Amygdalin. Molecules 2021; 26:5972. [PMID: 34641516 PMCID: PMC8512454 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory reaction accompanies in part or in full any disease process in the vascularized metazoan. This complicated reaction is controlled by regulatory mechanisms, some of which produce unpleasant symptomatic manifestations of inflammation. Therefore, there has been an effort to develop selective drugs aimed at removing pain, fever, or swelling. Gradually, however, serious adverse side effects of such inhibitors became apparent. Scientific research has therefore continued to explore new possibilities, including naturally available substances. Amygdalin is a cyanogenic glycoside present, e.g., in bitter almonds. This glycoside has already sparked many discussions among scientists, especially about its anticancer potential and related toxic cyanides. However, toxicity at different doses made it generally unacceptable. Although amygdalin given at the correct oral dose may not lead to poisoning, it has not yet been accurately quantified, as its action is often affected by different intestinal microbial consortia. Its pharmacological activities have been studied, but its effects on the body's inflammatory response are lacking. This review discusses the chemical structure, toxicity, and current knowledge of the molecular mechanism of amygdalin activity on immune functions, including the anti-inflammatory effect, but also discusses inflammation as such, its mediators with diverse functions, which are usually targeted by drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarína Tokárová
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (D.F.); (H.G.); (N.K.); (A.K.); (N.L.)
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Amygdalin: Toxicity, Anticancer Activity and Analytical Procedures for Its Determination in Plant Seeds. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082253. [PMID: 33924691 PMCID: PMC8069783 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amygdalin (d-Mandelonitrile 6-O-β-d-glucosido-β-d-glucoside) is a natural cyanogenic glycoside occurring in the seeds of some edible plants, such as bitter almonds and peaches. It is a medically interesting but controversial compound as it has anticancer activity on one hand and can be toxic via enzymatic degradation and production of hydrogen cyanide on the other hand. Despite numerous contributions on cancer cell lines, the clinical evidence for the anticancer activity of amygdalin is not fully confirmed. Moreover, high dose exposures to amygdalin can produce cyanide toxicity. The aim of this review is to present the current state of knowledge on the sources, toxicity and anticancer properties of amygdalin, and analytical methods for its determination in plant seeds.
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Comparison Between β-Cyclodextrin-Amygdalin Nanoparticle and Amygdalin Effects on Migration and Apoptosis of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line. J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-02019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Chen Z, Zhou S, Wei K, Ma W, Li S. Evaluating of the exergy efficiency of the silicon production process using artificial neural networks. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2020.1756806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Chen
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- The National Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Shichao Zhou
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- The National Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Kuixian Wei
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- The National Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Wenhui Ma
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- The National Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Shaoyuan Li
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- The National Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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Albogami S, Hassan A, Ahmed N, Alnefaie A, Alattas A, Alquthami L, Alharbi A. Evaluation of the effective dose of amygdalin for the improvement of antioxidant gene expression and suppression of oxidative damage in mice. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9232. [PMID: 32509470 PMCID: PMC7246030 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known regarding the toxic and therapeutic doses of amygdalin. Treatment regimens and schedules can vary between humans and animal models, and there have been reports of cyanide toxicity due to amygdalin use. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of amygdalin on antioxidant gene expression and suppression of oxidative damage in mice. METHODS Forty adult male mice were divided randomly into four groups (n = 10) as follows and treated orally for two weeks: a control group treated with saline solution, a group treated with amygdalin at 200 mg/kg body weight, a group treated with amygdalin at 100 mg/kg body weight, and a group treated with amygdalin at 50 mg/kg body weight. Liver and testis samples were collected for gene expression, biochemical and histopathological analyses. RESULTS The mice treated with medium-dose amygdalin (100 mg/kg) showed upregulated mRNA expression of glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.01) and superoxide dismutase (P < 0.05) and significantly decreased lipid peroxidation (P < 0.05) in hepatic and testicular tissues compared to those in the untreated groups (controls), with mild histopathological effects. The mice treated with high-dose of amygdalin (200 mg/kg) showed downregulated mRNA expression of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (P < 0.01) and significantly increased lipid peroxidation (P < 0.05) in both hepatic and testicular tissues compared to those in the untreated groups (controls), with an apparent effect at the histopathological level. No effects were observed in the mice treated with low-dose amygdalin (50 mg/kg) at the gene, protein and histopathological level. CONCLUSION Low-and medium-dose amygdalin did not induce toxicity in the hepatic and testicular tissues of male mice, unlike high-dose amygdalin, which had a negative effect on oxidative balance in mice. Therefore, amygdalin at a moderate dose may improve oxidative balance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aziza Hassan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Cell Biology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nibal Ahmed
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa Alnefaie
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Alattas
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lama Alquthami
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- General Department of Education, Taif, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf Alharbi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- General Department of Education, Taif, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Most seed oils are edible while some are used generally as raw material for soap production, chocolate, margarine, and recently in biodiesel formulations as potential candidates capable of replacing fossil fuels which are costly and destructive to the environment. Oilseeds are a green and major reservoir which when properly exploited can be used sustainably for the production of chemicals at both the laboratory and industrial scales. Oil extraction is one of the most critical steps in seed oil processing because it determines the quality and quantity of oil extracted. Optimization of the extraction conditions for each extraction method enhances yield and quality meanwhile a carefully chosen optimization process equally has the potential of saving time and heat requirements with an associated consequence on cost reduction of the entire process. In this review, the techniques used to optimize oil extraction from plant materials which can be consulted by stakeholders in the field are brought to focus and the merits and demerits of these methods highlighted. Additionally, different types of optimization techniques used for various processes including modeling and the software employed in the optimization processes are discussed. Finally, the quality of the oil as affected by the methods of extraction and the optimization process used are also presented.
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Senica M, Mikulic-Petkovsek M. Changes in beneficial bioactive compounds in eight traditional herbal liqueurs during a one-month maceration process. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:343-353. [PMID: 31584698 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbs are rich in various beneficial bioactive compounds and they can be used for many different purposes. One of the most common is maceration of herbs in alcohol. Different substances respond differently to extraction in prepared solutions. It is very important to enhance the highest proportion of beneficial ingredients during the maceration process in a herbal liqueur. A comparative analysis of numerous different phenolic compounds from eight of the most frequently used herbs for making aperitifs in Europe was performed. RESULTS In the comparison among all studied herbs, the highest phenolic content was found with Artemisia absinthium (wormwood) (14.61 mg g-1 ) and Mentha piperita (peppermint) (13.89 mg g-1 ), while the lowest content was found with Centaurium erythraea (common centaury) (3.96 mg g-1 ). Salvianolic acid isomers and caffeic acid derivatives were the greatest contributors to the total phenolic content in lemon balm, wormwood, peppermint, fennel and sage. These compounds contain more hydroxyl groups and they were better extracted at the beginning of the maceration process. Caraway and common centaury contain more flavonols (quercetin and kaempferol derivatives), with higher chemical stability and fewer hydroxyl groups in their structure. CONCLUSION The compositions of eight herbal liqueurs were highly related to the presence of different herbal ingredients and their solubility in the extract over time. Most flavonol derivatives were extracted over a longer time and the two liqueurs (common centaury and caraway) therefore had the highest phenolic contents after 3 weeks of maceration. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateja Senica
- Chair for Fruit Growing, Viticulture and Vegetable Growing, Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Mikulic-Petkovsek
- Chair for Fruit Growing, Viticulture and Vegetable Growing, Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Amygdalin Contents of Oil and Meal from Wild Almond: Effect of Different Heat Pretreatment and Extraction Methods. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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15
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Powar RV, Aware VV, Shahare PU. Optimizing operational parameters of finger millet threshing drum using RSM. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 56:3481-3491. [PMID: 31274916 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03836-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The operational parameters of threshing drum play a dominant role in the design and development of the finger millet thresher-cum-pearler. The finger millet threshing drum was developed and effects of operational parameters such as feed rate, drum speed and concave clearance on threshing efficiency, pearling efficiency and grain damage were individually studied using response surface method. A statistical tool of the central composite rotatable design was used for analysis. It was found that the maximum threshing efficiency, maximum pearling efficiency and minimum grain damage were 98%, 85% and 0.086%, respectively at the feed rate 36 kg/h, drum peripheral speed 7.12 m/s and concave clearance 5 mm. The performance evaluation of the drum was validated by setting above condition in the threshing drum. It was found that the maximum threshing efficiency 99% against predicted 98%, maximum pearling efficiency 86% against predicted 85% and 0.1% grain damage was found against predicted 0.086%.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Powar
- Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Kokan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, 415 712 India
| | - V V Aware
- Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Kokan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, 415 712 India
| | - P U Shahare
- Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Kokan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, 415 712 India
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Modeling and optimization of finger millet pearling process by using RSM. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 56:3272-3281. [PMID: 31274894 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Finger millet pearling process involves so many drudgery prone operations that specify the need for the development of finger millet pearling drum. The performance of pearling drum depends on its operational parameters. Therefore, this study aims to optimize the operational parameters of the pearling drum such as drum speed, concave clearance and pearling sieve size to obtain maximum pearling efficiency and minimum grain damage. The analysis was carried out using Response Surface Method along with the Box-Behnken Design tool. The optimum operational parameters were found as drum speed 7.25 m/s, concave clearance 3 mm and pearling sieve size 2 mm that predicts the maximum pearling efficiency of 98.95% and minimum grain damage of 0.73%. Finally, the performance of the pearling drum was validated setting optimum conditions. It results pearling efficiency of 99% along with 0.5% grain damage. Above results indicates that the validated pearling drum performance was better than predicted.
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Senica M, Stampar F, Veberic R, Mikulic-Petkovsek M. Fruit Seeds of the Rosaceae Family: A Waste, New Life, or a Danger to Human Health? JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10621-10629. [PMID: 29125745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In fruit production seeds are mostly regarded as waste, but for plants they represent a beginning of new life. Seeds accumulate toxic or health-beneficial compounds, and the elucidation of their metabolic profile is especially important to people who consume the entire fruit, including the seeds. The present research quantifies the levels of bioactive compounds (phenolics and cyanogenic glycosides (CGG)) in fruit seeds of 35 cultivars belonging to 6 different fruit species. High-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrophotometry were used to detect and identify the studied compounds. Significant differences in the content of individual bioactive compounds as well as their groups were recorded (p < 0.05). For the first time neoamygdalin and prunasin were detected in a number of fruit cultivars. All fruit seeds, except pears, accumulated from 2- to 46-fold higher levels of CGG than phenolics. On average, seeds contained from 75.46 to 1648.14 μg/g phenolics and from 46.39 to 4374.31 μg/g CGG. The study also clarifies the new lethal dose for cyanogenic glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateja Senica
- Chair for Fruit Growing, Viticulture and Vegetable Growing, Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana , Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Franci Stampar
- Chair for Fruit Growing, Viticulture and Vegetable Growing, Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana , Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Veberic
- Chair for Fruit Growing, Viticulture and Vegetable Growing, Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana , Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Mikulic-Petkovsek
- Chair for Fruit Growing, Viticulture and Vegetable Growing, Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana , Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Senica M, Stampar F, Veberic R, Mikulic-Petkovsek M. Transition of phenolics and cyanogenic glycosides from apricot and cherry fruit kernels into liqueur. Food Chem 2016; 203:483-490. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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