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Ge N, Yang K, Yang L, Meng ZG, Li LG, Chen JW. iTRAQ and RNA-seq analyses provide an insight into mechanisms of recalcitrance in a medicinal plant Panax notoginseng seeds during the after-ripening process. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 49:68-88. [PMID: 34822750 DOI: 10.1071/fp21197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng (Burk) F.H. Chen is an important economic and medicinal plant from the family of Araliaceae, and its seed is characterised by the recalcitrance and after-ripening process. However, the molecular mechanism on the dehydration sensitivity is not clear in recalcitrant seeds. In the present study, isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) and RNA-seq were used to analyse the proteomic and transcriptomic changes in seeds of P. notoginseng in days after-ripening (DAR). A total of 454 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and 12000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained. The activity of enzymes related to antioxidant system were significantly increased, and the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein family and most members of glutathione metabolism enzymes have been downregulated during the after-ripening process. The lack or inadequate accumulation of LEA proteins in the embryo and the low activity of antioxidant defense in glutathione metabolism might be the key factors leading to the dehydration sensitivity in recalcitrant seeds of P. notoginseng. In addition, the increased activity of elycolysis (EMP), citric acid cycle (TCA) and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) pathways might be one of important signals to complete the after-ripening process. Overall, our study might provide a new insight into the molecular mechanism on dehydration sensitivity of recalcitrant seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ge
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Fengyuan Road, Panlong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; and The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Fengyuan Road, Panlong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; and National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Fengyuan Road, Panlong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Kai Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Fengyuan Road, Panlong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; and The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Fengyuan Road, Panlong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; and National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Fengyuan Road, Panlong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Ling Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Fengyuan Road, Panlong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; and The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Fengyuan Road, Panlong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; and National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Fengyuan Road, Panlong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Zhen-Gui Meng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Fengyuan Road, Panlong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; and The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Fengyuan Road, Panlong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; and National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Fengyuan Road, Panlong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Long-Geng Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Fengyuan Road, Panlong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; and The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Fengyuan Road, Panlong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; and National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Fengyuan Road, Panlong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Fengyuan Road, Panlong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; and The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Fengyuan Road, Panlong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; and National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Fengyuan Road, Panlong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
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Ratjens S, Mortensen S, Kumpf A, Bartsch M, Winkelmann T. Embryogenic Callus as Target for Efficient Transformation of Cyclamen persicum Enabling Gene Function Studies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1035. [PMID: 30087683 PMCID: PMC6066641 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cyclamen persicum is an ornamental plant with economic relevance in many parts of the world. Moreover, it can be regarded as an applied model for somatic embryogenesis, since transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic comparisons have revealed insights into this regeneration process on the molecular level. To enable gene function analyses, the aim of this study was to establish an efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation protocol for C. persicum. For the first time, embryogenic callus cultures were used as a target material. The advantages of embryogenic callus are the defined and known genotype compared to seedlings, the high regeneration potential and the stability of the regenerated plants. A. tumefaciens strains EHA105 and LBA4404 were most efficient for transformation, resulting in transformation efficiencies of up to 43 and 20%, respectively. In regenerated plants, the presence of the transgenes was verified by PCR, Southern hybridization, and a histochemical GUS assay. The protocol was applied successfully to two C. persicum genotypes. Moreover, it served to transfer two reporter constructs, the auxin-responsive promoter DR5 driving the gus gene and the redox sensor roGFP2_Orp1, to the C. persicum genotypes, allowing the localization of high auxin concentrations and reactive oxygen species in order to study their roles in somatic embryogenesis in the future. For success in transformation, we regard the following factors as important: highly embryogenic cell lines, the use of Silwet® L-77 as a surfactant during co-culture, a genotype-specific appropriate selection schedule with hygromycin, and A. tumefaciens strains EHA105 and LBA4404.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Traud Winkelmann
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hanover, Germany
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Mamedes-Rodrigues TC, Batista DS, Vieira NM, Matos EM, Fernandes D, Nunes-Nesi A, Cruz CD, Viccini LF, Nogueira FTS, Otoni WC. Regenerative potential, metabolic profile, and genetic stability of Brachypodium distachyon embryogenic calli as affected by successive subcultures. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:655-667. [PMID: 29080994 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Brachypodium distachyon, a model species for forage grasses and cereal crops, has been used in studies seeking improved biomass production and increased crop yield for biofuel production purposes. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is the morphogenetic pathway that supports in vitro regeneration of such species. However, there are gaps in terms of studies on the metabolic profile and genetic stability along successive subcultures. The physiological variables and the metabolic profile of embryogenic callus (EC) and embryogenic structures (ES) from successive subcultures (30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, and 360-day-old subcultures) were analyzed. Canonical discriminant analysis separated EC into three groups: 60, 90, and 120 to 240 days. EC with 60 and 90 days showed the highest regenerative potential. EC grown for 90 days and submitted to SE induction in 2 mg L-1 of kinetin-supplemented medium was the highest ES producer. The metabolite profiles of non-embryogenic callus (NEC), EC, and ES submitted to principal component analysis (PCA) separated into two groups: 30 to 240- and 360-day-old calli. The most abundant metabolites for these groups were malonic acid, tryptophan, asparagine, and erythrose. PCA of ES also separated ages into groups and ranked 60- and 90-day-old calli as the best for use due to their high levels of various metabolites. The key metabolites that distinguished the ES groups were galactinol, oxaloacetate, tryptophan, and valine. In addition, significant secondary metabolites (e.g., caffeoylquinic, cinnamic, and ferulic acids) were important in the EC phase. Ferulic, cinnamic, and phenylacetic acids marked the decreases in the regenerative capacity of ES in B. distachyon. Decreased accumulations of the amino acids aspartic acid, asparagine, tryptophan, and glycine characterized NEC, suggesting that these metabolites are indispensable for the embryogenic competence in B. distachyon. The genetic stability of the regenerated plants was evaluated by flow cytometry, showing that ploidy instability in regenerated plants from B. distachyon calli is not correlated with callus age. Taken together, our data indicated that the loss of regenerative capacity in B. distachyon EC occurs after 120 days of subcultures, demonstrating that the use of EC can be extended to 90 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Mamedes-Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos/BIOAGRO, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - D S Batista
- Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos/BIOAGRO, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - N M Vieira
- Departamento de Microbiologia/Núcleo de Análises de Biomoléculas-NUBIOMOL, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - E M Matos
- Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos/BIOAGRO, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - D Fernandes
- Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos/BIOAGRO, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - A Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - C D Cruz
- Laboratório de Bioinformática/BIOAGRO, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, MG, 35670-900, Brazil
| | - L F Viccini
- Laboratório de Genética e Biotecnologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, Martelos, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-330, Brazil
| | - F T S Nogueira
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular do Desenvolvimento Vegetal (LGMDV), Universidade de São Paulo / ESALQ, Av. Pádua Dias, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - W C Otoni
- Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos/BIOAGRO, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
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