Pre-fractionation strategies to resolve pea (Pisum sativum) sub-proteomes

Effect of composite amendments on physicochemical properties of copper tailings repaired by herbaceous plants

Phytoremediation is considered to be the most environmentally friendly green restoration technology for dealing with mine waste. Adding amendments can improve the substrate environment for plant growth and enhance remediation efficiency. Herbaceous plants have become the preferred species for vegetation restoration in abandoned mines because of their fast greening and simple management. After 8 weeks of pot experiments in the early stage, it was shown that the plant height and fresh weight of the plants treated with 5% conditioner and 0.5% straw (C₂S₂) were significantly higher than those of other treatments. Considering that, in this paper, to explore the effect of composite amendments on physicochemical properties of copper tailings repaired by herbaceous plants, the untreated copper tailings were employed as the control group, whereas copper tailings repaired by ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides L.), and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) with or without conditioners and straw combination into the compound amendments were taken separately as the test group. After 6 months of planting, the pH, electrical conductivity, water content, available potassium, organic matter, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus in the main physical and chemical properties of copper tailings in each experimental area were analyzed. The results showed that the electrical conductivity, organic matter, and total nitrogen content of copper tailings were improved to a certain extent by planting plants without treatment. Meanwhile, compared with the control group, all indexes of planting plants showed an upward trend after adding composite amendments. Among them, pH, water content, and available potassium content of copper tailings were enhanced more obviously. Furthermore, as discovered from the gray correlation analysis results, vetiver grass planted with composite amendments has the best comprehensive effect of improving the physicochemical properties of copper tailings, followed by tall fescue and ryegrass.

Additive interactions of nanoparticulate ZnO with copper, manganese and iron in Pisum sativum L., a hydroponic study

Widespread occurrence of ZnO nanoparticles in environment follows the growing number of applications either in technology or agriculture. The impact of five forms of nanoparticulate ZnO on copper, manganese and iron uptake by Pisum sativum L. cultivated in Hoagland solutions was investigated. Plants were collected after twelve days of zinc administration. Effect of bulk ZnO has also been studied. Initial zinc concentration was 100 mg L^-1. Nanoparticles were characterized by the Transmission Electron Microscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering and Zeta potential measurements. Metal contents were analyzed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with flame atomization for samples digested in a microwave closed system. Analysis of variance indicated that zinc species at either molecular or nanoscale levels altered Cu, Mn and Fe uptake and their further transport in pea plants. In particular, significant reduction of Mn and Fe combined with the Cu increase was observed. Additive interactions originated by nanoparticles affect the heavy metals uptake and indicate pollutants migration pathways in plants. Unfortunately, regulations for the plant cultivation were formulated when anthropogenic nanoparticles were not in common use. They underestimate complexity of metals interactions in either plant or habitat. Our results indicate that these additive interactions cannot be neglected and deserve further investigations.

Proteomic Profiling of the Microsomal Root Fraction: Discrimination of Pisum sativum L. Cultivars and Identification of Putative Root Growth Markers

Legumes are a large and economically important family, containing a variety of crop plants. Alongside different cereals, some fruits, and tropical roots, a number of leguminosae evolved for millennia as crops with human society. One of these legumes is Pisum sativum L., the common garden pea. In the past, breeding has been largely selective on improved above-ground organs. However, parameters, such as root-growth, which determines acquisition of nutrients and water, have largely been underestimated. Although the genome of P. sativum is still not fully sequenced, multiple proteomic studies have been published on a variety of physiological aspects in the last years. The presented work focused on the connection between root length and the influence of the microsomal root proteome of four different pea cultivars after five days of germination (cultivar Vroege, Girl from the Rhineland, Kelvedon Wonder, and Blauwschokker). In total, 60 proteins were identified to have significantly differential abundances in the four cultivars. Root growth of five-days old seedlings and their microsomal proteome revealed a similar separation pattern, suggesting that cultivar-specific root growth performance is explained by differential membrane and ribosomal protein levels. Hence, we reveal and discuss several putative root growth protein markers possibly playing a key role for improved primary root growth breeding strategies.